Australia History: Difference between revisions

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 ===History===
+Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. The population of 25 million is highly urbanized and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard.
-===Timeline===
+Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians for about 60,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century. It is documented that Aborigines spoke languages that can be classified into about 250 groups. After the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, who named it New Holland, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788, a date which became Australia's national day.
-The following are some key dates and events in the history of Australia:
+Australia is the oldest, flattest and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils, and has a landmass of 2,941,300 sq miles. A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s, which boosted their population. Indigenous Australian rock art is the oldest and richest in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years.
-'''1788:'''The European settlement of Australia began with the English establishment of a penal colony at Sydney Cove, Port Jackson. Its initial population was more than 1,000 convicts and military personnel, known today as "First Fleeters."
+Australia is a highly developed country, with the world's 13th-largest economy. It is also  a regional power and has the world's 13th-highest military expenditure. Australia has the world's 9th largest immigrant population with immigrants accounting for 26% of the population. Having the third-highest human development index and the eighth-highest ranked democracy globally, the country ranks highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights.
+<br>
-'''1790:'''The second fleet arrived in June and saved the colony from starvation. The population of the colony numbered more than 1,700.
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia]
+===Timeline===
-'''1791:'''The third fleet arrived in August to October and included the first Irish transportees. The population of the colony numbered nearly 2,900 and included 87 free settlers, 44 of which were former convicts. The rest of the free settlers were discharged seamen and marines.
+-  European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers, who named it New Holland<br>
+- The European settlement of Australia began with the English establishment of a penal colony at Sydney Cove, Port Jackson. Its initial population was more than 1,000 convicts and military personnel<br>
-'''1793:'''The first free settler immigrants arrived in January.
+- The first free settler immigrants arrived in January<br>
+- The first settlement in Van Dieman’s Land, called Tasmania since 1856,) was founded at Risdon Cove. The settlement was later moved to the present-day site of Hobart.<br>
-'''1803:'''Australia’s first newspaper, the weekly Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, began publication in March.
+- Van Dieman’s Land was proclaimed a separate colony, independent of New South Wales<br>
+- Registration of births, marriages, and deaths in each parish was required by law<br>
-The first settlement in Van Dieman’s Land (called Tasmania since 1856) was founded at Risdon Cove. The settlement was later moved to the present-day site of Hobart.
+- The first regular census was taken in New South Wales. The population was estimated at 36,598, including 15,728 convicts<br>
+- New Zealand was proclaimed a colony, independent of New South Wales<br>
-'''1825:'''Van Dieman’s Land was proclaimed a separate colony, independent of New South Wales.
+- Government-assisted immigration to Australia began<br>
+- The "bounty" system of assisted immigration ceased operation.<br>
-'''1826:'''Registration of births, marriages, and deaths in each parish was required by law.
+s - The Australian Gold Rush brought prospectors and emigrants from all over the world. More than a half million people emigrated to Australia during that decade<br>
+- The area later known as the Northern Territory annexed from New South Wales to South Australia. It remained under South Australian administration until 1911, when the Commonwealth assumed administration<br>
-'''1828:'''The first regular census was taken in New South Wales. The population was estimated at 36,598, including 15,728 convicts.
+- Australia became a Commonwealth<br>
+- The Australian Capital Territory was vested, and the Commonwealth took over the administration of the Northern Territory<br>
-The Swan River area of Western Australia was settled. The following year it was proclaimed a colony, and the site for Perth was selected.
-'''1835:'''The "bounty" system of assisted immigration began operating.
-'''1836:'''The Church Act gave all churches equal status.
-'''1836:'''South Australia was proclaimed a colony, and 1837 the first settlement of Adelaide was established.
-'''1838:'''New Zealand was proclaimed a colony, independent of New South Wales, on 3 May.
-'''1839:'''Government-assisted immigration to Australia began.
-'''1840:'''By "order in council," New South Wales stopped receiving convicts. The order was rescinded by the British government in 1848, but few convicts were received thereafter.
-'''1841:''' The "bounty" system of assisted immigration ceased operation.<br>
-'''1842:'''Electoral rolls, a valuable census of those eligible to vote, began to be published each election year in New South Wales. Those for Queensland began to be published in 1852 and those for Tasmania in 1859.
-'''1850s:'''The Australian Gold Rush brought prospectors and emigrants from all over the world. More than a half million people emigrated to Australia during that decade.
-'''1850:'''The New South Wales Legislative Council resolved to cease receiving transported convicts. Transportation to eastern Australia ended two years later, and transportation to Western Australia began.
-'''1851:'''The Port Phillip district officially became the colony of Victoria, independent from New South Wales.
-'''1858:'''The total population of the five existing colonies surpassed one million.
-'''1859:'''The colony of Queensland separated from New South Wales.
-'''1863:'''The area later known as the Northern Territory annexed from New South Wales to South Australia. It remained under South Australian administration until 1911, when the Commonwealth assumed administration.
-New Zealand offered free land grants to Australian volunteers to fight in the Second Taranaki War. By the end of the year, 1,475 volunteer military settlers from Australia had gone to New Zealand.
-'''1868:'''Transportation of convicts to Australia ended. Approximately 160,000 convicts had been sent from Britain.
-'''1901:'''Australia became a Commonwealth.
-'''1911:'''The Australian Capital Territory was vested, and the Commonwealth took over the administration of the Northern Territory.
-'''1917:'''The transcontinental railway was completed.
-The Family History Library has many published national, state, and local histories for Australia. You can find these histories by looking in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
+The Family History Library has many published national, state, and local histories for Australia. You can find these histories by looking in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:<br>
 [http://webview/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=991683&disp=The+native-born&columns=*,180,0 AUSTRALIA- HISTORY]