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Hiring a DNA Testing Company: Difference between revisions
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== What is DNA? == | == What is DNA? == | ||
To better understand DNA testing it is helpful to have a basic understanding of how DNA is inherited. [http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ | To better understand DNA testing it is helpful to have a basic understanding of how DNA is inherited. The University of Utah's [https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/ Genetic Science Learning Center's] page [http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ Basic Genetics] is an excellent resource. | ||
DNA is based on the 46 chromosomes that every human being has (with few exceptions). The sex-determining chromosomes are X from the mother and either X or Y from the father. | DNA is based on the 46 chromosomes that every human being has (with few exceptions). The sex-determining chromosomes are X from the mother and either X or Y from the father. If X from the father, the child is female (XX) and if Y from the father the child is male (XY). The Y-chromosome can be traced from father to son to son and so on. | ||
In addition, each human being carries a genetic molecule in their cells called the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This genetic component is found in organelles called mitochondria, which produce energy for the hosting cell. mtDNA is inherited exclusively along the mother side. Both males and females carry mtDNA, but only women will pass their mtDNA to their children. Both mtDNA and Y DNA can go back hundreds of years, because of their slow mutation rate. They can be used to help verify or find direct maternal or paternal lines. | In addition, each human being carries a genetic molecule in their cells called the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This genetic component is found in organelles called mitochondria, which produce energy for the hosting cell. mtDNA is inherited exclusively along the mother side. Both males and females carry mtDNA, but only women will pass their mtDNA to their children. Both mtDNA and Y DNA can go back hundreds of years, because of their slow mutation rate. They can be used to help verify or find direct maternal or paternal lines. | ||
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Autosomal DNA is the DNA found on the rest of your 44 chromosomes. It is a mix of all your ancestor lines not just your direct maternal or paternal line. Autosomal usually shows about 6-7 generations back. | Autosomal DNA is the DNA found on the rest of your 44 chromosomes. It is a mix of all your ancestor lines not just your direct maternal or paternal line. Autosomal usually shows about 6-7 generations back. | ||
[[Image:DNA Double Helix.png|right|300px|DNA Double Helix.png]] | [[Image:DNA Double Helix.png|right|300px|DNA Double Helix.png]] | ||
== Getting Started with DNA Testing == | == Getting Started with DNA Testing == | ||