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{{Bulgaria | {{CountrySidebar | ||
{{breadcrumb | |Country=Bulgaria | ||
|Name=Bulgaria | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=History | |||
|Rating=Acceptable | |||
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| link1=[[Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] | | link1=[[Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] | ||
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| link5=[[Bulgaria History|History ]] | | link5=[[Bulgaria History|History ]] | ||
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==Political History== | ==Political History== | ||
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[[Image:Bulgariahis.jpg|thumb|left]] Eastern Rumelia, the southeastern portion of Bulgaria, was added to the country in 1885. Taking advantage of the Young Turk revolution in the Ottoman Empire, Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria proclaimed the full independence of Bulgaria in 1908 and assumed the title of czar. | [[Image:Bulgariahis.jpg|thumb|left]] Eastern Rumelia, the southeastern portion of Bulgaria, was added to the country in 1885. Taking advantage of the Young Turk revolution in the Ottoman Empire, Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria proclaimed the full independence of Bulgaria in 1908 and assumed the title of czar. | ||
Bulgaria participated in the victorious coalition against | Bulgaria participated in the victorious coalition against Türkiye in the First Balkan War (1912). The coalition dissolved over territorial disputes, however, and in the Second Balkan War (1913) Bulgaria was quickly defeated by Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania, and Türkiye. More territory was added to the southern end of the country at this time. Bulgaria allied itself with Germany in World Wars I and II and twice more suffered defeats. Bulgaria’s involvement in these wars was partly due to its ambitions to regain territory lost in the Second Balkan War. Boris III ruled Bulgaria between the world wars. In 1944 the Red Army entered Bulgaria and installed a communist satellite regime. Under the presidency of Georgi Dimitrov, farms were collectivized and industry nationalized. The communist regime lasted until 1990 when Bulgaria re-emerged as an independent nation. | ||
The ethnic minority of Turks was subjected to forced cultural assimilation beginning in 1984. In May 1989 | The ethnic minority of Turks was subjected to forced cultural assimilation beginning in 1984. In May 1989 Türkiye announced its willingness to accept ethnic Turks from Bulgaria. Before August 1989 when Türkiye closed the border, 310,000 Bulgarian Turks had fled to Türkiye. More than 50,000 returned following the adoption of democratic reforms by a new leadership in late 1989. | ||
===Republic of Bulgaria (1990 to present)=== | ===Republic of Bulgaria (1990 to present)=== | ||
In June 1990 the first free elections since 1931 were held. In July 1991 a new Constitution was adopted. Like the other post-Communist regimes in Eastern Europe, Bulgaria found the transition to capitalism more painful than expected. After a period of calm and receptiveness to the West in the early 1990s, Bulgaria returned to a dictatorial system that distrusted foreign influences.<ref>Genealogical Library of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Outline for Genealogical Research in Bulgaria,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1982.</ref> Bulgaria joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004 and undertook substantial economic and political reform before joining the European Union in 2007. The government now works towards promoting economic growth and increasing privatization.< | In June 1990 the first free elections since 1931 were held. In July 1991 a new Constitution was adopted. Like the other post-Communist regimes in Eastern Europe, Bulgaria found the transition to capitalism more painful than expected. After a period of calm and receptiveness to the West in the early 1990s, Bulgaria returned to a dictatorial system that distrusted foreign influences.<ref>Genealogical Library of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Outline for Genealogical Research in Bulgaria,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1982.</ref> Bulgaria joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004 and undertook substantial economic and political reform before joining the European Union in 2007. The government now works towards promoting economic growth and increasing privatization. | ||
<br> | |||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria] | |||
==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||
1362 - The Ottomans completed their conquest of Bulgarian lands in 1393. Christians were considered an inferior class of people under the Ottoman system<br> | |||
1876 - The Western European Enlightenment in the 18th century and provided an ideological basis for the liberation struggle resulting in up to 30,000 Bulgarians killed as Ottoman authorities put down the rebellion<br> | |||
1908 - Bulgaria proclaimed itself an independent state<br> | |||
1912 - 1918 Bulgaria increasingly militarized and it became involved in three consecutive conflicts. The wars resulted in significant territorial losses and a total of 87,500 soldiers killed | |||
1912 - 1929 More than 253,000 refugees immigrated to Bulgaria<br> | |||
1944 - A left-wing uprising led to the abolition of monarchic rule and the executions of some 1,000—3,000 dissidents, war criminals, and members of the former royal elite<br> | |||
1946 - 1949 Bulgaria fell into the Soviet sphere of influence under the leadership of Georgi Dimitrov, who established a repressive, rapidly industrializing Stalinist state<br> | |||
1984 - 1984 The government forced the minority ethnic Turks to adopt Slavic names in an attempt to erase their identity and assimilate them. These policies resulted in the emigration of some 300,000 ethnic Turks to Türkiye.<br> | |||
==Religious History== | ==Religious History== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Bulgaria]][[Category: | [[Category:Bulgaria]][[Category:Histories]] | ||
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