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Relationships with other tribes developed as inter tribal warfare brought them together with the [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]] Sac, Meskwaki and [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]] to defeat the Illinois in 1769. | Relationships with other tribes developed as inter tribal warfare brought them together with the [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]] Sac, Meskwaki and [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]] to defeat the Illinois in 1769. | ||
The Chippewa, Ottawas, and Potowatomi confederacy became know as the Three | The Chippewa, Ottawas, and Potowatomi confederacy became know as the Three Fires. | ||
The tribe fought the British Colonies during the Revolutionary War. | The tribe fought the British Colonies during the Revolutionary War. | ||
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Land cessions began before 1815, and continued to the early 1900s. As land was ceded, many tribal members migrated north, south, and west. | Land cessions began before 1815, and continued to the early 1900s. As land was ceded, many tribal members migrated north, south, and west. | ||
Commencing in 1860, the tribe was removed to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Relocation to northeastern Oklahoma continued up to the early | Commencing in 1860, the tribe was removed to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Relocation to northeastern Oklahoma continued up to the early 1900's. They (the Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's with some Munsee), were forced to join the Cherokee in northeastern Oklahoma where they lost their tribal identity. In 1882, they were assigned to Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota, and later assigned to the [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's reservation in]] Montana with the Cree tribe with whom they had united with in the 1890's. Later becoming known as the [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]]. | ||
The Chippewa's have lived in the western part of North America for an extremely long time. They had an early warning (the Seven Fires Prophecy) and prepared. Even before the whites invaded. Lewis and Clark knew the Chippewa's or Chippaways, were living in Texas long before 1805. William Clark wrote in his journals under Estimates for the Eastern Indians, that they lived in Texas. They are listed number 53. Click this [http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1804-1805.winter.part2.xml&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl Clark Journals] link to read about it. Or google Lewis and Clarks journals.<br> | The Chippewa's have lived in the western part of North America for an extremely long time. They had an early warning (the Seven Fires Prophecy) and prepared. Even before the whites invaded. Lewis and Clark knew the Chippewa's or Chippaways, were living in Texas long before 1805. William Clark wrote in his journals under Estimates for the Eastern Indians, that they lived in Texas. They are listed number 53. Click this [http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1804-1805.winter.part2.xml&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl Clark Journals] link to read about it. Or google Lewis and Clarks journals.<br> | ||
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*'''1864: '''On May 7, 1864, a new treaty created a much larger Leech Lake Reservation for the Pillager Chippewa's of northern Minnesota. However, 5 Chippewa Reservations to the south were eradicated. | *'''1864: '''On May 7, 1864, a new treaty created a much larger Leech Lake Reservation for the Pillager Chippewa's of northern Minnesota. However, 5 Chippewa Reservations to the south were eradicated. | ||
*'''1864-1865: '''Another large exodus was commenced by the Chippewa's of Kansas during late 1864 and early 1865. Chief Eshtonoquot organized the large exodus. The United States learned about the large number of Indians and blacks migrating to Mexico and sent a force of several hundred of their soldiers to try and halt the exodus. A battle (the Battle of Dove Creek) was fought on January 8, 1865 in northwestern Texas in which the Indians defeated the United States. The exodus continued. They eventually settled down in the Mexican States of Chihuahua and Coahuila. Mexican leaders formed an alliance with the Indians and blacks. They created several very large Reservations for the Indians and blacks in the Mexican States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, and Sonora. | *'''1864-1865: '''Another large exodus was commenced by the Chippewa's of Kansas during late 1864 and early 1865. Chief Eshtonoquot organized the large exodus. The United States learned about the large number of Indians and blacks migrating to Mexico and sent a force of several hundred of their soldiers to try and halt the exodus. A battle (the Battle of Dove Creek) was fought on January 8, 1865 in northwestern Texas in which the Indians defeated the United States. The exodus continued. They eventually settled down in the Mexican States of Chihuahua and Coahuila. Mexican leaders formed an alliance with the Indians and blacks. They created several very large Reservations for the Indians and blacks in the Mexican States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, and Sonora. | ||
* 1865 The | * 1865 The American Fur Company established a Trading Post at Red Lake. | ||
*'''1866: '''On April 7, 1866, a treaty ceded Bois Forte Chippewa land in northern Minnesota and created a large Bois Forte (Nett Lake) Chippewa Reservation. | *'''1866: '''On April 7, 1866, a treaty ceded Bois Forte Chippewa land in northern Minnesota and created a large Bois Forte (Nett Lake) Chippewa Reservation. | ||
*'''1867: '''On March 19, 1867, a treaty created the large White Earth Reservation. It is located in northwestern Minnesota. White Earth Reservation was really added on to Leech Lake Reservation. The March 19, 1867 Treaty, supposedly reduced the size of Leech Lake Reservation. However, as mentioned, Leech Lake Reservation was enlarged with the land addition of White Earth Reservation. | *'''1867: '''On March 19, 1867, a treaty created the large White Earth Reservation. It is located in northwestern Minnesota. White Earth Reservation was really added on to Leech Lake Reservation. The March 19, 1867 Treaty, supposedly reduced the size of Leech Lake Reservation. However, as mentioned, Leech Lake Reservation was enlarged with the land addition of White Earth Reservation. | ||
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==== [[:Category:American Indian Reservations|Reservations]] ==== | ==== [[:Category:American Indian Reservations|Reservations]] ==== | ||
From the mid- | From the mid-1800's, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government. | ||
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies. | Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies. | ||