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'''Ancestral Homeland:''' Idaho, Oregon and Washington | '''Ancestral Homeland:''' Idaho, Oregon and Washington | ||
The Nez Perce Indians, also known as the ''Nimi'ipuu'', have been known by other names, as well. Lewis and Clark called them the Chopuunish, and later writers called them the Sahaptin. At the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, they ranged from northeastern Oregon and western Washington, across north-central Idaho and as far east as the headwaters of the Missouri River in Montana. | The Nez Perce Indians, also known as the ''Nimi'ipuu'', have been known by other names, as well. Lewis and Clark called them the Chopuunish, and later writers called them the Sahaptin. At the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, they ranged from northeastern Oregon and western Washington, across north-central Idaho and as far east as the headwaters of the Missouri River in Montana. | ||
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*1836 -- Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding establish a Presbyterian mission among the Nez Perce | *1836 -- Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding establish a Presbyterian mission among the Nez Perce | ||
*1855 -- Nez Perce Reservation established by treaty. | *1855 -- Nez Perce Reservation established by treaty. | ||
*1861 -- Nez Perce Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was established | *1861 -- Nez Perce Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was established | ||
*1863: Treaty | |||
*1868: Treaty | |||
*1868 -- Father Joseph Cataldo's first Catholic missionary efforts among the Nez Perce | *1868 -- Father Joseph Cataldo's first Catholic missionary efforts among the Nez Perce | ||
*1874 -- St. Joseph's Catholic mission established | *1874 -- St. Joseph's Catholic mission established | ||
*1877 -- The "Nez Perce War," led by Chief Joseph, occurred. (Flight of the Nez Perce, 1,700 miles) | *1877 -- The "Nez Perce War," led by Chief Joseph, occurred. (Flight of the Nez Perce, 1,700 miles) | ||
:Battles: Clearwater Creek in Idaho, Big Hole Valley - Montana, Camas Creek- Idaho, Cayon Creek and Cow Island -Montana, Bear Paw - Montana, leading the U.S. forces was General Oliver Howard - (Formed Howard University - ed. African Americans he had one arm)1877: October, Chief Joseph 87 warriors, 84 women, and 147 children surrendered near Bear Paw, Montana. November, the Nez Perce Tribe sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas | |||
:-- Tribe sent to Indian Territory - Oklahoma | :-- Tribe sent to Indian Territory - Oklahoma | ||
:-- Colville Reservation in Washington | :-- Colville Reservation in Washington | ||
*1904 -- Chief Joseph died at Colville Reservation | *1904 -- Chief Joseph died at Colville Reservation | ||
==== Brief History ==== | ==== Brief History ==== | ||
The first contact with non-Indians may have been in 1805 with the Lewis and Clark expedition. | |||
Interaction with missionaries began in 1836 when a Presbyterian mission was extablish by Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding, a Father Joseph Cataldo was the first Catholic missionary, the St. Joseph Catholic mission being setablished in 1874. | |||
Nez Perce War in 1877 led by Chief Joseph, concluded only after months and a 1,700 mile flight while fighting, | |||
==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
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::Fort Lapwai Agency | ::Fort Lapwai Agency | ||
Two churches were particularly active among the Nez Perce. The earliest missionary effort among the tribe was established in 1836 by the Presbyterian Church by Henry Harmon Spalding and his wife, Eliza. Records of this effort are included in the holdings of the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia. A later effort was made by the Catholic Church by Father Joseph Cataldo and was known at the [http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0847.pdf St. Joseph's] or Slickpoo Mission. The St. Joseph's Mission records are a part of the holdings of [http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv10958 Washington State University] in Pullman and of the Pacific Northwest Tribes Mission Collection of the Oregon Province Archives of The Society of Jesus, 1853-1960, housed at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington. Some of the [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=759736&disp=Church+records%20%20&columns=*,0,0 registers] are also on microfilm at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City. Many of the converts to Catholicism are buried in the [http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/id/nezperce/cemeteries/stjomiss.txt Slickpoo Cemetery] near St. Joseph's. | Two churches were particularly active among the Nez Perce. The earliest missionary effort among the tribe was established in 1836 by the Presbyterian Church by Henry Harmon Spalding and his wife, Eliza. Records of this effort are included in the holdings of the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia. A later effort was made by the Catholic Church by Father Joseph Cataldo and was known at the [http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0847.pdf St. Joseph's] or Slickpoo Mission. The St. Joseph's Mission records are a part of the holdings of [http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv10958 Washington State University] in Pullman and of the Pacific Northwest Tribes Mission Collection of the Oregon Province Archives of The Society of Jesus, 1853-1960, housed at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington. Some of the [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=759736&disp=Church+records%20%20&columns=*,0,0 registers] are also on microfilm at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City. Many of the converts to Catholicism are buried in the [http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/id/nezperce/cemeteries/stjomiss.txt Slickpoo Cemetery] near St. Joseph's. | ||
'''Correspondence and Census''' | '''Correspondence and Census''' | ||
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! scope="col" | Tribe | ! scope="col" | Tribe | ||