Poland Civil Registration: Difference between revisions

Poland Civil Registration (view source)

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-==Time Coverage==
 In 1795, the old Kingdom of Poland was conquered and divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. Civil registration coverage varied for each part of Poland controlled by Russia, Prussia, or Austria.
 |{{Poland Partition 2|right}}
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-===Russian Poland===
-'''Duchy of Warsaw:'''
-*In 1807, Napoleon created a new Polish state, fashioned out of territories previously seized by Prussia. In 1809 Napoleon’s forces won additional Polish territory from Austria, and the enlarged Polish state was called the Duchy of Warsaw.
-*Civil registration of births, marriages, deaths, and sometimes of marriage intentions was initiated according to the Code of Napoleon in the territory of the Duchy of Warsaw on May 1st, 1808.
-*After the Russian government assumed control upon the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, the practice of maintaining civil registration of births, marriages, and deaths continued, even after Poland became an independent republic in 1918.
-*Civil registers in the Napoleonic format are found in '''all of Russian Poland, in Kraków and in parts of the Prussian province of Posen''', which are all formerly part of the old Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
-*'''Catholic clergy were responsible for all civil registration from 1808 until 1825. '''
-*Beginning in 1826, Jews, Evangelical Lutherans, Protestants, Russian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, etc.) were allowed to maintain separate civil registers.
-*From 1826 on, civil records were once more church records in nature, but their form remained true to that of the Napoleonic Code.
-===Prussian Poland===
-Civil authorities in the German territories of Poland began registering births, marriages, and deaths in 1874. The people were required to report all births, marriages, and deaths to a civil registrar (Standesamt).
-===Austrian Poland===
-*Austria took possession of the southern part of Poland in 1772. In 1784 the Emperor Joseph, recognizing the need for valid vital records for public use, designated Catholic parish registers as state records and standardized Latin columnar forms were issued. Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic clergy were made responsible for the registration of all vital records for all religions and recorded these in their parish registers.
-*Civil transcripts of these registers were prepared for state use. So essentially, the church records functioned as civil registration until 1918. Most of these are now in State Archives where many have been microfilmed.
-*In the former Austrian territories, conventional civil registration did not begin until after the establishment of the Republic of Poland in 1918.
-*Two areas from Russian Poland are exceptions: some areas of the Duchy of Warsaw that were annexed in 1815, and the independent city of Kraków, annexed in 1846.
 ==Language of the Records ==