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=== History === | === History === | ||
The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history the tribe | The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history, the tribe subdivided int the Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone and the Southern Shoshone. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. | ||
The tribes early contact with non- | The tribes' early contact with non-indigenous people included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and trappers at the Rocky Mountain rendezvous. The first rendezvous was promoted by Jedediah Smith in 1825. A prominent Shoshone: Sacajawea joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition-1803-06 | ||
In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest. | In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest. | ||
A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 | A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Native Americans this became known as the Bear river Massacre. | ||
In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshoni and the the Shoshoni-Goship. | In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshoni and the the Shoshoni-Goship. | ||
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*'''1857:''' Comstock Lode - Silver in Nevada | *'''1857:''' Comstock Lode - Silver in Nevada | ||
*'''1862: '''Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City | *'''1862: '''Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City | ||
*'''1863:''' January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 | *'''1863:''' January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 Natives Americans killed; only 22 soldiers killed | ||
*'''1863:''' July, Treaty | *'''1863:''' July, Treaty | ||
*'''1868:''' Treaty | *'''1868:''' Treaty | ||
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*'''1870s''' lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall | *'''1870s''' lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall | ||
*'''1878:''' Bannock War | *'''1878:''' Bannock War | ||
*'''1878:''' a band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone | *'''1878:''' a band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho. | ||
*'''1880s:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way | *'''1880s:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way | ||
*'''1896:''' April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6) | *'''1896:''' April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6) | ||
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=== Agencies === | === Agencies === | ||
The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Shoshone for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of | The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Shoshone for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individuals under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | ||
*[[Carson Valley Indian Agency (Nevada)|Carson Agency ]] | *[[Carson Valley Indian Agency (Nevada)|Carson Agency ]] | ||
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During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]]. | During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]]. | ||
Treaties to which the Shoshone | Treaties to which the Shoshone were a part are: | ||
*1855 June 9, referred to in Wallawalla Treaty | *1855 June 9, referred to in Wallawalla Treaty | ||
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Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | ||
Some '''vital records''' for the Shoshone | Some '''vital records''' for the Shoshone include: | ||
*Wind River Agency, M595, | *Wind River Agency, M595, | ||
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:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands | :Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands | ||
*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . | *Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . | ||
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | *Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | ||
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}. | *Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}. | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Idaho]] | ||