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==== Immigration ==== | ==== Immigration ==== | ||
Most black slaves were imported into Virginia in the 100 year period between '''1676 and 1776''', though they were present as early as 1619. Slaves began to outnumber the white indentured servant workforce in the late 1600s. The majority were brought into the colony from Africa and the Caribbean. In particular, the African regions of the '''Bight of Biafra''' (modern [[Nigeria Genealogy|Nigeria]]), '''Senegambia '''(modern [[Senegal Genealogy|Senegal]] and [[Gambia Genealogy|Gambia]]), '''West Central Africa''' (modern [[Angola Genealogy|Angola]] and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]]), and the '''Gold Coast''' (modern [[Ghana Genealogy|Ghana]]) were hotspots for Virginia slave traders. Smaller numbers came from the '''Windward Coast''' (modern [[Cote d'Ivoire Genealogy|Cote d'Ivoire]]), [[Sierra Leone|'''Sierra Leone''']], '''Bight of Benin''' (modern [[Togo Genealogy|Togo]] and [[Benin Genealogy|Benin]]), and '''Southeast Africa''' (modern [[Madagascar Genealogy|Madagascar]] and [[Mozambique Genealogy|Mozambique]]) according to surviving shipping registers.<ref name="ison">James Ison, AG, CG, [[Migration_Patterns_-_An_Alternative_for_Locating_African_Origins|"Migration Patterns: An Alternative for Locating African Origins."]] Lecture given at the National Genealogical Society Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah (2010) and the Federation of Genealogical Societies Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2010). Free version available online at FamilySearch Wiki.</ref> | Most black slaves were imported into Virginia in the 100 year period between '''1676 and 1776''', though they were present as early as 1619. Slaves began to outnumber the white indentured servant workforce in the late 1600s. The majority were brought into the colony from Africa and the Caribbean. In particular, the African regions of the '''Bight of Biafra''' (modern [[Nigeria Genealogy|Nigeria]]), '''Senegambia '''(modern [[Senegal Genealogy|Senegal]] and [[The Gambia Genealogy|The Gambia]]), '''West Central Africa''' (modern [[Angola Genealogy|Angola]] and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]]), and the '''Gold Coast''' (modern [[Ghana Genealogy|Ghana]]) were hotspots for Virginia slave traders. Smaller numbers came from the '''Windward Coast''' (modern [[Cote d'Ivoire Genealogy|Cote d'Ivoire]]), [[Sierra Leone|'''Sierra Leone''']], '''Bight of Benin''' (modern [[Togo Genealogy|Togo]] and [[Benin Genealogy|Benin]]), and '''Southeast Africa''' (modern [[Madagascar Genealogy|Madagascar]] and [[Mozambique Genealogy|Mozambique]]) according to surviving shipping registers.<ref name="ison">James Ison, AG, CG, [[Migration_Patterns_-_An_Alternative_for_Locating_African_Origins|"Migration Patterns: An Alternative for Locating African Origins."]] Lecture given at the National Genealogical Society Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah (2010) and the Federation of Genealogical Societies Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2010). Free version available online at FamilySearch Wiki.</ref> | ||
There was a strong Muslim presence in Senegambia during the period of the slave trade. Many Tidewater Virginia slaves must have been influenced by Islam before their arrival in America.<ref>"Senegambia, The Gold Coast, and the Bight of Benin," ''The Abolition of the Slave Trade: The Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture (The New York Public Library),'' http://abolition.nypl.org/essays/us_slave_trade/6/, accessed 16 June 2012.</ref> Slaves were usually renamed once they arrived in English-speaking colonies. They were given English Christian names to replace names from their native languages (some of which were Muslim names like Mohammad).<ref>Allan Austin, ''African Muslims in Antebellum America, A Sourcebook'' (New York: Garland Press, 1984).</ref> | There was a strong Muslim presence in Senegambia during the period of the slave trade. Many Tidewater Virginia slaves must have been influenced by Islam before their arrival in America.<ref>"Senegambia, The Gold Coast, and the Bight of Benin," ''The Abolition of the Slave Trade: The Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture (The New York Public Library),'' http://abolition.nypl.org/essays/us_slave_trade/6/, accessed 16 June 2012.</ref> Slaves were usually renamed once they arrived in English-speaking colonies. They were given English Christian names to replace names from their native languages (some of which were Muslim names like Mohammad).<ref>Allan Austin, ''African Muslims in Antebellum America, A Sourcebook'' (New York: Garland Press, 1984).</ref> | ||
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