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{{AfrAm-sidebar}}''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[African American Research|African American Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Quick_Guide_to_African_American_Records|Search Stategies]]''
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| [[Image:PowersBibleQuilt 1898.jpg|thumb|right|400px|<center>Powers Bible quilt 1898</center>]]This ''Search Strategies'' section describes:<br><br>
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*Strategies for discovering your African American ancestors in various periods of history:<br>
| link5=[[Quick Guide to African American Records|Search Strategies]]
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[[Image:PowersBibleQuilt 1898.jpg|thumb|right|400px|<center>Powers Bible quilt 1898</center>]]
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__TOC__


:*Beginning Your Search
:*Searching Recent Records
:*Searching Transition Records from Slavery to Freedom
:*Searching Records for Slaves
Most of these records are available through the [[Family History Library]] and [[Introduction to LDS Family History Centers|Family History Centers]]. The letters '''''FHL''''' begin the Family History Library call number of the record described.<br><br>
{{TOC left}}
{{Click|Image:AA_ORP.png|African_American_Online_Genealogy_Records}}
{{Click|Image:AA_ORP.png|African_American_Online_Genealogy_Records}}
=== Beginning Your Search  ===


:*Write down what your family knows about your ancestors.
== Introduction ==
:*Record names, dates, and places on family group record forms and pedigree charts.
This section describes strategies for discovering African American ancestors in various periods of history:
:*See [[How to Begin a Search for Your Ancestor|''How Do I Begin?'']] for more information.
*Beginning Your Search
*Searching Recent Records
*Searching Transition Records from Slavery to Freedom
*Searching Records for Slaves
Most of these records are available through the [https://www.familysearch.org/ FamilySearch] or other similar websites, such as [https://www.ancestry.com/ Ancestry] and [https://www.myheritage.com/ MyHeritage].  


{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="700" border="1" align="center"
== Beginning Your Search  ==
|-
=== Gathering Information ===
! bgcolor="#ffffcc" align="center" scope="col" | '''Tips'''
To begin researching, write down what your family knows about your ancestors. Interview the older generation, including grandparents, aunts, and uncles. The knowledge gained from interviewing these relatives will be beneficial in finding ancestors in the actual records. Record and keep track of names, dates, and places on family group record forms or other such documents.
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffcc" |
=== Research Tips ===
Here are some tips when researching:
*Search as many kinds of records as you can find to document the lives of your family back to 1870.  
*Search as many kinds of records as you can find to document the lives of your family back to 1870.  
*Study the lives of all family members, including aunts, uncles, and cousins—not just your direct ancestors.  
*Study the lives of all family members, including aunts, uncles, and cousins—not just your direct ancestors.  
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*If your ancestor is not in a "colored" register, try the "white" register. Your ancestor’s race may not have been accurately recorded.
*If your ancestor is not in a "colored" register, try the "white" register. Your ancestor’s race may not have been accurately recorded.


|}
See [[How to Begin a Search for Your Ancestor|''How Do I Begin?'']] for more information.
|}
 
==== Searching Recent Records  ====
=== Searching Recent Records  ===


Start with the most recent generations. Look at general federal and state records and then look at records specifically for African Americans.  
Start with the most recent generations. Look at general federal and state records and then look at records specifically for African Americans.  


For step-by-step instructions for finding African American families in recent U.S. records, see ''Finding Records of Your Ancestors, Part A: African American, 1870 to Present.''
For more instructions on finding African American families in recent U.S. records, see [https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/tracing-africanamerican-ancestors/ Tracing Your African-American Ancestors].
 
==== General United States Records  ====
===== General U. S. Records  =====
 
1. Search United States records, as described in the [[United States]] Wiki page such as:


1. Search United States records, as described in the [[United States]] Wiki page, such as:
:*[[United States Census|Census records]]  
:*[[United States Census|Census records]]  
:*[[United States Military Records|Military records]]  
:*[[United States Military Records|Military records]]  
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:*[[Social Security Death Index (SSDI)|Social Security Death Index]]
:*[[Social Security Death Index (SSDI)|Social Security Death Index]]


:You can see more information about these topics by clicking on them.
:You can see more information about these records by clicking on them.
 
2. Search records from the [[United States#States|state]] where your ancestor lived.  


:*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ Cemetery records]<br>
2. Search records from the [[United States#States|state]] where your ancestor lived, including:.
:*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ Cemetery records]
:*City directories  
:*City directories  
:*Church records<br>
:*Church records
:*Court records  
:*Court records  
:*Land records  
:*Land records  
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:*Voting records
:*Voting records


These records are described in the Wiki pages for each state.  
:These records are described in the Wiki pages for each state.  


3. Study the local histories for each town, county, and state where your ancestor lived.  
3. Study the local histories for each town, county, and state where your ancestor lived.  
:*Look for information on African American churches, schools, and cemeteries.  
:*Look for information on African American churches, schools, and cemeteries.  
:*Learn about local laws that affected your ancestors: Did African Americans vote? Did they have a curfew? Were there laws specifically for African Americans?
:*Learn about local laws that affected your ancestors: Did African Americans vote? Did they have a curfew? Were there laws specifically for African Americans?


4. An excellent guide that carefully explains how to search for your ancestors is:  
4. An excellent guide that carefully explains how to search for your ancestors is:  
 
:*Woodtor, Dee Parmer. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40331192 Finding a Place Called Home: An African American Guide to Genealogical and Historical Identity]''. New York: Random House, 1999. {{FHL| 973 F2wd}}. This explains basic as well as complex research techniques. It includes unique sources such as the records of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
*Woodtor, Dee Parmer. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40331192 Finding a Place Called Home: An African American Guide to Genealogical and Historical Identity]''. New York: Random House, 1999. {{FHL| 973 F2wd}}. This explains basic as well as complex research techniques. It includes unique sources such as the records of the Freedmen’s Bureau.


5. Join an African American Genealogical Society in your area or the area where your ancestors lived.  
5. Join an African American Genealogical Society in your area or the area where your ancestors lived.  


===== African American Records  =====
==== African American Records  ====


African American records at the Family History Library are listed in the bibliography below. Look for records from the place and time your ancestor lived.  
African American records at the Family History Library are listed in the bibliography below. Look for records from the place and time your ancestor lived.  


*Taylor, Marie. [https://www.familysearch.org/s/catalog/show?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.familysearch.org%3A8080%2Fwww-catalogapi-webservice%2Fitem%2F956235&hash=HloWXpZgU9zB10k5M56iYku8TUc%253D ''Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''. ]Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 F23tm}} &amp; {{FHL| 6002568}}.) This bibliography:
*Taylor, Marie. [https://www.familysearch.org/s/catalog/show?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.familysearch.org%3A8080%2Fwww-catalogapi-webservice%2Fitem%2F956235&hash=HloWXpZgU9zB10k5M56iYku8TUc%253D ''Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''. ]Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL call no. 973 F23tm}})  
 
:This bibliography:
:*Has citations for about 3,320 African American sources.  
:*Has citations for about 3,320 African American sources.  
:*Includes Canadian records.  
:*Includes Canadian records.  
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:*Search the "Bibliography Arranged by Locality" section for records from the U.S. state or Canadian province where your ancestor lived. Each state or province has a subject section, followed by a section for each county.
:*Search the "Bibliography Arranged by Locality" section for records from the U.S. state or Canadian province where your ancestor lived. Each state or province has a subject section, followed by a section for each county.


Note: To download pages or to peruse pages continuously rather than one-at-a-time, select Print Version&nbsp;Part&nbsp;1&nbsp;(Alabama - Ohio: Jackson County) or Print Version&nbsp;Part 2&nbsp;(Ohio: Jackson County - Wisconsin: Milwaukee County and Canada: Alberta - Quebec.) Below Part 1 or Part 2 select Print Version to print or view.  
Note: To download pages or to peruse pages continuously rather than one-at-a-time, select Print Version Part 1 (Alabama - Ohio: Jackson County) or Print Version Part 2 (Ohio: Jackson County - Wisconsin: Milwaukee County and Canada: Alberta - Quebec.) Below Part 1 or Part 2 select Print Version to print or view.  


:Over the years African American sources have been cataloged in many different ways at the Family History Library. This Bibliography was created to make the African American genealogical sources easier to locate. For example:
:Over the years African American sources have been cataloged in many different ways at the Family History Library. This Bibliography was created to make the African American genealogical sources easier to locate. For example:
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:*Local court, land, and probate records. The lives of free African Americans were still closely regulated by law and custom.
:*Local court, land, and probate records. The lives of free African Americans were still closely regulated by law and custom.


=== Searching Transition Records from Slavery to Freedom  ===
== Searching Transition Records from Slavery to Freedom  ==
For more instructions on finding African American families in records, see [https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/tracing-africanamerican-ancestors/ Tracing Your African-American Ancestors].


==== Records of the Underground Railroad  ====
=== Records of the Underground Railroad  ===


Many slaves "stole" themselves and escaped north into Canada and freedom from the fugitive slave laws that required their return from northern states. See:  
Many slaves "stole" themselves and escaped north into Canada and freedom from the fugitive slave laws that required their return from northern states. See:  


*Taylor, Marie. ''{{FSbook|60362}} Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''. Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 F23tm}} &amp; {{FHL| 6002568}}.) Look under "Migration" in both the "Subject" and "Locality" sections. (For&nbsp;help&nbsp;see "Note" under the heading, African American Records.)  
*Taylor, Marie. ''{{FSbook|60362}} Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''. Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 F23tm}} &amp; {{FHL| 6002568}}.) Look under "Migration" in both the "Subject" and "Locality" sections. (For help see "Note" under the heading, African American Records.)  
*National Underground Railroad Freedom Center at [http://tinyurl.com/6sktldj Freedman's Bank Records] (accessed&nbsp;22&nbsp;Dec.&nbsp;2011).  
*National Underground Railroad Freedom Center at [http://tinyurl.com/6sktldj Freedman's Bank Records] (accessed 22 Dec. 2011).  
*National Geographic, [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad/j1.html "The Underground Railroad"]&nbsp; (accessed&nbsp;22 Dec.&nbsp;2011).  
*National Geographic, [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad/j1.html "The Underground Railroad"] (accessed 22 Dec. 2011).  
*See the tutorial at FamilySearch Learning Center on the&nbsp;[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/national-underground-railroad-activities-and-accomplishments/147 "National Underground Railroad: Activities and Accomplishments"]
*See the tutorial at FamilySearch Learning Center on the [https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/national-underground-railroad-activities-and-accomplishments/147 "National Underground Railroad: Activities and Accomplishments"]


==== Making the Slave Connection  ====
=== Making the Slave Connection  ===


[[Image:James Hopkinsons Plantation Slaves Planting Sweet Potatoes.jpg|thumb|right|400px|<center>James Hopkinson's plantation slaves planting sweet potatoes</center>]]You must first identify the slave owner, and then study the owner’s records for clues to your family. Correctly identifying your ancestor in slave records is difficult. Even professional researchers are successful only about 50 percent of the time.<br><br>  
[[Image:James Hopkinsons Plantation Slaves Planting Sweet Potatoes.jpg|thumb|right|400px|<center>James Hopkinson's plantation slaves planting sweet potatoes</center>]]You must first identify the slave owner, and then study the owner’s records for clues to your family. Correctly identifying your ancestor in slave records is difficult. Even professional researchers are successful only about 50 percent of the time.<br><br>  
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Keep in mind that only about 15 percent of former slaves took their last slave owner’s surname. Some took the surname of people they admired, such as Lincoln or Washington, and some took a surname they had been using for many years without the knowledge of the slave owner.  
Keep in mind that only about 15 percent of former slaves took their last slave owner’s surname. Some took the surname of people they admired, such as Lincoln or Washington, and some took a surname they had been using for many years without the knowledge of the slave owner.  


==== Sources for identifying the slave owner:  ====
=== Sources for identifying the slave owner ===


===== Military Records  =====
==== Military Records  ====


[[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops (USCT) in Civil War service]] and pension records. These records list the date and place of birth of the soldier and may name the last slave owner.  
[[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops (USCT) in Civil War service]] and pension records. These records list the date and place of birth of the soldier and may name the last slave owner.  
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:*Wiki [[United States#States|Pages for the states]] where your ancestors lived.
:*Wiki [[United States#States|Pages for the states]] where your ancestors lived.


===== Freedman’s Savings and Trust Records  =====
==== Freedman’s Savings and Trust Records  ====


Registers of Signatures of Depositors in Branches of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, 1865–1874. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0816. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1969. {{FHL| 0928571}}  
Registers of Signatures of Depositors in Branches of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, 1865–1874. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0816. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1969. {{FHL| 0928571}}  
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:*Note: Do not confuse records of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company with records of the Freedmen's Bureau listed below. When the trust company closed, the Freedmen’s Bureau tried to recover the money. Freedmen’s Bureau records are part of National Archives Record Group 105.
:*Note: Do not confuse records of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company with records of the Freedmen's Bureau listed below. When the trust company closed, the Freedmen’s Bureau tried to recover the money. Freedmen’s Bureau records are part of National Archives Record Group 105.


===== Freedmen’s Bureau  =====
==== Freedmen’s Bureau  ====


There are two sets in Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen's and Abandond Land (Freedmen’s Bureau) collection: commissioner’s records and field office records. The field office records are the most useful, but can be searched only at the National Archives.  
There are two sets in Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen's and Abandond Land (Freedmen’s Bureau) collection: commissioner’s records and field office records. The field office records are the most useful, but can be searched only at the National Archives.  
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More information on the [[United States Freedmen’s Bureau Letters (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Freedmen's Bureau]] is available at the wiki.  
More information on the [[United States Freedmen’s Bureau Letters (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Freedmen's Bureau]] is available at the wiki.  


===== Southern Claims Commission Records  =====
==== Southern Claims Commission Records  ====


United States. House of Representatives. Commissioners of Claims. Records of the [[Southern Claims Commission|Commissioners of Claims ]]1871–1880. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0087. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1945. {{FHL| 1463963}}  
United States. House of Representatives. Commissioners of Claims. Records of the [[Southern Claims Commission|Commissioners of Claims ]]1871–1880. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0087. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1945. {{FHL| 1463963}}  
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Mills, Gary B. Southern Loyalists in the Civil War: The Southern Claims Commission. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing, 1994. {{FHL| 975 M2s}} Gives the name of the claimant, his or her county and state, the commission number, office and report numbers, and the year and status of the claim.  
Mills, Gary B. Southern Loyalists in the Civil War: The Southern Claims Commission. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing, 1994. {{FHL| 975 M2s}} Gives the name of the claimant, his or her county and state, the commission number, office and report numbers, and the year and status of the claim.  


===== American Slave Narratives  =====
==== American Slave Narratives  ====


In the 1930s the WPA Writers Project compiled over 3,500 typescript interviews of former American slaves. Access and indexes are available through:  
In the 1930s the WPA Writers Project compiled over 3,500 typescript interviews of former American slaves. Access and indexes are available through:  


:*Library of Congress' free Internet site that indexes 2,300 narratives in ''[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project]''.  
:*Library of Congress' free Internet site that indexes 2,300 narratives in ''[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project]''.  
:*Ancestry.com's ($) subscription site of 3,500 slave narratives, or&nbsp;free at selected libraries.  
:*Ancestry.com's ($) subscription site of 3,500 slave narratives, or free at selected libraries.  
:*Howard E. Potts, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36284310 A Comprehensive Name Index for the American Slave]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997) {{FHL| 973 F22p}}.  
:*Howard E. Potts, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36284310 A Comprehensive Name Index for the American Slave]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997) {{FHL| 973 F22p}}.  
:*University of North Carolina's free site ''[http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/ North American Slave Narratives]''.
:*University of North Carolina's free site ''[http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/ North American Slave Narratives]''.
:*[http://www.fullbooks.com/Slave-Narratives-A-Folk-History-of-Slaveryx1026.html Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery]
:*[http://www.fullbooks.com/Slave-Narratives-A-Folk-History-of-Slaveryx1026.html Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery]


===== Apprenticeship and Orphans’ Records  =====
==== Apprenticeship and Orphans’ Records  ====


See both Freedmen’s Bureau and county court records for information on guardianship and apprentices. Former slave owners often became the legal guardians of infants and small children. Orphans old enough to work were also apprenticed to the former slave owner.  
See both Freedmen’s Bureau and county court records for information on guardianship and apprentices. Former slave owners often became the legal guardians of infants and small children. Orphans old enough to work were also apprenticed to the former slave owner.  


===== Another Way of Identifying the Slave Owner  =====
==== Another Way of Identifying the Slave Owner  ====


If the sources listed above do not help you identify a slave owner, try the following technique:  
If the sources listed above do not help you identify a slave owner, try the following technique:  
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#If you don’t find a match, try to find out if the family moved from a different location. If so, repeat this process as you check the census records for the other location.
#If you don’t find a match, try to find out if the family moved from a different location. If so, repeat this process as you check the census records for the other location.


=== Searching Records for Slaves  ===
== Searching Records for Slaves  ==
For more instructions on finding African American families in records, see [https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/tracing-africanamerican-ancestors/ Tracing Your African-American Ancestors].


When you know the slave owner’s name or if you have a list of possibilities:  
When you know the slave owner’s name or if you have a list of possibilities:  
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2. Look for the slave owner’s name in:  
2. Look for the slave owner’s name in:  


:*Federal census schedules, 1850 and 1860. Slave schedules give the age and sex of each slave. For information on using slave schedules, see: [[United States Census Slave Schedule, 1850 (FamilySearch Historical Records)|United States Census Slave Schedule, 1850 (FamilySearch Historical Records)]] and [[U.S. Census Slave Schedule, 1860|U.S. Census Slave Schedule, 1860]]&nbsp;which&nbsp;each contain a section, ''How to Use the Collection.''  
:*Federal census schedules, 1850 and 1860. Slave schedules give the age and sex of each slave. For information on using slave schedules, see: [[United States Census Slave Schedule, 1850 (FamilySearch Historical Records)|United States Census Slave Schedule, 1850 (FamilySearch Historical Records)]] and [[U.S. Census Slave Schedule, 1860|U.S. Census Slave Schedule, 1860]] which each contain a section, ''How to Use the Collection.''  
:*The 1850 and 1860 federal census mortality schedules. These give the names of slaves who died and the names of the slave owners.  
:*The 1850 and 1860 federal census mortality schedules. These give the names of slaves who died and the names of the slave owners.  
:*Tax records. These list slaves and their monetary value.  
:*Tax records. These list slaves and their monetary value.  
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See Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources for the films and guide books for this collection. Whenever possible, these records are listed under the county or state where the plantation was located. They are then listed alphabetically by the name of the slave owner.  
See Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources for the films and guide books for this collection. Whenever possible, these records are listed under the county or state where the plantation was located. They are then listed alphabetically by the name of the slave owner.  


==== Other Slave Owners  ====
=== Other Slave Owners  ===


Several large industries owned slaves. See:  
Several large industries owned slaves. See:  
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*Native American records. Slaves are often listed as members of the tribe.  
*Native American records. Slaves are often listed as members of the tribe.  
*[http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/ African-Native American&nbsp;Genealogy Homepage]&nbsp;containing Indian Freedmen Records of Okalahoma, Black Families&nbsp;of the Mississippi Choctaw, and Eastern Cherokee Records sites.&nbsp;
*[http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/ African-Native American Genealogy Homepage] containing Indian Freedmen Records of Oklahoma, Black Families of the Mississippi Choctaw, and Eastern Cherokee Records sites.


=== Emancipation Time Line ===
== Emancipation Timeline ==


Slavery began in 1620 in the colonies. The following are key dates for emancipation:  
Slavery began in 1620 in the colonies. The following are key dates for emancipation:  
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:1865 Last slaves in America freed on 19 June.
:1865 Last slaves in America freed on 19 June.


=== Guidebooks and Histories  ===
== Guidebooks and Histories  ==


Walker, James D. Black Genealogy: How to Begin. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia, Center for Continuing Education, 1977. {{FHL|973 F27w.}}  
Walker, James D. Black Genealogy: How to Begin. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia, Center for Continuing Education, 1977. {{FHL|973 F27w.}}  
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*Available for a fee on the Internet at:
*Available for a fee on the Internet at:


[http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/biog.html#dict Boston University Libraries: Reseach Guides&nbsp;]&nbsp; scroll down to ''Dictionaries and Encyclopedias'' to access ''African American Women: A biographical Dictionary. 1993&nbsp; ''Also included in this listing is the following:  
[http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/biog.html#dict Boston University Libraries: Research Guides ] scroll down to ''Dictionaries and Encyclopedias'' to access ''African American Women: A biographical Dictionary. 1993 ''Also included in this listing is the following:  


''African American National Biography. 8 vols. 2008 ''contains biographical entries, historical and contemporary, for 4100 African Americans indexed alphabetically, arranged by birthplace&nbsp;and by subject area and realm of renown; as well as a list of African American prizewinners, medalists, members of Congress, and judges.  
''African American National Biography. 8 vols. 2008 ''contains biographical entries, historical and contemporary, for 4100 African Americans indexed alphabetically, arranged by birthplace and by subject area and realm of renown; as well as a list of African American prizewinners, medalists, members of Congress, and judges.  


=== Tutorials at FamilySearch Learning Center  ===
== Tutorials at FamilySearch Learning Center  ==


''View these lectures online for an in depth training experience:''  
''View these lectures online for an in depth training experience:''  
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*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/ancestors-season-1-african-american-research/164 Ancestors Season 1: African American Research]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/ancestors-season-1-african-american-research/164 Ancestors Season 1: African American Research]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/african-american-genealogical-research-at-the-library-of-congress/63 African American Genealogical Research at the Library of Congress]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/african-american-genealogical-research-at-the-library-of-congress/63 African American Genealogical Research at the Library of Congress]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/library-resources-at-the-new-england-historic-genealogical-society/113 Library&nbsp;Resources at New England Historical Genealogical Society]&nbsp;
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/library-resources-at-the-new-england-historic-genealogical-society/113 Library Resources at New England Historical Genealogical Society]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/avoid-traps-in-african-american-genealogy/77 Avoid Traps in African American Genealogy]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/avoid-traps-in-african-american-genealogy/77 Avoid Traps in African American Genealogy]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22United+States%22&resultListItem=4 Finding the Slave Generation]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22United+States%22&resultListItem=4 Finding the Slave Generation]  
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*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/finding-records-of-your-ancestors-1870-present/155 Finding Records of Your Ancestors 1870-Present]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/finding-records-of-your-ancestors-1870-present/155 Finding Records of Your Ancestors 1870-Present]


=== Internet Sites ===
== Websites ==


*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/ Afrigeneas: African Ancestored Genealogy] Supports research of African American ancestors.  
*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/ Afrigeneas: African Ancestored Genealogy] Supports research of African American ancestors.  
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*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ African American Cemeteries Online]  
*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ African American Cemeteries Online]  
*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/aacensus/ African American Census Schedules Online]  
*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/aacensus/ African American Census Schedules Online]  
*[http://tinyurl.com/7gvnpku List of Slavery Sites Accessible on the Web through Brown University]&nbsp;
*[http://tinyurl.com/7gvnpku List of Slavery Sites Accessible on the Web through Brown University]
*University of North Carolina - Greensboro's [http://library.uncg.edu/slavery/pSearch.aspx?s=2 Digital Library on American Slavery] has digitized details about American slaves from thousands of court and legislative petitions filed between 1775 and 1867 in 15 different states.&nbsp; Search by name, search by petition or browse subjects.
*University of North Carolina - Greensboro's [http://library.uncg.edu/slavery/pSearch.aspx?s=2 Digital Library on American Slavery] has digitized details about American slaves from thousands of court and legislative petitions filed between 1775 and 1867 in 15 different states. Search by name, search by petition or browse subjects.
*[http://slavebiographies.org/search.php Slave Biographies (Atlanta Database Network)]
*[http://slavebiographies.org/search.php Slave Biographies (Atlanta Database Network)]
*[http://barbsnow.net/AfricanAmerican.htm A classroom guide to African American genealogy]
*[http://barbsnow.net/AfricanAmerican.htm A classroom guide to African American genealogy]
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