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Maryland History: Difference between revisions
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=== Brief History === | === Brief History === | ||
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'''1649''' Maryland passed the {{wpd|Maryland_Toleration_Act|Religious Toleration Act}} to protect Catholics and immigrating Puritans from each other and create an environment to attract more immigrants. <ref>{{MDTol}}</ref> Eight years of religious wars followed anyway. | '''1649''' Maryland passed the {{wpd|Maryland_Toleration_Act|Religious Toleration Act}} to protect Catholics and immigrating Puritans from each other and create an environment to attract more immigrants. <ref>{{MDTol}}</ref> Eight years of religious wars followed anyway. | ||
Maryland was also one of the key destinations of tens of thousands of {{wpd|Penal_transportation| transported British convicts}}. <ref>{{MDHist}} </ref>Prior to 1776 three-fourths of immigrants were convicts, slaves, {{wpd|Indentured_servants|indentured servants}}, or became indentured servants to pay for their passage to America. For information about convicts and indentured servants see the works of Peter Wilson Coldham indexed in [http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry.com], a subscription web site. | Maryland was also one of the key destinations of tens of thousands of {{wpd|Penal_transportation| transported British convicts}}. <ref>{{MDHist}} </ref>Prior to 1776 three-fourths of immigrants were convicts, slaves, {{wpd|Indentured_servants|indentured servants}}, or became indentured servants to pay for their passage to America. For information about convicts and indentured servants see the works of Peter Wilson Coldham indexed in [http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry.com], a subscription web site. | ||
'''1682''' Pennsylvania began to assert ownership of what became [[Delaware Genealogy|Delaware]] and northern parts of Maryland. The Maryland citizens resisted including the murder of a pushy Pennsylvania tax collector. These border conflicts would not be fully resolved until the drawing of the Mason-Dixon line between 1763 and 1767. <ref>Richard Wilson, and Jack Bridner, ''{{WorldCat|8530259}} Maryland: Its Past and Present'' (Lanham, Md.: Maryland Historical Press, 1981) ▲ {{FHL|549692|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 H2wi}}, 83-84.</ref> | '''1682''' Pennsylvania began to assert ownership of what became [[Delaware Genealogy|Delaware]] and northern parts of Maryland. The Maryland citizens resisted including the murder of a pushy Pennsylvania tax collector. These border conflicts would not be fully resolved until the drawing of the Mason-Dixon line between 1763 and 1767. <ref>Richard Wilson, and Jack Bridner, ''{{WorldCat|8530259}} Maryland: Its Past and Present'' (Lanham, Md.: Maryland Historical Press, 1981) ▲ {{FHL|549692|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 H2wi}}, 83-84.</ref> | ||
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'''1850s:''' Miners from [[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]], [[Ireland Genealogy|Ireland]], [[Germany Genealogy|Germany]], and [[Wales Genealogy|Wales]] immigrated to work western Maryland's coal deposits. The Nativist "{{wpd|Know Nothing Party}} was formed to resist this wave of immigration. <ref>Wilson and Bridner, 126-27.</ref> | '''1850s:''' Miners from [[Scotland Genealogy|Scotland]], [[Ireland Genealogy|Ireland]], [[Germany Genealogy|Germany]], and [[Wales Genealogy|Wales]] immigrated to work western Maryland's coal deposits. The Nativist "{{wpd|Know Nothing Party}} was formed to resist this wave of immigration. <ref>Wilson and Bridner, 126-27.</ref> | ||
'''1850s:''' Former slaves like Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglas escaped from and through Maryland across the Mason-Dixon Line into Pennsylvania or Delaware. Quakers and others who lived in these states helped runaways on the "[http://ww2.mdslavery.net/ Underground Railroad]," a series of safe-houses leading farther north into Canada. The Underground Railroad helped runaways avoid being re-enslaved as a result of {{wpd|Fugitive slave act}}. <ref>Wilson and Brinder, 136-42.</ref> | '''1850s:''' Former slaves like Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglas escaped from and through Maryland across the Mason-Dixon Line into Pennsylvania or Delaware. Quakers and others who lived in these states helped runaways on the "[http://ww2.mdslavery.net/ Underground Railroad]," a series of safe-houses leading farther north into Canada. The Underground Railroad helped runaways avoid being re-enslaved as a result of {{wpd|Fugitive slave act}}. <ref>Wilson and Brinder, 136-42.</ref> | ||
By the start of the Civil War 49 percent of [[African American Research|African Americans]] in Maryland were already free. <ref>Wilson and Brinder, 142.</ref> | By the start of the Civil War 49 percent of [[African American Research|African Americans]] in Maryland were already free. <ref>Wilson and Brinder, 142.</ref> | ||