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* Gregory MacGregor. '' The California Emigrant Trail of 1841-1870.'' Albuquerque:University of New Mexico Press, 1996.
* Gregory MacGregor. '' The California Emigrant Trail of 1841-1870.'' Albuquerque:University of New Mexico Press, 1996.
* Malcolm J. Rohrbough.'' Days of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation.'' Berkeley: University of  California Press, 1997.
* Malcolm J. Rohrbough.'' Days of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation.'' Berkeley: University of  California Press, 1997.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/88428?availability=Family%20History%20Library Edward White Stewart. '' The Forty-Niners: a chronicle of the California Trail and El Dorado.''  New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1920. FHL 973 H2ch v. 25]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/88428 Edward White Stewart. '' The Forty-Niners: a chronicle of the California Trail and El Dorado.''  New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1920. FHL 973 H2ch v. 25]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/306247?availability=Family%20History%20Library John Walton Caughey. ''The California gold rush.''Berkeley, California : University of California Press, 1948. FHL 979.4 H2cjw]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/306247 John Walton Caughey. ''The California gold rush.''Berkeley, California : University of California Press, 1948. FHL 979.4 H2cjw]
== Records and Lists of Settlers  ==
== Records and Lists of Settlers  ==
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* David H. Johnson.''Sonora Pass Pioneers.'' California Bound Emigrants and Explorers, 1841-1864.'' Sonora, California: Tuolumne County Historical Society, 2006. {{FHL|1246010|item|disp=FHL 979.4 W2j}}; {{WorldCat|73841357|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
* David H. Johnson.''Sonora Pass Pioneers.'' California Bound Emigrants and Explorers, 1841-1864.'' Sonora, California: Tuolumne County Historical Society, 2006. {{FHL|1246010|item|disp=FHL 979.4 W2j}}; {{WorldCat|73841357|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*''The 49ers as reported by the Missouri Republication, St. Louis, Missouri.'' 10 volumes.Arlington, Texas : K.E. Weant, c2004-2010 {{FHL|1219714|item|disp=FHL 977.8 D2wk}}; {{WorldCat|62246193|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*''The 49ers as reported by the Missouri Republication, St. Louis, Missouri.'' 10 volumes.Arlington, Texas : K.E. Weant, c2004-2010 {{FHL|1219714|item|disp=FHL 977.8 D2wk}}; {{WorldCat|62246193|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1111993?availability=Family%20History%20Library Edward Leo Lyman. '' The Overland Journey from Utah to  California: wagon travel from the city of saints to the city of angels.'' Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press, 2004. FHL 979 H2L]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1111993 Edward Leo Lyman. '' The Overland Journey from Utah to  California: wagon travel from the city of saints to the city of angels.'' Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press, 2004. FHL 979 H2L]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/630981?availability=Family%20History%20Library Doyce B. Nunis, ed.''The Bidwell-Bartleson Party, 1841 California emigrant adventure : the documents and memoirs of the overland pioneers.'' Santa Cruz,California: Western Tanager Press, 1991. FHL 979.4 W2n]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/630981 Doyce B. Nunis, ed.''The Bidwell-Bartleson Party, 1841 California emigrant adventure : the documents and memoirs of the overland pioneers.'' Santa Cruz,California: Western Tanager Press, 1991. FHL 979.4 W2n]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/116498?availability=Family%20History%20Library Hubert Howe Bancroft. ''California pioneer register and index, 1542-1848 : including inhabitants of California, 1769-1800, and list of pioneers.'' Baltimore, Maryland, Regional Pub., Co, 1964. FHL 979.4 D3bh]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/116498 Hubert Howe Bancroft. ''California pioneer register and index, 1542-1848 : including inhabitants of California, 1769-1800, and list of pioneers.'' Baltimore, Maryland, Regional Pub., Co, 1964. FHL 979.4 D3bh]


==== Additional Resources and History ====
==== Additional Resources and History ====
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=== Local and county histories and biographies ===  
=== Local and county histories and biographies ===  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2631508?availability=Family%20History%20Library ''An Index to the biographes in 19th Century California county histories''] J. Carlyle Parker, Detroit, Michigan, Gale Research,1979. FHL 979.4 A4pjc v. 7.  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2631508 ''An Index to the biographes in 19th Century California county histories''] J. Carlyle Parker, Detroit, Michigan, Gale Research,1979. FHL 979.4 A4pjc v. 7.  
These may help identify additional pioneers. For example:  
These may help identify additional pioneers. For example:  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1354033?availability=Family%20History%20Library Edna Bryan Buckbee. ''Calaveras County gold rush stories.''San Andreas, California : Calaveras County Historical Society, c2005 FHL 979.444 H2b]   
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1354033 Edna Bryan Buckbee. ''Calaveras County gold rush stories.''San Andreas, California : Calaveras County Historical Society, c2005 FHL 979.444 H2b]   
*W. B. Lardner, and M. J. Brock, ''History of Placer and Nevada counties, California : with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the counties who have been identified with their growth and development from the early days to the present'' (1991 Reprint; Los Angeles, Calif.: Historic Record Co., 1924). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11510628 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|572031|item|disp=FHL Book 979.43 H2L}}.  
*W. B. Lardner, and M. J. Brock, ''History of Placer and Nevada counties, California : with biographical sketches of the leading men and women of the counties who have been identified with their growth and development from the early days to the present'' (1991 Reprint; Los Angeles, Calif.: Historic Record Co., 1924). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11510628 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|572031|item|disp=FHL Book 979.43 H2L}}.  
*Betty Yohalem, ''"I remember..."&nbsp;: stories and pictures of El Dorado County pioneer families'' ([Placerville, Calif.]&nbsp;: El Dorado County Chamber of Commerce, 1977). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3657533 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|75462|item|disp=FHL Book 979.441 H2y}}.<br><br>
*Betty Yohalem, ''"I remember..."&nbsp;: stories and pictures of El Dorado County pioneer families'' ([Placerville, Calif.]&nbsp;: El Dorado County Chamber of Commerce, 1977). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3657533 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|75462|item|disp=FHL Book 979.441 H2y}}.<br><br>
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*[https://archive.org/details/constitutionbyla02soci Constitution,By-Laws and List of members of the Society of California Pioneers... (San Francisco, 1869) ]  
*[https://archive.org/details/constitutionbyla02soci Constitution,By-Laws and List of members of the Society of California Pioneers... (San Francisco, 1869) ]  
*[https://archive.org/details/constitutionbyla03soci Constitution,By-Laws and List of members of the Society of California Pioneers...  (San Francisco, 1888)]
*[https://archive.org/details/constitutionbyla03soci Constitution,By-Laws and List of members of the Society of California Pioneers...  (San Francisco, 1888)]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/290694?availability=Family%20History%20Library ''Constitution and by-laws of the Society of California Pioneers, as revised December 1912 : and list of members since its organization.''San Francisco, California : Society of California Pioneers, 1912 FHL 979.4 C4p]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/290694 ''Constitution and by-laws of the Society of California Pioneers, as revised December 1912 : and list of members since its organization.''San Francisco, California : Society of California Pioneers, 1912 FHL 979.4 C4p]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/816699?availability=Family%20History%20LibraryThe ''Society of California Pioneer sesquicentennial roster, 1850-2000 : commemorative edition.''San Francisco, California:Society of California Pioneers, 2000 FHL 979.4 C4p 2000]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/816699The ''Society of California Pioneer sesquicentennial roster, 1850-2000 : commemorative edition.''San Francisco, California:Society of California Pioneers, 2000 FHL 979.4 C4p 2000]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1138196?availability=Family%20History%20Library ''Quarterly of the Society of California Pioneers, v. 1 1924 - FHL 979.4 B2q v. 1]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1138196 ''Quarterly of the Society of California Pioneers, v. 1 1924 - FHL 979.4 B2q v. 1]  
*[https://www.californiapioneers.org/collections/libraryspecialcollections/ Society of California Pioneers Library & Special Collections]
*[https://www.californiapioneers.org/collections/libraryspecialcollections/ Society of California Pioneers Library & Special Collections]


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*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2257487?availability=Fresno%20California%20Family%20History%20Center Sutter's Fort, State Historical Monument. FHL Digital images]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2257487?availability=Fresno%20California%20Family%20History%20Center Sutter's Fort, State Historical Monument. FHL Digital images]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/90980?availability=Family%20History%20Library Julian Dana. ''Sutter of California: a biography.'' new York,New York: Macmillan, 1936. FHL 921.73 Su86d]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/90980 Julian Dana. ''Sutter of California: a biography.'' new York,New York: Macmillan, 1936. FHL 921.73 Su86d]
*[http://donnersummithistoricalsociety.org/pages/bookreviews/CaliforniaTrailMap1849andAdvice.html California Trail Map & Advice  for Emigrants - Donner Summit Historical Society]
*[http://donnersummithistoricalsociety.org/pages/bookreviews/CaliforniaTrailMap1849andAdvice.html California Trail Map & Advice  for Emigrants - Donner Summit Historical Society]


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=== Truckee (River) Trail 1844 ===
=== Truckee (River) Trail 1844 ===
Crossed the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Mile_Desert#Forty_Mile_Desert Forty Mile Desert] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truckee_River Truckee River] to follow it west past [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno,_Nevada Reno, Nevada] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donner_Pass Donner Pass] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrant_Gap Emigrant Gap] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutter%27s_Fort Sutter's Fort] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California Sacramento, California]). The exact route varied over the years, the most used being the Nevada City Road and Auburn Emigrant Road combination.
Crossed the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Mile_Desert#Forty_Mile_Desert Forty Mile Desert] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truckee_River Truckee River] to follow it west past [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno,_Nevada Reno, Nevada] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donner_Pass Donner Pass] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrant_Gap Emigrant Gap] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutter%27s_Fort Sutter's Fort] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California Sacramento, California]). The exact route varied over the years, the most used being the Nevada City Road and Auburn Emigrant Road combination.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/719062?availability=Family%20History%20Library Olive Newell. ''Tail of the elephant : the emigrant experience on the Truckee route of the California Trail 1844-1852.'' Cedar Ridge, California: Nevada County Historical Society, 1997. FHL 979.4 H2n]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/719062 Olive Newell. ''Tail of the elephant : the emigrant experience on the Truckee route of the California Trail 1844-1852.'' Cedar Ridge, California: Nevada County Historical Society, 1997. FHL 979.4 H2n]


=== Roller Pass 1846 ===
=== Roller Pass 1846 ===
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=== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applegate_Trail Applegate Trail] 1846 ===
=== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applegate_Trail Applegate Trail] 1846 ===
Avoided the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Mile_Desert#Forty_Mile_Desert Forty Mile Desert]) by leaving the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_River Humboldt River] in [[Nevada, United States Genealogy|Nevada]] early at present-day [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye_Patch_State_Recreation_Area Rye Reservoir], Nevada and passing through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Rock_Desert Black Rock Desert] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandango_Pass Fandango Pass] past [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose_Lake_%28Oregon-California%29 Goose Lake] on to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_River_%28California%29 Lost River] and eventually the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette_Valley Willamette Valley] in [[Oregon, United States Genealogy|Oregon]].
Avoided the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Mile_Desert#Forty_Mile_Desert Forty Mile Desert]) by leaving the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_River Humboldt River] in [[Nevada, United States Genealogy|Nevada]] early at present-day [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye_Patch_State_Recreation_Area Rye Reservoir], Nevada and passing through the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Rock_Desert Black Rock Desert] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandango_Pass Fandango Pass] past [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose_Lake_%28Oregon-California%29 Goose Lake] on to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_River_%28California%29 Lost River] and eventually the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette_Valley Willamette Valley] in [[Oregon, United States Genealogy|Oregon]].
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2555941?availability=Family%20History%20Library Walter E. Meacham. ''Applegate Trail.'' S.l.:s.n., 1947 FHL 979.5 W2a]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2555941 Walter E. Meacham. ''Applegate Trail.'' S.l.:s.n., 1947 FHL 979.5 W2a]


=== The Lassen Cutoff 1848 ===
=== The Lassen Cutoff 1848 ===
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From the Carson Trail south to the Walker River along the base of the Sierra Nevada until it ascends to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonora_Pass Sonora Pass] and then down to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry,_Tuolumne_County,_California Strawberry] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonora,_California Sonora, California]
From the Carson Trail south to the Walker River along the base of the Sierra Nevada until it ascends to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonora_Pass Sonora Pass] and then down to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry,_Tuolumne_County,_California Strawberry] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonora,_California Sonora, California]


*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1246010?availability=Family%20History%20Library Dvid H. Johnson. ''Sonora Pass pioneers : California bound emigrants and explorers, 1841-1864.'' Sonora, California : Tuolumne County Historical Society, c2006. FHL 979.4 W2j]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1246010 Dvid H. Johnson. ''Sonora Pass pioneers : California bound emigrants and explorers, 1841-1864.'' Sonora, California : Tuolumne County Historical Society, c2006. FHL 979.4 W2j]


=== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther_Pass Luther Pass Trail 1854] ===
=== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther_Pass Luther Pass Trail 1854] ===
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