Germany Civil Registration: Difference between revisions

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 ==Definition==
-Civil&nbsp;registration&nbsp;records&nbsp;are&nbsp;records of births, marriages, and deaths kept by the government. German terms for these records include Standesamtsregister, Zivilstandsregister, or Personenstandsregister. They are an excellent source for information on names and dates and places of births, marriages, and deaths. These records are kept by the civil registrar [German: Standesbeamte] at the civil registry office (Standesamt).<br><br>
+Civil&nbsp;registration&nbsp;records&nbsp;are&nbsp;records of births, marriages, and deaths kept by the government. German terms for these records include Standesamtsregister, Zivilstandsregister, or Personenstandsregister. They are an excellent source for information on names and dates and places of births, marriages, and deaths. These records are kept by the civil registrar [German: Standesbeamte] at the civil registry office (Standesamt). Because they cover about 98% of the population and often provide more information than church records, civil registration records are important sources for German genealogical research. <br><br>
+==Availability==
-Civil registration in the German Empire began between 1792 and 1876, depending on the locality. Alsace-Lorraine started in 1792, since it belonged to France at the time. The creation of ''mairies'' that kept civil birth, marriage, and death registers was required by the French as they advanced into the German territories between 1808 and 1812. These early records are often written in the French language and use the [[French Republican Calendar]]. After Napoleon was defeated, civil registration was discontinued in many parts of Germany and replaced by parish register duplicates used for civil purposes, such as conscription. In Prussia, civil births, marriages, and deaths were kept again beginning in October 1874. Civil registration became mandatory in all German states on 1 January 1876. To learn more about when German Civil Registration began in individual provinces or states, [[German Civil Registration Time Periods|click here]].<br><br>Because they cover about 98% of the population and often provide more information than church records, civil registration records are important sources for German genealogical research.
+*Civil registration in the German Empire began between 1792 and 1876, depending on the locality.
+*Alsace-Lorraine started in 1792, since it belonged to France at the time.
-For birth, death, and marriage records created before civil registration began, see [[Germany Church Records|Germany Church Records]].
+*As France's influence increased in Germany, Hamburg, Hannover, Hessen, Lübeck, Oldenburg, and Westfalen established civil registration between 1799 and 1811.
+*Anhalt began keeping civil registration in 1850.
-=== Historical Background  ===
+*Hamburg  began keeping civil registration in 1866.
+*In Prussia, civil births, marriages, and deaths were kept again beginning in October 1874.
-Civil registration was begun in France with a law passed by the National Assembly on 20 Sep 1792. Alsace and Lorraine, which were under French rule at that time, were the first German areas to keep civil records of births, marriages, and deaths. French occupation of the areas left of the Rhine River in 1796 to 1798 brought civil registration to these areas as well. As the French advanced into other areas of Germany, they required local governments to keep civil records of births, marriages, and deaths. After Napoleon was defeated, civil registration was discontinued in many parts of Germany and replaced by parish register duplicates used for civil purposes, such as conscription. In Prussia, civil births, marriages, and deaths were kept again beginning in October 1874. Civil registration became mandatory in all German states on 1 January 1876. The records are created and kept by the Standesamt.
+*Civil registration became mandatory in all German states on 1 January 1876. To learn more about when German Civil Registration began in individual provinces or states, [[German Civil Registration Time Periods|click here]].<br><br>
-Between 1792 and 1876, most German states or provinces developed their own separate laws and civil registration systems. Some civil registration offices were established later than others. Therefore, the date a particular state began civil registration is only a general guideline and does not always apply to every town within its borders. In 1876 civil registration began in all of Germany, and since 1876 almost every German has been registered with the local civil government authorities.
-=== Regional Differences  ===
-Between 1792 and 1798, when France occupied parts of Germany, the government began civil registration in the&nbsp;areas that lay&nbsp;west of the Rhine. These records are usually written in French until about 1815. As France's influence increased in Germany, Hamburg, Hannover, Hessen, Lübeck, Oldenburg, and Westfalen established civil registration between 1799 and 1811. &nbsp;In these areas under French influence, especially Alsace and Lorraine, which remained part of France until 1871, ten-year indexes were usually kept.&nbsp;
-After Napoleon's defeat in 1814, many areas suspended civil registration. &nbsp;In some areas civil transcripts of church records replaced civil registration. &nbsp;<br>
-Anhalt began keeping civil registration in 1850 and Hamburg in 1866. &nbsp;The prime minister of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck, instituted civil registration in all the provinces of Prussia in 1874. The remaining states, &nbsp;Anhalt, Bavaria, Lippe, Mecklenburg, Saxony, Schaumburg-Lippe, Thuringia, and Württemberg began requiring civil registration in 1876, when the national civil registration law was implemented.
-In some areas, duplicate copies of civil registers were also made. &nbsp;The mayor's office (Bürgermeisterei) kept the original copy, and the duplicate was sent to the court (Landesgericht) or another central archive. For example, most of Westfalen and Lippe sent their duplicates to Detmold, and most of the Rhineland sent theirs to Brühl.
 === Privacy Laws  ===
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