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Compelling Reasons Why The Irish Emigrated: Difference between revisions
Compelling Reasons Why The Irish Emigrated (view source)
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[[Image:Dunseverick Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 24159.jpg|border|left|300x260px|Dunseverick Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 24159.jpg]] | [[Image:Dunseverick Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 24159.jpg|border|left|300x260px|Dunseverick Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 24159.jpg]] | ||
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== Why The Irish Left Their Homeland | ==Why The Irish Left Their Homeland== | ||
You see '''[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dunseverick_Harbour_-_geograph.org.uk_-_24159.jpg Dunseverick Harbour]''' in the image above. Many local people began their long emigration trail during the 1800s, being rowed out to catch a passing schooner bound for Glasgow or Londonderry where they would embark on one of the many emigrant ships to Australia, New Zealand or the Americas. | You see '''[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dunseverick_Harbour_-_geograph.org.uk_-_24159.jpg Dunseverick Harbour]''' in the image above. Many local people began their long emigration trail during the 1800s, being rowed out to catch a passing schooner bound for Glasgow or Londonderry where they would embark on one of the many emigrant ships to Australia, New Zealand or the Americas. | ||
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Here is a view of four core reasons that motivated or forced our Irish ancestry to turn their backs on their homeland, in order to thrive in a new existence abroad''':''' | Here is a view of four core reasons that motivated or forced our Irish ancestry to turn their backs on their homeland, in order to thrive in a new existence abroad''':''' | ||
=== Political Culture of Persecution | ===Political Culture of Persecution=== | ||
*Austere taxation and tithes policies | *Austere taxation and tithes policies | ||
*Continual doctrine of ‘Conquer and divide’ policies enacted over centuries seized and evicted lands from native Irish Catholics | *Continual doctrine of ‘Conquer and divide’ policies enacted over centuries seized and evicted lands from native Irish Catholics | ||
*Cruel landlords (not all) | *Cruel landlords (not all) | ||
*Sponsorship of land price increases ('rent-racking')--allowed to unbearable rate levels--tossed hordes of already poor families, ‘out onto the street’ | *Sponsorship of land price increases ('rent-racking')--allowed to unbearable rate levels--tossed hordes of already poor families, ‘out onto the street’ | ||
*Disallowance of land ownership for all Catholics | *Disallowance of land ownership for all Catholics | ||
=== Economic | ===Economic=== | ||
*British government backed England’s grain | *British government backed England’s grain exportation—but not Ireland’s; some farmers emigrated | ||
*New farming techniques increased output, decreasing the need for agricultural laborers | *New farming techniques increased output, decreasing the need for agricultural laborers | ||
*Manufacturing industries sprang up, causing less emphasis in farming | *Manufacturing industries sprang up, causing less emphasis in farming | ||
*Irish poor-law provided means by which vast numbers were granted mostly free passage to countries abroad | *Irish poor-law provided means by which vast numbers were granted mostly free passage to countries abroad | ||
=== Social and Religious | ===Social and Religious=== | ||
[[Image:Ireland Church Tower.jpg|thumb|right|290x230px]] | [[Image:Ireland Church Tower.jpg|thumb|right|290x230px]] | ||
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A culture of social and religious persecution by the local Protestant-led and British Crown government was manifest in— | A culture of social and religious persecution by the local Protestant-led and British Crown government was manifest in— | ||
*total distrust of Catholics’ loyalty to the Crown | *total distrust of Catholics’ loyalty to the Crown | ||
*Harsh Penal laws enacted by the Crown government from 1695, stripped many Nonconformists and all Catholics of their rights to— | *Harsh Penal laws enacted by the Crown government from 1695, stripped many Nonconformists and all Catholics of their rights to— | ||
*vote | *vote | ||
*practice law | *practice law | ||
*enter a profession | *enter a profession | ||
*hold public office | *hold public office | ||
*receive an education | *receive an education | ||
*practice their own religion outside of the Protestant faith | *practice their own religion outside of the Protestant faith | ||
*serve as officers in British armed forces | *serve as officers in British armed forces | ||
*teach in, or enroll in colleges | *teach in, or enroll in colleges | ||
*defend themselves with weapons | *defend themselves with weapons | ||
*be employed or an employer in a trade or in commerce | *be employed or an employer in a trade or in commerce | ||
*build a church or live within 5 miles of the civil parish church | *build a church or live within 5 miles of the civil parish church | ||
*own a horse of greater value than five pounds | *own a horse of greater value than five pounds | ||
*purchase nor lease land | *purchase nor lease land | ||
*hold a life annuity | *hold a life annuity | ||
*buy or receive a gift of land from a Protestant | *buy or receive a gift of land from a Protestant | ||
*inherit land or moveables from a Protestant | *inherit land or moveables from a Protestant | ||
*rent any land that was worth more than thirty shillings a year | *rent any land that was worth more than thirty shillings a year | ||
*reap from his land any profit exceeding a third of the rent | *reap from his land any profit exceeding a third of the rent | ||
*be a guardian to a child | *be a guardian to a child | ||
*leave infant children under Catholic guardianship | *leave infant children under Catholic guardianship | ||
*accept a mortgage on land in security for a loan | *accept a mortgage on land in security for a loan | ||
*attend Catholic worship | *attend Catholic worship | ||
*choose between attendance in a Catholic, or a Protestant place of worship | *choose between attendance in a Catholic, or a Protestant place of worship | ||
*educate his child | *educate his child | ||
*be instructed by a local Catholic teacher nor be educated abroad | *be instructed by a local Catholic teacher nor be educated abroad | ||
=== Crop Failures | ===Crop Failures=== | ||
*Devastating crop failures—especially from 1846 to 1851 decimated or starved to death, nearly a million people | *Devastating crop failures—especially from 1846 to 1851 decimated or starved to death, nearly a million people | ||
*British government’s lack of food aid to Ireland during The Great Famine | *British government’s lack of food aid to Ireland during The Great Famine forced nearly half the surviving population to leave Ireland | ||
*Famine brought abject poverty, severe malnutrition inducing poor health, and affected (to some--even death) 3-4 million Irish | *Famine brought abject poverty, severe malnutrition inducing poor health, and affected (to some--even death) 3-4 million Irish | ||
*During the Great Famine years: Grains out of Ireland, were exported to England, while Irish were dying from the famine | *During the Great Famine years: Grains out of Ireland, were exported to England, while Irish were dying from the famine | ||
=== Further Reading | ===Further Reading=== | ||
O hEithir, Breandan, ''A Pocket History of Ireland'', The O'Brien Press, Dublin, Ireland, 1989 | O hEithir, Breandan, ''A Pocket History of Ireland'', The O'Brien Press, Dublin, Ireland, 1989 | ||
[http://books.google.com/books?id=jLtnAAAAMAAJ&dq=A+Pocket+History+of+Ireland&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=8OdMS7nFFZG2lAeko4CODQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CB8Q6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=&f=false MacManus, Seamus, The Story of the Irish Race], The New York Irish Publishing Co., 1921 | [http://books.google.com/books?id=jLtnAAAAMAAJ&dq=A+Pocket+History+of+Ireland&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=8OdMS7nFFZG2lAeko4CODQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CB8Q6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=&f=false MacManus, Seamus, The Story of the Irish Race], The New York Irish Publishing Co., 1921 | ||
[[Category:Ireland Emigration and Immigration]] | [[Category:Ireland Emigration and Immigration]] | ||