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{{Click|Image:AA_ORP.png|African_American_Online_Genealogy_Records}}  
{{Click|Image:AA_ORP.png|African_American_Online_Genealogy_Records}}  


=== Online Resources ===
==Introduction==
 
==Online Resources==
*{{RecordSearch|2333777|Tennessee, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}} Images only.
*{{RecordSearch|2333777|Tennessee, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}} Images only.
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61568 U.S., Freedmen's Bureau Records of Field Offices, 1863-1878] ($) index and images
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61568 U.S., Freedmen's Bureau Records of Field Offices, 1863-1878] ($) index and images
*[http://www.spiny.com/runaway/ Runaway Slave Blog]
*[http://www.spiny.com/runaway/ Runaway Slave Blog]


Resources for African-American research fall into two periods: pre- and post-Civil War. A great starting point is Afrigeneas's [http://afrigeneas.org/states/tn/ "African Ancestry in Tennessee."]  
Resources for African-American research fall into two periods: pre- and post-Civil War. A great starting point is Afrigeneas's [http://afrigeneas.org/states/tn/ "African Ancestry in Tennessee."]  
[[Image:{{TNAfricanAm}}]]
[[Image:{{TNAfricanAm}}]]
<div style="width: 55%; float: right"><br> {{Click|Image:AA_ORP.png|African_American_Online_Genealogy_Records}}
{| width="55%" cellpadding="0" border="1" style="background-color:#CCFFFF"
|-
| valign="bottom" align="center" | '''''Help Index Freedmen's Bureau Records'''''
|-
| Help yourself and others find their African American ancestors by participating in the [http://www.discoverfreedmen.org/ Discover Freedmen Indexing Project]. [http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865631024/LDS-Church-FamilySearch-launch-project-to-index-Freedmen7s-Bureau-records-of-4-million-former.html?pg=all June 19th Press Conference]
|}
</div>


== '''Pre-Civil War'''  ==
==Research Strategy==
The [[Tennessee State Library and Archives|Tennessee State Library and Archives]] in Nashville offers several free online research guides for tracing Tennessee African Americans in their collection:


Records consist of slave importation declarations, plantation records, Tennessee hiring practices, census records, white family records, church and cemetery records, military records, vital records, and numerous Tennessee court records.
*[http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/history/bibliographies/aa3.htm African American Collections of Note at TSLA]
*[http://www.tn.gov/tsla/history/guides/guide09.htm African American Genealogical Resources @ TSLA]
*FamilySearch Guide:[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/RG/images/TN_BMDT3_Statewide_Indexes.pdf Tennessee Statewide Indexes and Collections]
*[http://tn.gov/tsla/history/bibliographies/aa2.htm Guide to African American Genealogy-Related Documents Prior to 1865 in the Collections of the Tennessee State Library and Archives]
*[http://tn.gov/tsla/history/bibliographies/aa1.htm Selected Bibliography of African American Genealogical Resources in the Tennessee State Library and Archives]


African-American vital records were usually recorded in separate books for many years. Slaves are sometimes mentioned in deeds, wills, tax records, or court order books. A few parish registers list slaves who attended church with their masters.  
==History==
*Lamon, Lester C. ''Blacks in Tennessee, 1791-1970''. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1981. {{FHL|506499|item|disp=book 976.8 F2L}}. This indexed book deals with the African-American experience in Tennessee with chapters arranged by 20- to 50-year time periods.<br>
*[http://newdeal.feri.org/guides/tnguide/ch10.htm "Negroes in Tennessee"] chapter 10 of the online book ''Tennessee: A Guide to the State.'' Compiled and Written by the Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Tennessee. American Guide Series. (No Place: New Deal Network, 1996) Original published: Tennessee: State of Tennessee. Department of Conservation, Division of Information, 1939. This chapter provides a concise introduction to African Americans in Tennessee.
*Patterson, C. Perry. [http://www.archive.org/details/negrointennessee01patt ''The Negro in Tennessee, 1790-1865''.] Austin, Texas: The University of Texas, 1922. Free digitized copy.&nbsp; Written in 1922, this book can be viewed as treating slavery without a degree of compassion and understanding, but it is valuable for its information about the slavery system and laws in Tennessee.  
*[http://dinaal.tnstate.edu/iii/encore/search?formids=target&lang=eng&suite=def&reservedids=lang%2Csuite&submitmode=&submitname=&target=Profiles+of+African+Americans+in+Tennessee ''Profiles of African Americans in Tenness''ee], Editors Bobby L.Lovett and Linda T. Winn. Nashville, Tennessee: Annual Local Conference on Afro-American Culture and History, 1996. This online publication contains short biographies of 70 members of the Tennessee General Assembly between 1873-1995.
*Works Projects Administration. ''[http://www.archive.org/details/slavenarrativesa19932gut Slave Narratives - A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves].''Washington, 1941. Free digital copy.


See the [[Tennessee Land and Property|Land and Property]], [[Tennessee Probate Records|Probate Records]], [[Tennessee Taxation|Taxation]], [[Tennessee Court Records|Court Records]], and [[Tennessee Church Records|Church Records]] wiki articles for Tennessee.  
==Resources==
===Biographies===
*Works Projects Administration. ''Slave Narratives - A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves: Tennessee Narratives.''Washington, 1941. Free digital copy, courtesy: [http://www.archive.org/details/slavenarrativesa19932gut Internet Archive].


Occasionally slaves are mentioned in records of the plantations where they served. A collection of plantation records is:
===Cemeteries===
African Americans were generally buried in race-specific cemeteries.  


*Stamp, Kenneth M. ''Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War''. Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America, 1989–1992. The records of several plantations were microfilmed in several series. They are indexed with Family History Library film numbers in Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources: As of 1994, mentioned below.
===Census Records===
The first Tennessee census that included the names and identities of freed slaves was taken in 1870.  


An index to records at the Family History Library containing the names of African Americans is:
===Church Records===
African Americans typically worshiped apart from white congregations in their own churches.


*Taylor, Marie. Family History Library ''Bibliography of African American Sources: As of 1994''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Family History Library, United States Reference, 2000. (Family History Library book {{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=}}; [this link allows access to a digital image].) Includes information taken from church, court, slavery, and vital records, as well from the Kenneth Stamp collection of Southern plantation records.
===Emancipation Records===
<div style="width: 100%; float: left">
===Funeral Homes===
A list of slaves that were impressed to work on the railroads is in:
===Genealogies===
===Land and Property===
====Plantation====
===Oral Histories===
===Other Records===
'''Maps'''


*Bamman, Gale Williams. "African-Americans Impressed for Service on the Nashville and North Western Railroad, October 1863." ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', September 1992, 204-210. Includes: name, age, height, complexion, name of owner, county, town, and other remarks.
Charles A. Reeves Jr. has created a detailed map, based on the 1860 U.S. Federal Census, illustrating the distribution of slaves throughout Tennessee just before the Civil War broke out. It may be purchased for a small fee through his [http://reevesmaps.com/map_catalog_original.htm website], which includes a scaled-down image of the map:


Slaves were gradually emancipated by Tennessee law beginning in 1865.
*''Tennessee Slave Population As Reported in the 1860 Census''
===Military Records===
For pensions of African Americans who fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War, see:


Not all black residents of Tennessee were slaves before the Civil War. The following is a list of free black heads of household&nbsp;living in Tennessee counties at the time the 1820 U.S. Federal Census was taken (census records do not survive for all counties that year):
*Brogden, John V. and Willie L. Robinson. [http://www.angelfire.com/wi/Carver/csaaa.html Tennessee Colored Pension Applications for CSA Service] [Civil War], available online.
 
*Waldrep, G.C. "'Free Colored' Heads of Household in the 1820 Tennessee Census," available [http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/Tenn_1820.htm online], courtesy: [http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ Free African Americans] website.
 
Gale Williams Bamman, CG&nbsp;located the following statistics in a book by Historian Ira Berlin:<ref>Gale Williams Bamman, "Research in Tennessee," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 81, No. 2 (Jun. 1993): 105. FHL US/CAN Book 973 B2ng v. 81 (1993), citing Ira Berlin, ''Slaves without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South'' (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974), 136-137.</ref>
 
'''Free African American Population in Antebellum Tennessee'''
 
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="200" border="1"
|-
| '''Year'''
| '''Number'''
|-
| 1820
| 2,727
|-
| 1860
| 7,300
|}
 
== '''Post-Civil War'''  ==


===Newspapers===
===Probate Records===
===Reconstruction Records===
Research consists of consulting the same record types as for non-African Americans. In addition, there are some types of records specific to African-American research, such as emancipation records, apprenticeship bonds for freedmen, and the other types of records.  
Research consists of consulting the same record types as for non-African Americans. In addition, there are some types of records specific to African-American research, such as emancipation records, apprenticeship bonds for freedmen, and the other types of records.  


====Freedman’s Bank====
====Freedmen's Bureau====
The Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Company signature cards or registers may list a depositor’s birth date, birthplace, occupation, residences, death information, parents, children, spouses, siblings, or former masters. Tennessee had two branches of this bank at:  
The Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Company signature cards or registers may list a depositor’s birth date, birthplace, occupation, residences, death information, parents, children, spouses, siblings, or former masters. Tennessee had two branches of this bank at:  


Line 88: Line 87:
FREEDMEN - TENNESSEE  
FREEDMEN - TENNESSEE  


==== '''Biographies'''  ====
===School Records===
===Slavery Records===
Records consist of slave importation declarations, plantation records, Tennessee hiring practices, census records, white family records, church and cemetery records, military records, vital records, and numerous Tennessee court records.


*Works Projects Administration. ''Slave Narratives - A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves: Tennessee Narratives.''Washington, 1941. Free digital copy, courtesy: [http://www.archive.org/details/slavenarrativesa19932gut Internet Archive].
African-American vital records were usually recorded in separate books for many years. Slaves are sometimes mentioned in deeds, wills, tax records, or court order books. A few parish registers list slaves who attended church with their masters.  


==== '''Cemeteries'''  ====
See the [[Tennessee Land and Property|Land and Property]], [[Tennessee Probate Records|Probate Records]], [[Tennessee Taxation|Taxation]], [[Tennessee Court Records|Court Records]], and [[Tennessee Church Records|Church Records]] wiki articles for Tennessee.


African Americans were generally buried in race-specific cemeteries.  
Occasionally slaves are mentioned in records of the plantations where they served. A collection of plantation records is:


==== '''Census'''  ====
*Stamp, Kenneth M. ''Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War''. Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America, 1989–1992. The records of several plantations were microfilmed in several series. They are indexed with Family History Library film numbers in Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources: As of 1994, mentioned below.


The first Tennessee census that included the names and identities of freed slaves was taken in 1870.
An index to records at the Family History Library containing the names of African Americans is:


==== '''Church Records''' ====
*Taylor, Marie. Family History Library ''Bibliography of African American Sources: As of 1994''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Family History Library, United States Reference, 2000. (Family History Library book {{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=}}; [this link allows access to a digital image].) Includes information taken from church, court, slavery, and vital records, as well from the Kenneth Stamp collection of Southern plantation records.
<div style="width: 100%; float: left">
A list of slaves that were impressed to work on the railroads is in:


African Americans typically worshiped apart from white congregations in their own churches.  
*Bamman, Gale Williams. "African-Americans Impressed for Service on the Nashville and North Western Railroad, October 1863." ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', September 1992, 204-210. Includes: name, age, height, complexion, name of owner, county, town, and other remarks.


==== '''Military Records'''  ====
Slaves were gradually emancipated by Tennessee law beginning in 1865.


For pensions of African Americans who fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War, see:  
Not all black residents of Tennessee were slaves before the Civil War. The following is a list of free black heads of household&nbsp;living in Tennessee counties at the time the 1820 U.S. Federal Census was taken (census records do not survive for all counties that year):  


*Brogden, John V. and Willie L. Robinson. [http://www.angelfire.com/wi/Carver/csaaa.html Tennessee Colored Pension Applications for CSA Service] [Civil War], available online.
*Waldrep, G.C. "'Free Colored' Heads of Household in the 1820 Tennessee Census," available [http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/Tenn_1820.htm online], courtesy: [http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ Free African Americans] website.


=== Research Guides  ===
Gale Williams Bamman, CG&nbsp;located the following statistics in a book by Historian Ira Berlin:<ref>Gale Williams Bamman, "Research in Tennessee," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 81, No. 2 (Jun. 1993): 105. FHL US/CAN Book 973 B2ng v. 81 (1993), citing Ira Berlin, ''Slaves without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South'' (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974), 136-137.</ref>


The [[Tennessee State Library and Archives|Tennessee State Library and Archives]] in Nashville offers several free online research guides for tracing Tennessee African Americans in their collection:
'''Free African American Population in Antebellum Tennessee'''


*[http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/history/bibliographies/aa3.htm African American Collections of Note at TSLA]
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="200" border="1"
*[http://www.tn.gov/tsla/history/guides/guide09.htm African American Genealogical Resources @ TSLA]
|-
*FamilySearch Guide:[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/RG/images/TN_BMDT3_Statewide_Indexes.pdf Tennessee Statewide Indexes and Collections]
| '''Year'''
*[http://tn.gov/tsla/history/bibliographies/aa2.htm Guide to African American Genealogy-Related Documents Prior to 1865 in the Collections of the Tennessee State Library and Archives]
| '''Number'''
*[http://tn.gov/tsla/history/bibliographies/aa1.htm Selected Bibliography of African American Genealogical Resources in the Tennessee State Library and Archives]
|-
 
| 1820
== Maps  ==
| 2,727
|-
| 1860
| 7,300
|}
===Vital Records===
====Birth====
====Marriage====
====Death====
====Divorce====
===Voting Registers===
==Archives and Libraries==
==Societies==


Charles A. Reeves Jr. has created a detailed map, based on the 1860 U.S. Federal Census, illustrating the distribution of slaves throughout Tennessee just before the Civil War broke out. It may be purchased for a small fee through his [http://reevesmaps.com/map_catalog_original.htm website], which includes a scaled-down image of the map:
==References==
<references />


*''Tennessee Slave Population As Reported in the 1860 Census''


== Histories  ==


*Lamon, Lester C. ''Blacks in Tennessee, 1791-1970''. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1981. {{FHL|506499|item|disp=book 976.8 F2L}}. This indexed book deals with the African-American experience in Tennessee with chapters arranged by 20- to 50-year time periods.<br>
{{Adoption TNGenWeb}}
*[http://newdeal.feri.org/guides/tnguide/ch10.htm "Negroes in Tennessee"] chapter 10 of the online book ''Tennessee: A Guide to the State.'' Compiled and Written by the Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Tennessee. American Guide Series. (No Place: New Deal Network, 1996) Original published: Tennessee: State of Tennessee. Department of Conservation, Division of Information, 1939. This chapter provides a concise introduction to African Americans in Tennessee.
*Patterson, C. Perry. [http://www.archive.org/details/negrointennessee01patt ''The Negro in Tennessee, 1790-1865''.] Austin, Texas: The University of Texas, 1922. Free digitized copy.&nbsp; Written in 1922, this book can be viewed as treating slavery without a degree of compassion and understanding, but it is valuable for its information about the slavery system and laws in Tennessee.
*[http://dinaal.tnstate.edu/iii/encore/search?formids=target&lang=eng&suite=def&reservedids=lang%2Csuite&submitmode=&submitname=&target=Profiles+of+African+Americans+in+Tennessee ''Profiles of African Americans in Tenness''ee], Editors Bobby L.Lovett and Linda T. Winn. Nashville, Tennessee: Annual Local Conference on Afro-American Culture and History, 1996. This online publication contains short biographies of 70 members of the Tennessee General Assembly between 1873-1995.
*Works Projects Administration. ''[http://www.archive.org/details/slavenarrativesa19932gut Slave Narratives - A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves].''Washington, 1941. Free digital copy.


<references />
{{African American}}
{{Adoption TNGenWeb}}
{{Tennessee|Tennessee}}  


{{Tennessee|Tennessee}} {{African American}}
[[Category:Tennessee, United States]] [[Category:African American Records]]
</div>{{-}}
[[Category:Tennessee, United States]] [[Category:African_American Records]]
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