US Immigration History: Difference between revisions

US Immigration History (view source)

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Adding more info about Ellis Island and Castle Garden

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 ==Introduction==
-Immigration to the United States was relatively low during the first half of the 19th century, but the government encouraged immigrants to help settle the west.<ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref>
+Millions of immigrants have entered the United States, most arriving in the 18th and 19th centuries. Immigration to the United States was relatively until the mid 19th century, when the government began encouraging immigration to help settle the west.<ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref>
 ==History==
+Prior to 1890, individual states (rather than the federal government) regulated immigration into the United States. These regulation efforts were varied and inconsistent. Castle Garden was the first immigration station in the United States and was opened in 1855. In 1890, the federal government took official control of immigration and built a large immigration center on Ellis Island.<ref>"Ellis Island History," ''The Statue of Liberty - Ellis Island Foundation'', https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/ellis-island-history</ref>
 ===Castle Garden===
-On August 1, 1855, the New York opened the first official immigrant receiving station in New York City. It functioned as an immigrant processing center and was the first of its kind in the United States. Previous to this, there were no official arrival stations for immigrants coming into the U.S.; immigrants were just dropped at U.S. ports and left to look after themselves. Castle Gardens operated as an Emigrant Landing Depot until April 18, 1890, when the United States government assumed control of immigrant processing.<ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Castle Clinton," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Clinton, accessed 8 August 2018.</ref>
+On August 1, 1855, the New York opened the first official immigrant receiving station in New York City. It functioned as an immigrant processing center and was the first of its kind in the United States. Castle Gardens operated as an Emigrant Landing Depot until April 18, 1890, when the United States government assumed control of immigrant processing. In total, the center processed approximately 8 million immigrants (mostly from northern and western Europe). <ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Castle Clinton," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Clinton, accessed 8 August 2018.</ref><ref>"Ellis Island History," ''The Statue of Liberty - Ellis Island Foundation'', https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/ellis-island-history</ref>
+Records from Castle Garden can be found at [http://www.castlegarden.org/ www.castlegarden.org]. Records (numbering around 11 million) range from 1820 to 1892.
 ===Ellis Island===
+Ellis Island was designated as the site for the new immigrant screen station in 1890 in part because Castle Garden could no longer handle the flow of immigrants.<ref>"The History of Ellis Island," ''GGD'' 45 (January 2006): 30-31.</ref> On January 1, 1892, Ellis Island opened in the New York Bay.<ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref> Ellis Island operated as the United States' official immigrant inspection station until 1954. The station was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants who entered into the United States.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Ellis Island," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Island, accessed 8 August 2018.</ref>
+Records from Ellis Island can be found at [https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger www.libertyellisfoundation.org]. Records (numbering around 51 million) range from 1820 to 1957.
 ==Statistics==
 The United States is a nation of immigrants of which a majority came from Europe. Between 1820 and 1974, 46,712,725 immigrants entered the United States; 76.8% of these immigrants were Europeans.
-The following chart documents the number of immigrants and their country of origin:
+The following chart documents the number of European immigrants, their country of origin, and what percentage they were of all European immigrants:
-'''Europe'''
 {| style="width:40%" class="wikitable"
 |-
 ! Country
 ! Number of Immigrants
+! Percentage
 |-
 | Germany
 | 6.95 million
+| 28%
 |-
 | Italy
 | 5.26 million
+| 21%
 |-
 | Great Britain
 | 4.84 million
+| N/A
 |-
 | Ireland
 | 4.72 million
+| N/A
 |-
 | Austria-Hungary
 | 4.31 million
+| 17%
 |-
 | Russia
 | 3.36 million
+| 13%
 |-
 | Sweden
 | 1.27 million
+| 5%
 |-
 | Norway
 | .85 million
+| 4%
 |-
 | France
 | .74 million
+| 3%
 |-
 | Greece
 | .62 million
+| 2%
 |-
 | Poland
 | .50 million
+| 2%
 |-
 | Portugal
 | .40 million
+| 2%
 |-
 | Denmark
 | .36 million
+| 1%
 |-
 | Netherlands
 | .36 million
+| 1%
 |-
 | Switzerland
 | .35 million
+| 1%
 |-
 | Other European Countries
 | 1.01 million
+| N/A
 |}
-'''Immigrants from Other Countries and Continents'''
+The following chart documents the number of immigrants from non-European countries and their country of origin:
 {| style="width:40%" class="wikitable"
 ! Country
@@ Line 119: / Line 143: @@
 |-
 |}
+<ref>''Parade Magazine'', 24 January 1976.</ref>
 ==References==
 [[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration]]