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{{Slovakia | {{CountrySidebar | ||
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| link1=[[Slovakia Genealogy|Slovakia]] | | link1=[[Slovakia Genealogy|Slovakia]] | ||
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| link5=[[Slovakia Jewish | | link5=[[Slovakia Jewish Records|Jewish Records]] | ||
}} | }} {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Slovakia | |||
|Name=Slovakia | |||
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|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Jewish Records | |||
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''For more information about Jewish Genealogy Research see [[Jewish Genealogy Research|Jewish Genealogy Research Main Page]]'' | ''For more information about Jewish Genealogy Research see [[Jewish Genealogy Research|Jewish Genealogy Research Main Page]]'' | ||
== Introduction == | |||
=== Brief History === | |||
From the Middle Ages to the 1800s, the lands that now make up Czechia (Bohemia and Moravia) and the Sloavk Republic were provinces of the Hapsburg Empire (later known as the Austrian Empire). In 1867, the Hungarians gained greater autonomy and the territory of Slovakia. The Austro-Hungarian Empire lasted until the end of WWI, when Czechoslovakia was formed from Bohemia, Moravia, Sloavkia, and parts of Silesia. In 1993, Czechoslovakia divided into Czechia and the Slovak Republic.<ref>"Czech and Slovak Republics: Jewish Family History Research Guide". Center Genealogy Institute (March 2006), www.cjh.org.</ref> When searching for Slovak Jewish records, also search Hungarian Jewish records. Many can be found on the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/search FamilySearch Catalog]. | |||
=== Maps of Slovakia === | === Maps of Slovakia === | ||
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*Learn more about available Jewish records by clicking [[Slovakia Jewish Records|here]]. | *Learn more about available Jewish records by clicking [[Slovakia Jewish Records|here]]. | ||
* | *'''1869''' {{RecordSearch|1986782|Slovakia Census, 1869}} - [[Slovakia, Census, 1869 - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]].<br>'''Note:''' Records are not yet indexed. Use the browse feature. | ||
* | *'''1592-1935''' {{RecordSearch|1554443|Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books, 1592-1935}} - [[Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]].<br>'''Note:''' Not all records are indexed. If your family is not found in the index, then use the browse feature. | ||
=== Help with Slovak Jewish Research === | |||
*Access the JewishGen.org Austria-Czech Special Interest Group (SIG) by clicking [http://www.jewishgen.org/AustriaCzech/ here]. | |||
*Access the JewishGen.org Hungarian Special Interest Group (SIG) by clicking [https://www.jewishgen.org/Hungary/ here]. | |||
== Slovakia Jewish Records == | == Slovakia Jewish Records == | ||
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Written evidence proves the existence of Jews in Slovakia in the tenth century though they likely were present as early as Roman times. Until the 1700s they were regularly expelled from the Hungarian Kingdom, but were always allowed to come back again. Their legal status was determined by specific royal decrees. Hungary experienced a great influx of Jews from Poland and Russia in the early 1800s, many of whom settled in the northern Slovak counties. The Jewish religion was not officially recognized in Hungary until the Toleration Patent of 1781. This began the gradual process of Jewish emancipation. Jews did not use fixed surnames until 1788 when another patent required them to adopt and use German surnames. In the mid 1800s a Jewish prefect was established. He represented the Jews before the Hungarian royal administration and was responsible for the regular collection of the Jewish tax. The Jews had to pay extra taxes for their protection. After 1840 Jews were allowed to settle in the whole territory of Slovakia (with the exception of mining towns). In December of 1867 Hungarian law recognized the Jews as fully equal in both civilian and economic life. Most of Slovakia’s Jews were forced out or murdered during the Nazi Holocaust. | Written evidence proves the existence of Jews in Slovakia in the tenth century though they likely were present as early as Roman times. Until the 1700s they were regularly expelled from the Hungarian Kingdom, but were always allowed to come back again. Their legal status was determined by specific royal decrees. Hungary experienced a great influx of Jews from Poland and Russia in the early 1800s, many of whom settled in the northern Slovak counties. The Jewish religion was not officially recognized in Hungary until the Toleration Patent of 1781. This began the gradual process of Jewish emancipation. Jews did not use fixed surnames until 1788 when another patent required them to adopt and use German surnames. In the mid 1800s a Jewish prefect was established. He represented the Jews before the Hungarian royal administration and was responsible for the regular collection of the Jewish tax. The Jews had to pay extra taxes for their protection. After 1840 Jews were allowed to settle in the whole territory of Slovakia (with the exception of mining towns). In December of 1867 Hungarian law recognized the Jews as fully equal in both civilian and economic life. Most of Slovakia’s Jews were forced out or murdered during the Nazi Holocaust. | ||
' | These records are a prime source for information about the vital events in an individual's life. They contain information that can be used to compile pedigrees and family groups. They identify children, spouses, parents, and sometimes grandparents as well as dates and places of vital events. They establish individual identity and are excellent sources for linking generations and identifying relationships. | ||
===Contents:=== | |||
'''Non-Vital:''' These generally contain information about royal dealings with specific Jews; also information about Jewish congregations, rabbis, names of members of the congregation; and economic activities. | '''Non-Vital:''' These generally contain information about royal dealings with specific Jews; also information about Jewish congregations, rabbis, names of members of the congregation; and economic activities. | ||
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*Deaths – name of the deceased, date and place of death, cause of death, residence, age, occupation, marital status, spouses' name, often birthplace of the deceased. | *Deaths – name of the deceased, date and place of death, cause of death, residence, age, occupation, marital status, spouses' name, often birthplace of the deceased. | ||
===Location:=== | |||
Vital records and some non-vital are in state archives. Non-vital Jewish records are found in district and city archives. | |||
===Accessibility:=== | |||
The Genealogical Society of Utah has been microfilming Slovak archive vital records since 1991. Although the microfilming is not complete (Bratislava, the last archive, is currently being filmed), most of the films are now available through the FamilySearch Library. Slovak church registers are also accessible to those who hire a private researcher to visit the archives for them or who can visit the archives in Slovakia themselves and research the records in person.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Slovakia,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1991-1999.</ref> | |||
Jordan Auslander has compiled an index to Jewish vital records in Slovakia which is arranged by town name. It indicates what years exist for births, marriages, and deaths. It also gives the archive where these records are held:<br>Auslander, Jordan. ''Index to Jewish vital statistic records of Slovakia''. Teaneck, New Jersey: Avotaynu, 1993. (FS Library fiche 6414537). | |||
The Slovak National Archives address is: | |||
:Slovensky narodny archiv<br>Drotárska cesta 4072/42<br>811 02 Staré Mesto<br>Slovakia<br>Phone: +421 2/628 011 87<br>Email: [mailto:archiv@sna.vs.sk archiv@sna.vs.sk] | |||
''' | Here are other resources to help find Slovak Jewish records: | ||
*''Jewish Vital Statistics Records in Slovakian Archives''. | |||
*Kollarova, Zuzana and Jozef Hanus. ''A Guide to the Slovak Archives''. Universum, 1999. | |||
*Saramanyova, Jane. ''Cirkevne Matriky na Slovensku Zo 16.-19''. Odbor Archivnictva Ministerstva Vnutra SR, 1991. Provides a list of parish registers (including Jewish registers) in Slovakia from the 16th to the 19th century. | |||
Some sources are also available at the Center for Jewish History (see [[Jewish Archives and Libraries#Center for Jewish History]]). | |||
*''Rabbinical and Historical Manuscripts Collection, 1567-1930''. This collection contains rabbinic bound and unbound manuscripts, correspondence, responsa, and other documents. It also includes tombstone inscriptions from Mislic (1785-1877) and Prague (1740-1785). | |||
=== The JewishGen Hungary Database === | === The JewishGen Hungary Database === | ||
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You can download a brochure, [http://www.slovak-jewish-heritage.org/fileadmin/www_files/images/Slovak_Jewish_Heritage_Route.pdf Slovak Jewish Heritage Route],which provides colorful photographs of Jewish buildings in 21 Slovak towns. | You can download a brochure, [http://www.slovak-jewish-heritage.org/fileadmin/www_files/images/Slovak_Jewish_Heritage_Route.pdf Slovak Jewish Heritage Route],which provides colorful photographs of Jewish buildings in 21 Slovak towns. | ||
== Websites == | |||
*[https://www.jewishgen.org/Communities/ The JewishGen Communities Database and JewishGen Gazetteer] | |||
*[https://www.jewishgen.org/Communities/LocTown.asp JewishGen Gazetteer] | |||
== Helpful Resources == | |||
Here are a few printed resources for Jewish research in Slovakia. Some of these books can be found at the FamilySearch Library and some can be accessed at the Center for Jewish History. | |||
*Auslander, Jordan. ''Genealogical gazeteer for the Kingdom of Hungary''. Bergenfield, New Jersey : Avotaynu. (FS Library call no. {{FSC|2241196|item|disp=JGS 943.9 E5aj}}) | |||
*Buechler, Yehoshua Robert. "The Jews of Slovakia: Some Historical and Social Aspects." ''Review of the Society for the History of Czechoslovak Jews'' 1 (1968-87): 167-176. | |||
*''Czechoslovakia: Official Standard Names''. Division of Geography, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1955. | |||
*Dvorzsák, János. ''Magyarország helységnévtára tekintettel a közigazgatási, népességi és hitfelekezeti viszonyokra / szerkesztette Dvorzsák János = Ortslexikon von Ungarn mit Bezug auf die politische und kirchliche Eintheilung der Bevölkerung''. Budapest, Hungary : Havi Füzetek Kiadóhivatala, 1877. (FS Library call no. {{FSC|163772|item|disp=943.9 E5d}}) | |||
*Heřman, Jan. ''Jewish cemeteries in Bohemia and Moravia''. [S.l.] : Council of Jewish Communities in the ČSR, 1980s. (FS Library call no. {{FSC|672946|item|disp=943.7 V3}}) | |||
*Heřman, Jan. ''Jewish community archives from Bohemia and Moravia : analytical registers to the catalogues of archive materials from Jewish communities with the exception of that of Prague''. Prague, Czech Republic : Státní Židovské Muzeum, 1971. (FS Library call no. {{FSC|449825|item|disp=943.71 A3h}}) | |||
*Iggers, Wilma Abeles, editor and translator. ''The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: A Historical Reader.'' Wayne State University Press, 1992. | |||
*Lelkes, György. ''Magyar helységnév-azonosító szótár''. Baja, Hungary : Talma, 1998. (FS Library call no. {{FSC|986514|item|disp=943.9 E5Lg 1998}}) | |||
*Magocsi, Paul Robert. ''Historical atlas of East Central Europe''. Seattle, Washington : University of Washington Press, 1993. (FS Library call no. {{FSC|678502|item|disp=940 H2ho}}) | |||
*Majtán, Milan. ''Názvy obcí slovenskej republiky : vývin v rokoch 1773-1997''. Bratislava, Slovakia : VEDA, vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie, 1998. (FS Library call no. {{FSC|815292|item|disp=943.73 E2m 1998}}) | |||
*Mokotoff, Gary and Sallyann Amdur Sack. ''Where once we walked : a guide to the Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust''. Teaneck, New Jersey : Avotaynu, 1991. (FS Library microfilm {{FSC|384512|item|disp=940 E5ms}}) | |||
*Society for the History of Czechoslovak Jews. ''The Jews of Czechoslovakia''. 3 volumes. Jewish Publication Society, 1968-1984. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:Slovakia Minorities]] [[Category:Jewish Records]] | [[Category:Slovakia Minorities]] [[Category:Jewish Records]] | ||
[[Category:Jewish | [[Category:Jewish Records by Country, Region, and City]] | ||
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