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Mormon Trail: Difference between revisions
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Nauvoo, Illinois from 1839 to 1845 was a gathering place for members of [http://lds.org The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints] (sometimes called "Mormons"). In 1846 hostile neighbors forced an exodus of the main group out of Nauvoo across Iowa to the area near where Omaha, Nebraska would eventually be built. Most Mormon pioneers stayed there in "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Quarters_%28North_Omaha,_Nebraska%29 Winter Quarters]" and in 1847 completed the journey to Salt Lake City in Utah Territory, their new gathering place.<ref name="PioSto">"The Pioneer Story : The Mormon Pioneer Trail" in ''The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'' at http://lds.org/gospellibrary/pioneer/pioneerstory.htm (accessed 8 July 2011).</ref> | Nauvoo, Illinois from 1839 to 1845 was a gathering place for members of [http://lds.org The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints] (sometimes called "Mormons"). In 1846 hostile neighbors forced an exodus of the main group out of Nauvoo across Iowa to the area near where Omaha, Nebraska would eventually be built. Most Mormon pioneers stayed there in "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Quarters_%28North_Omaha,_Nebraska%29 Winter Quarters]" and in 1847 completed the journey to Salt Lake City in Utah Territory, their new gathering place.<ref name="PioSto">"The Pioneer Story : The Mormon Pioneer Trail" in ''The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'' at http://lds.org/gospellibrary/pioneer/pioneerstory.htm (accessed 8 July 2011).</ref> | ||
Each of the following years until 1869 several areas in [[Nebraska, United States Genealogy|Nebraska]], [[Iowa, United States Genealogy|Iowa]], or [[Kansas, United States Genealogy|Kansas]] were used as staging areas for the four-month trip on the Mormon Trail across the plains into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains Rocky Mountains] to Salt Lake City. Several sets of new [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagon_trains wagon trains] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handcart_company handcart companies] came each year to Salt Lake City. By the time the [[First Transcontinental Railroad|transcontinental railroad]] was completed to Utah in 1869 about 70,000 pioneers had walked, pulled a handcart, or ridden a wagon or carriage to [[Utah Genealogy|Utah]].<ref name="PioSto" /> See also [[LDS Emigration and Immigration|LDS Emigration and Immigration]] and [[Handcart Pioneers|Handcart Pioneers]].<br> | Each of the following years until 1869 several areas in [[Nebraska, United States Genealogy|Nebraska]], [[Iowa, United States Genealogy|Iowa]], or [[Kansas, United States Genealogy|Kansas]] were used as staging areas for the four-month trip on the Mormon Trail across the plains into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains Rocky Mountains] to Salt Lake City. Several sets of new [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagon_trains wagon trains] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handcart_company handcart companies] came each year to Salt Lake City. By the time the [[First Transcontinental Railroad|transcontinental railroad]] was completed to Utah in 1869 about 70,000 pioneers had walked, pulled a handcart, or ridden a wagon or carriage to [[Utah Genealogy|Utah]].<ref name="PioSto" /> See also [[LDS Emigration and Immigration|LDS Emigration and Immigration]] and [[Handcart Pioneers|Handcart Pioneers]].<br> | ||
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Some pioneers reached [[Utah, United States Genealogy|Utah]] via [[California, United States Genealogy|California]]. A group of over 530 men called the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_Battalion Mormon Battalion]" were recruited off the Mormon Trail into the U.S. Army to help fight the [[Mexican War, 1846 to 1848|Mexican War 1846-1847]]. Most of these men left their families at Council Bluffs, Iowa and marched to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth,_Kansas Fort Leavenworth Kansas], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico Santa Fe New Mexico], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona Tucson Arizona], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California San Diego] and [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles, California]] where they were honorably dismissed from service. A few of these men participated in the discovery of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush gold at Sutter's Mill] in 1848.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mormon Battalion" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_Battalion (accessed 9 July 2011).</ref> <br> | Some pioneers reached [[Utah, United States Genealogy|Utah]] via [[California, United States Genealogy|California]]. A group of over 530 men called the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_Battalion Mormon Battalion]" were recruited off the Mormon Trail into the U.S. Army to help fight the [[Mexican War, 1846 to 1848|Mexican War 1846-1847]]. Most of these men left their families at Council Bluffs, Iowa and marched to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth,_Kansas Fort Leavenworth Kansas], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico Santa Fe New Mexico], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona Tucson Arizona], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California San Diego] and [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles, California]] where they were honorably dismissed from service. A few of these men participated in the discovery of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush gold at Sutter's Mill] in 1848.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mormon Battalion" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_Battalion (accessed 9 July 2011).</ref> <br> | ||
In 1846 another group led by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Brannan Samuel Brannan] with 237 other Latter-day Saints sailed for six months on the first family passenger ship to [[California, United States Genealogy|California]], the [[Ship Brooklyn|''Ship Brooklyn'']], from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City New York City] around [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Horn Cape Horn] to [[Hawaii Genealogy|Hawaii]] to [[San Francisco County,California|San Francisco]]. Brannan published the Sutter's Mill gold strike to start the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush Gold Rush]. From [[California, United States Genealogy|California]] most of these pioneers found their way to [[Utah, United States Genealogy|Utah]] as individuals or in small groups. This included former soldiers hoping to reunite with the families they last saw in [[Iowa, United States Genealogy|Iowa]].<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mormon pioneers" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_pioneers (accessed 9 July 2011).</ref> | In 1846 another group led by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Brannan Samuel Brannan] with 237 other Latter-day Saints sailed for six months on the first family passenger ship to [[California, United States Genealogy|California]], the [[Ship Brooklyn|''Ship Brooklyn'']], from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City New York City] around [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Horn Cape Horn] to [[Hawaii Genealogy|Hawaii]] to [[San Francisco County,California|San Francisco]]. Brannan published the Sutter's Mill gold strike to start the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush Gold Rush]. From [[California, United States Genealogy|California]] most of these pioneers found their way to [[Utah, United States Genealogy|Utah]] as individuals or in small groups. This included former soldiers hoping to reunite with the families they last saw in [[Iowa, United States Genealogy|Iowa]].<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mormon pioneers" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon_pioneers (accessed 9 July 2011).</ref> | ||
== Main Route == | == Main Route == | ||
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'''Perpetual Emigration Fund.''' Pioneers who received financial assistance immigrating to Utah were expected to repay their debt. In 1877 a list of persons who still owed money was created. For details see the [[Perpetual Emigration Fund]] Wiki page. <br> | '''Perpetual Emigration Fund.''' Pioneers who received financial assistance immigrating to Utah were expected to repay their debt. In 1877 a list of persons who still owed money was created. For details see the [[Perpetual Emigration Fund]] Wiki page. <br> | ||
'''Censuses''' also can be used to identify pioneers who traveled the Mormon Trail: | '''Censuses''' also can be used to identify pioneers who traveled the Mormon Trail: | ||
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*International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers, ''Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude'', 4 vols. (Salt Lake City, Utah : International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers, c1998). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41715246 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|829588|item|disp=FHL Book 979 D36p}}. | *International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers, ''Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude'', 4 vols. (Salt Lake City, Utah : International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers, c1998). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41715246 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|829588|item|disp=FHL Book 979 D36p}}. | ||
*''Biographical record of Salt Lake City and vicinity : containing biographies of well known citizens of the past and present'' (Chicago, Illinois : National Historical Record, 1902). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10049081 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|206568|item|disp=FHL Film 1000615 Item 2; Book 979.225 D3b}}.<br><br> | *''Biographical record of Salt Lake City and vicinity : containing biographies of well known citizens of the past and present'' (Chicago, Illinois : National Historical Record, 1902). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10049081 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|206568|item|disp=FHL Film 1000615 Item 2; Book 979.225 D3b}}.<br><br> | ||
Some Mormon Trail pioneers also settled in [[Idaho, United States Genealogy|Idaho]], [[Arizona, United States Genealogy|Arizona]], [[Nevada, United States Genealogy|Nevada]], or [[California, United States Genealogy|California]]. Local histories and biographies from those places may also include some pioneers to travelled the Mormon Trail. <br> | Some Mormon Trail pioneers also settled in [[Idaho, United States Genealogy|Idaho]], [[Arizona, United States Genealogy|Arizona]], [[Nevada, United States Genealogy|Nevada]], or [[California, United States Genealogy|California]]. Local histories and biographies from those places may also include some pioneers to travelled the Mormon Trail. <br> | ||
'''Settlers along the trail.''' Only a tiny fraction of pioneers settled along the Mormon Trail before reaching Salt Lake City, mostly in [[Iowa, United States Genealogy|Iowa]] or the [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]] area. Only a few may have stayed three to five years before continuing to [[Utah Genealogy|Utah]]. It was uncommon to remain much longer. | '''Settlers along the trail.''' Only a tiny fraction of pioneers settled along the Mormon Trail before reaching Salt Lake City, mostly in [[Iowa, United States Genealogy|Iowa]] or the [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]] area. Only a few may have stayed three to five years before continuing to [[Utah Genealogy|Utah]]. It was uncommon to remain much longer. | ||
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*Bashore, Melvin L. ''[Database of] Mormon Trail Deaths 1847–1868''. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Historical Dept., 1998-. Each entry includes the person’s full name, sex, age, death date, death place, source and notes. The [http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/library Church History Library and Archives] staff will search the current database for you.<br><br> | *Bashore, Melvin L. ''[Database of] Mormon Trail Deaths 1847–1868''. Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Historical Dept., 1998-. Each entry includes the person’s full name, sex, age, death date, death place, source and notes. The [http://www.lds.org/churchhistory/library Church History Library and Archives] staff will search the current database for you.<br><br> | ||
'''Written Accounts of the Journey''' descriptions are found in order by year and pioneer company in Melvin L. Bashore, and Linda L. Haslam, ''Mormon Pioneer Companies Crossing the Plains 1847–1868. Narratives. 3rd rev. ed.'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Historical Dept., 1990). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22010162 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|594278|item|disp=FHL Film 1592752 item 6; Book 289.3016 B291m}}. | '''Written Accounts of the Journey''' descriptions are found in order by year and pioneer company in Melvin L. Bashore, and Linda L. Haslam, ''Mormon Pioneer Companies Crossing the Plains 1847–1868. Narratives. 3rd rev. ed.'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Historical Dept., 1990). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22010162 WorldCat entry]. {{FHL|594278|item|disp=FHL Film 1592752 item 6; Book 289.3016 B291m}}. | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||