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Nez Perce Tribe: Difference between revisions
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To get | To get startedIndigenous Peoples of the United States Genealogy|Indigenous Peoples of the United States Research]] | ||
''[[Indigenous Peoples of Idaho|Indigenous Peoples of Idaho]] > Nez Perce Tribe''<br>''[[Indigenous Peoples of Montana|Indigenous Peoples of Montana]] > Nez Perce Tribe''<br>''[[Indigenous Peoples of Washington|Indigenous Peoples of Washington]] > Nez Perce Tribe'' | ''[[Indigenous Peoples of Idaho|Indigenous Peoples of Idaho]] > Nez Perce Tribe''<br>''[[Indigenous Peoples of Montana|Indigenous Peoples of Montana]] > Nez Perce Tribe''<br>''[[Indigenous Peoples of Washington|Indigenous Peoples of Washington]] > Nez Perce Tribe'' | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
'''Descendants''':<br> | '''Descendants''':<br> | ||
[[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] in central Idaho. Small groups of Nez Perce also live on the [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|Colville Reservation]] in northeastern Washington and on with the [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene]] | [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] in central Idaho. Small groups of Nez Perce also live on the [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|Colville Reservation]] in northeastern Washington and on with the [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene]] in northern Idaho. | ||
|status = Federally recognized | |status = Federally recognized | ||
|linguistic = not yet researched | |linguistic = not yet researched | ||
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=== History === | === History === | ||
<br>The first reported contact with non- | <br>The first reported contact with non-indigenous people occurred in 1805 when the Lewis and Clark Expedition explored the area. The Nez Perce, also known as the Nimi'ipuu, have been known by other names, as well. Lewis and Clark called them the Chopuunish, and later writers called them the Sahaptin. | ||
Interaction with missionaries began in 1836 when a Presbyterian mission was | Interaction with missionaries began in 1836 when a Presbyterian mission was established by Henry Harmon Spalding and his wife, Eliza. Father Joseph Cataldo was the first Catholic missionary, and the St. Joseph Catholic mission was established in 1874. | ||
By a Treaty of 1855, the tribe was confined to a reservation in the Wallowa Valley in Oregon and a large area of central Idaho. On March 6, 1856 the Nez Perce tribe furnished horses to the Oregon Mounted Volunteers. The tribe was later reimbursed in a treaty signed June 9, 1863. | By a Treaty of 1855, the tribe was confined to a reservation in the Wallowa Valley in Oregon and a large area of central Idaho. On March 6, 1856 the Nez Perce tribe furnished horses to the Oregon Mounted Volunteers. The tribe was later reimbursed in a treaty signed June 9, 1863. | ||
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The remainder of the Nez Perce who had not resisted being restricted to a smaller reservation, remained at the [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] in north-central Idaho. | The remainder of the Nez Perce who had not resisted being restricted to a smaller reservation, remained at the [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] in north-central Idaho. | ||
The Nez Perce now reside mostly on the reservation near Lapwai, Idaho, with a few descendants of the tribe, principally Chief Joseph's Band, still residing on the Colville Reservation and with the [[Coeur d'Alene Indians|Coeur d'Alene]] | The Nez Perce now reside mostly on the reservation near Lapwai, Idaho, with a few descendants of the tribe, principally Chief Joseph's Band, still residing on the Colville Reservation and with the [[Coeur d'Alene Indians|Coeur d'Alene]] in northern Idaho. | ||
==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
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==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
The principal reservation for the Nez Perce Indians is the [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] in central Idaho. Small groups of Nez Perce also live on the [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|Colville Reservation]] in northeastern Washington and with the [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene]] | The principal reservation for the Nez Perce Indians is the [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] in central Idaho. Small groups of Nez Perce also live on the [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|Colville Reservation]] in northeastern Washington and with the [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene]] Tribe in northern Idaho. | ||
==== Leaders ==== | ==== Leaders ==== | ||
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Most of the original records created by agents of the Bureau of Indian Affairs remain in the Agency Office in Lapwai, Idaho. However, some have been transferred to the National Archives in Washington, DC or to the Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Seattle, Washington. | Most of the original records created by agents of the Bureau of Indian Affairs remain in the Agency Office in Lapwai, Idaho. However, some have been transferred to the National Archives in Washington, DC or to the Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Seattle, Washington. | ||
The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Crow for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of | The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Crow for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individuals under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | ||
::[[Nez Perce Indian Agency (Idaho)|Nez Perce Agency]], 1861-1902 | ::[[Nez Perce Indian Agency (Idaho)|Nez Perce Agency]], 1861-1902 | ||
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The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records, [[American Indian Census Rolls|click here]]. | The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records, [[American Indian Census Rolls|click here]]. | ||
The following table lists the census rolls for the Nez Perce | The following table lists the census rolls for the Nez Perce: | ||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
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==== Correspondence Records ==== | ==== Correspondence Records ==== | ||
There are several sets of correspondence between the supervising offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the local offices -- agencies, subagencies, etc. The correspondence is often historical in nature, including reports of the conditions among local groups of | There are several sets of correspondence between the supervising offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the local offices -- agencies, subagencies, etc. The correspondence is often historical in nature, including reports of the conditions among local groups of Native Americans, hostilities, plans for building facilities, activities of traders or missionaries, etc. Occasionally, there will be names of individuals but little detail about them. For more information about American Indian correspondence, [[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|click here]]. | ||
The following table lists some correspondence relating to the Nez Perce | The following table lists some correspondence relating to the Nez Perce: <br> | ||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
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=== Land Records === | === Land Records === | ||
Included with the standard county land records of Idaho County, Idaho are Indian patents, 1895-1909, mostly for some of the Nez Perce | Included with the standard county land records of Idaho County, Idaho are Indian patents, 1895-1909, mostly for some of the Nez Perce. | ||
==== Treaties ==== | ==== Treaties ==== | ||
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During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]]. | During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]]. | ||
Treaties to which the Nez Perce | Treaties to which the Nez Perce were a part were: | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855] October 17, with the Blackfeet | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855] October 17, with the Blackfeet | ||
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Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | ||
Some vital records for the Nez Perce | Some vital records for the Nez Perce include: | ||
*Colville Agency, M595, | *Colville Agency, M595, | ||
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:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands | :Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands | ||
*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . | *Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . | ||
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | *Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | ||
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}. | *Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}. | ||
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[[Category: | [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Idaho]] | ||