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The Ak | The Ak Chin Indian Community is a federally-recognized tribal entity and is primarily associated with the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation in Arizona. | ||
{{wikipedia|Ak=Chin Indian Community|Ak-Chin Indian Community}} | {{wikipedia|Ak=Chin Indian Community|Ak-Chin Indian Community}} | ||
===Tribal Headquarters=== | |||
=== Tribal Headquarters | |||
Ak-Chin Indian Community<br> 42507 West Peters & Nall Rd<br> Maricopa, Arizona 85138<br> Phone: (520) 568-1000 | Ak-Chin Indian Community<br> 42507 West Peters & Nall Rd<br> Maricopa, Arizona 85138<br> Phone: (520) 568-1000 | ||
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The Ak-Chin Indian Community lies 30 miles south of Phoenix in the northwestern part of Pinal County at an elevation of approximately 1,186 feet. State Route 238 intersects the reservation at its northernmost and easternmost corners. State Route 347 runs through the reservation, connecting Interstate 8 and 1-10. In this extremely arid Sonoran Desert climate; no streams slice through the landscape and no mountains rise steeply from the desert floor. Four washes traverse within the reservation from north to south.<ref>[http://www.arizonaguide.com "Official Guide of the Arizona State Office of Tourism"]</ref> | The Ak-Chin Indian Community lies 30 miles south of Phoenix in the northwestern part of Pinal County at an elevation of approximately 1,186 feet. State Route 238 intersects the reservation at its northernmost and easternmost corners. State Route 347 runs through the reservation, connecting Interstate 8 and 1-10. In this extremely arid Sonoran Desert climate; no streams slice through the landscape and no mountains rise steeply from the desert floor. Four washes traverse within the reservation from north to south.<ref>[http://www.arizonaguide.com "Official Guide of the Arizona State Office of Tourism"]</ref> | ||
=== History | ===History=== | ||
The Ak-Chin Indian Community was created in May 1912 by Executive Order of President Taft who initially signed for a 47,000-acre reservation. However, in September of the same year another Executive Order was issued which reduced the size of the reservation to its current 21,840 acres. | |||
Ak-Chin is an O'odham word which when translated means "mouth of the wash" or "place where the wash loses itself in the sand or ground." The term refers to a type of farming that relies on washes – seasonal food-plains created by winter snows and summer rains.<br> | Ak-Chin is an O'odham word which when translated means "mouth of the wash" or "place where the wash loses itself in the sand or ground." The term refers to a type of farming that relies on washes – seasonal food-plains created by winter snows and summer rains.<br> | ||
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Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona. Articles of Association of the Ak-Chin Indian Community, Arizona: Including Amendments. S.l: s.n, 1970. {{WorldCat|70865514}} | Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona. Articles of Association of the Ak-Chin Indian Community, Arizona: Including Amendments. S.l: s.n, 1970. {{WorldCat|70865514}} | ||
== Brief Timeline = == | ==Brief Timeline == | ||
===Additional References=== | |||
===Reservations=== | |||
This Indian community is primarily associated with the [[Ak Chin Indian Reservation (Arizona)|Ak Chin Indian Reservation]], formerly known as the Maricopa Indian Reservation, in Arizona. | |||
The Ak-Chin, who are comprised of both [[Papago Indians|Papago]] (currently known as Tohono O’odham) and [[Pima Indians|Pima]] people, own and operate a 109 acre industrial park which was constructed in 1971. Suitable for light industry and agricultural-related industries, the industrial park is located at the southeast corner of the reservation, adjacent to the Maricopa-Casa Grande Highway and the Southern Pacific Railroad. As the landscape and terrain are ideal for growing crops, most of the land is primarily used for agriculture. The Ak-Chin Farms Enterprises manages these activities. 16,000 acres of Ak-Chin land are under irrigation. | |||
A water rights settlement approved by Congress in 1984 entitles the Ak-Chin Indian Community to 75,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water. The community is actively exploring demonstration projects and long-term investments to find alternative ways of conserving the life-giving water supply. Ak-Chin is also working diligently to upgrade the quality of residential water supplied as well as the efficiency of its sewer facilities so that health standards and conditions may be improved for members.<ref>[http://www.arizonaguied.com Official Guide of the Arizona Department of Tourism]</ref> | |||
In addition to agricultural activities, the Ak-Chin Community has developed a 100-acre industrial park. The 70,000-square-foot Harrah’s Ak-Chin Casino contributes greatly to the economy. The entire tribe participates in the United States’ first EcoMuseum, distinguished from a traditional museum in that land and territory replace the museum building and area residents take on the roles of curator and public. This museum houses prehistoric local artifacts owned by tribal families.<ref>http://www.azcommerce.com/SiteSel/Profiles/INDIAN+COMMUNITY+PROFILES.htm</ref> | |||
=== Records | Ak-Chin, located in a lush desert area, is 43 miles northwest of the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, which consists of wellpreserved remains of a central four-story building and several smaller outlying buildings constructed by the Hohokam Indians during the 13th century. West of Ak-Chin, low picturesque mountains enclose the scenic oasis on the desert. Remnants of other civilizations which inhabited the basin during earlier times are still in evidence. Major events held on the reservation include: [http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/us/st-francis-assisi-feast St. Francis Church Feast] (October); Honoring Past Chairman's Day (October); Annual Tribal Council Election (second Saturday in January); and the annual Ak-Chin Him-Dak Museum celebration (April).<ref>http://www.azcommerce.com/SiteSel/Profiles/INDIAN+COMMUNITY+PROFILES.htm</ref> | ||
===Records=== | |||
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br> | The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br> | ||
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]] | *[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]] | ||
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]] | *[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]] | ||
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]] | *[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]] | ||
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]] | *[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]] | ||
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]] | *[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]] | ||
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]] | *[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]] | ||
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]] | *[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]] | ||
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]] | *[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]] | ||
* | |||
* | |||
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Land Records:The land is tribally-owned.]] | |||
*<ref>Indian Reservations: A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by the Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, C. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2</ref> | |||
Tiffany, Sarah Y., Genealogy of a few Indian families of the Maracopa, Pima & Papago tribes, Genealogical Society of Utah, 1955, microfilm {{FHL | 2366}} | Tiffany, Sarah Y., Genealogy of a few Indian families of the Maracopa, Pima & Papago tribes, Genealogical Society of Utah, 1955, microfilm {{FHL | 2366}} | ||
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The Tumacacori census of 1796 {{FHL|874325}} | The Tumacacori census of 1796 {{FHL|874325}} | ||
=== Websites | ===Websites=== | ||
[http://www.itcaonline.com/tribes_akchin.html InterTribal Council of Arizona, Inc.] | * [http://www.itcaonline.com/tribes_akchin.html InterTribal Council of Arizona, Inc.] | ||
* [http://www.public.asu.edu/~ifmls/artinculturalcontextsfolder/ecomuseum.html Ak-Chin Him Dak Ecomuseum] | |||
* [http://www.ak-chin.nsn.us/runner.html Ak-Chin O'odham Runner newspaper] | |||
= | *[http://www.itcaonline.com/tribes_akchin.html Ak-Chin Indian Community] Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc. *[http://www.ak-chin.nsn.us/runner.html The Official Website of the Ak-Chin Indian Community] | ||
*[http://library.lib.asu.edu/record=b5049405 Constitution and By-Laws] for the Ak-Chin Indian Community. A copy of the Constitution and By-laws for this tribe is available at the Sandra Day O'Connor Law Library at Arizona State University. | |||
*[http://www.azcommerce.com/SiteSel/Profiles/INDIAN+COMMUNITY+PROFILES.htm Arizona Commerce Authority, Indian Community Profiles] | |||
*[http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=741979571&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD Cudel, Evelyne. High Incidence of Diabetes in the O'Odham Community Approach in Prevention and Control for a Native American Tribe]. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 1994, 1994. {{WorldCat|676815704}} | ===Bibliography=== | ||
*Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona. Ak-Chin Indian Community and the State of Arizona Gaming Compact, 2002. Phoenix, Ariz: Arizona Dept. of Gaming], 2002. {{WorldCat|52083094}} | |||
*Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona, Burton G. Hirsch, and Ralph Whitney Johnson. Law and Order Code of the Maricopa Ak-Chin Indian Community, Arizona. [Phoenix?]: The Community, 1975. {{WorldCat|57305506}} | *[http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=741979571&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD Cudel, Evelyne. High Incidence of Diabetes in the O'Odham Community Approach in Prevention and Control for a Native American Tribe]. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 1994, 1994. {{WorldCat|676815704}} | ||
*Ak-Chin O'Odham Runner. Maricopa, Ariz: Ak-Chin Indian Community, 1980. {{WorldCat| 30576049}} | *Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona. Ak-Chin Indian Community and the State of Arizona Gaming Compact, 2002. Phoenix, Ariz: Arizona Dept. of Gaming], 2002. {{WorldCat|52083094}} | ||
*Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs, Ak-Chin Indian Community, and Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Indian Community. Fort McDowell Report ; Maricopa (Ak-Chin) Report. [Phoenix, Ariz.]: Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs, 1960. {{WorldCat|20547970}} | *Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona, Burton G. Hirsch, and Ralph Whitney Johnson. Law and Order Code of the Maricopa Ak-Chin Indian Community, Arizona. [Phoenix?]: The Community, 1975. {{WorldCat|57305506}} | ||
*Marmaduke, William S. The Ak Chin Farm Project: Intensive Archaeological Survey of the Ak Chin Indian Reservation, West Half. Flagstaff, Ariz: Northland Research, 1983. {{WorldCat|9864196}} | *Ak-Chin O'Odham Runner. Maricopa, Ariz: Ak-Chin Indian Community, 1980. {{WorldCat| 30576049}} | ||
*Meneses, Diana M. "It Is What Holds Us Together As a People": A History of the Ak-Chin Indian Community. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 2009, 2009. {{WorldCat|644307287}} | *Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs, Ak-Chin Indian Community, and Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Indian Community. Fort McDowell Report ; Maricopa (Ak-Chin) Report. [Phoenix, Ariz.]: Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs, 1960. {{WorldCat|20547970}} | ||
*United States. Amending the Act Entitled "An Act Relating to the Water Rights of the Ak-Chin Indian Community" to Clarify Certain Provisions Concerning the Leasing of Such Water Rights, and for Other Purposes: Report (to Accompany H.R. 2647). Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 2000. {{WorldCat|45401702}} | *Marmaduke, William S. The Ak Chin Farm Project: Intensive Archaeological Survey of the Ak Chin Indian Reservation, West Half. Flagstaff, Ariz: Northland Research, 1983. {{WorldCat|9864196}} | ||
*United States. Jicarilla Apache Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act and Ak-Chin Water Use Amendments Act of 1992: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, on S. 2684 ... S. 2507 ... June 11, 1992, Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992. {{WorldCat|27322176}} | *Meneses, Diana M. "It Is What Holds Us Together As a People": A History of the Ak-Chin Indian Community. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 2009, 2009. {{WorldCat|644307287}} | ||
*United States. Maricopa (Ak-Chin) Indian Reservation: Pinal County, Arizona. Phoenix, Ariz: Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1988. {{WorldCat|18963538}} | *United States. Amending the Act Entitled "An Act Relating to the Water Rights of the Ak-Chin Indian Community" to Clarify Certain Provisions Concerning the Leasing of Such Water Rights, and for Other Purposes: Report (to Accompany H.R. 2647). Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 2000. {{WorldCat|45401702}} | ||
*Villegas, Olivia A. Tribal Management Procedures Study of the Maricopa Ak Chin Reservation. Tucson: Bureau of Ethnic Research, University of Arizona, 1974. {{WorldCat|2407934}} | *United States. Jicarilla Apache Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act and Ak-Chin Water Use Amendments Act of 1992: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, on S. 2684 ... S. 2507 ... June 11, 1992, Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992. {{WorldCat|27322176}} | ||
*W.S. Gookin & Associates. Report on the Maricopa Ak-Chin Reservation June 1970. Scottsdale, Ariz: W.S. Gookin & Associates, 1970. {{WorldCat|52952104}} | *United States. Maricopa (Ak-Chin) Indian Reservation: Pinal County, Arizona. Phoenix, Ariz: Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1988. {{WorldCat|18963538}} | ||
*Villegas, Olivia A. Tribal Management Procedures Study of the Maricopa Ak Chin Reservation. Tucson: Bureau of Ethnic Research, University of Arizona, 1974. {{WorldCat|2407934}} | |||
*W.S. Gookin & Associates. Report on the Maricopa Ak-Chin Reservation June 1970. Scottsdale, Ariz: W.S. Gookin & Associates, 1970. {{WorldCat|52952104}} | |||
*Wright, Winnie Doyle. Survey of Ak Chin Indian Reservation to Determine Educational Needs. Thesis--Arizona State University, 1973. {{WorldCat|2341540}} | *Wright, Winnie Doyle. Survey of Ak Chin Indian Reservation to Determine Educational Needs. Thesis--Arizona State University, 1973. {{WorldCat|2341540}} | ||
=== References | |||
===References=== | |||
{{reflist}} {{American Indian}} | {{reflist}} {{American Indian}} | ||
[[Category:Arizona_Indian_Tribes]] | [[Category:Arizona_Indian_Tribes]] | ||