Chile History: Difference between revisions

Chile History (view source)

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+Republic of Chile
+República de Chile  (Spanish)
+Chile Wüdalmapu  (Mapudungun)
+Chili Suyu  (Aymara)
+Chili Ripuwlika  (Quechua)
+Repūvirika o Tire  (Rapa Nui)
+Flag of Chile
+Flag
+{{{coat_alt}}}
+Coat of arms
+Motto:
+Por la razón o la fuerza
+(English: "By Right or Might") [1]
+Anthem:
+National Anthem of Chile
+MENU0:00
+CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg
+Capital
+and largest city	Santiagoa
+°26′S 70°40′W
+National language	Spanish
+Ethnic groups (2012[2])
+% White
+% Mestizo
+.7% Amerindian
+.1% Other
+.2% Unspecified
+Demonym	Chilean
+Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
+• President
+Sebastián Piñera
+• Senate President
+Carlos Montes Cisternas
+• President of the Chamber of Deputies
+Maya Fernández
+Legislature	National Congress
+• Upper house
+Senate
+• Lower house
+Chamber of Deputies
+Independence from Spain
+• Government Junta
+September 18, 1810
+• Declared
+February 12, 1818
+• Recognized
+April 25, 1844
+• Current constitution
+September 11, 1980
+Area
+• Total
+,096.3[3] km2 (291,930.4 sq mi) (37th)
+• Water (%)
+.07b
+Population
+• 2017 census
+,574,003[4] (64th)
+• Density
+/km2 (62.2/sq mi) (198th)
+GDP (PPP)	2018 estimate
+• Total
+$481 billion[5] (42nd)
+• Per capita
+$25,891[5] (53rd)
+GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
+• Total
+$300 billion[5] (38th)
+• Per capita
+$16,143[5] (41st)
+Gini (2015)	Positive decrease 47.7[6]
+high
+HDI (2017)	Steady 0.843[7]
+very high · 44th
+Currency	Peso (CLP)
+Time zone	UTC−3 and −5 (CLT and EASTc)
+Driving side	right
+Calling code	+56
+ISO 3166 code	CL
+Internet TLD	.cl
+Legislature is based in Valparaíso.
+Includes Easter Island and Isla Sala y Gómez; does not include 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of territory claimed in Antarctica.
 ===History===
+Chile is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania.
-=== Timeline ===
+The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.
-'''1520''' Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to sight Chilean shores.
-'''1536''' Chile was claimed as part of the Spanish Empire.
+Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule in the north and centre, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818, Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic. In the 19th century, Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth, ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879–83) after defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the 1960s and 1970s, the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil.
-'''1540''' Pedro de Valdivia led a group of men into Chile. He founded Santiago in 1541.
-'''1561–1810''' Chile was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
-'''1593'''The first Jesuits arrived in Chile. They were an important element in Chilean education and culture until they were expelled from Chile in 1767.
-'''1810–1814, 1817–1818''' Chile obtained independence from Spain.
-'''1823–1839''' The Federation of Central America was formed, headquartered in Guatemala. Each of the new republics left the federation by 1839.
-'''1870–1920''' Millions of immigrants from Europe and Asia settled in Latin America, including Chile, and influenced local culture and ethnic composition.
-'''1879–1883''' Chile waged the War of the Pacific against Bolivia and Peru. Chile gained the mineral-rich Atacama Desert region and occupied Lima for a few years. Bolivia lost access to the Pacific Ocean.
-'''1883'''The Mapuche Indians were subdued.
-'''1925''' A new constitution reestablished presidential rule, separation of church and state, and embodied social justice codes.
+The modern sovereign state of Chile is among South America's most economically and socially stable and prosperous nations, with a high-income economy and high living standards. It leads Latin American nations in rankings of human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, state of peace, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. It also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state, and democratic development. Currently it also has the lowest homicide rate in South America.
+<br>
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile]
+=== Timeline ===
+- Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to sight Chilean shores<br>
+- Chile was claimed as part of the Spanish Empire<br>
+-  Pedro de Valdivia led a group of men into Chile. He founded Santiago in 1541<br>
+–1810  Chile was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru<br>
+- The first Jesuits arrived in Chile. They were an important element in Chilean education and culture until they were expelled from Chile in 1767<br>
+–1814 - 1817–1818  Chile obtained independence from Spain<br>
+–1839  The Federation of Central America was formed, headquartered in Guatemala. Each of the new republics left the federation by 1839<br>
+–1920 Millions of immigrants from Europe and Asia settled in Latin America, including Chile, and influenced local culture and ethnic composition<br>
+–1883 Chile waged the War of the Pacific against Bolivia and Peru. Chile gained the mineral-rich Atacama Desert region and occupied Lima for a few years. Bolivia lost access to the Pacific Ocean<br>
+- The Mapuche Indians were subdued<br>
+- A new constitution reestablished presidential rule, separation of church and state, and embodied social justice codes<br>
 The Family History Library has some published histories for Chile. You can find histories in the FamilySearch Catalog under one of the following: