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Chippewa Tribe: Difference between revisions
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Relationships with other tribes developed as inter tribal warfare brought them together with the [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]] Sac, Meskwaki and [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]] to defeat the Illinois in 1769. | Relationships with other tribes developed as inter tribal warfare brought them together with the [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]] Sac, Meskwaki and [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]] to defeat the Illinois in 1769. | ||
The Chippewa, Ottawas, and Potowatomi confederacy became know as the Three FIres. | |||
The tribe fought the British Colonies during the Revolutionary War. | The tribe fought the British Colonies during the Revolutionary War. | ||
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Commencing in 1860, the tribe was removed to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Relocation to northeastern Oklahoma continued up to the early 1900s. They (the Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's with some Munsee), were forced to join the Cherokee in northeastern Oklahoma where they lost their tribal identity. In 1882, they were assigned to Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota, and later assigned to the [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's reservation in]] Montana with the Cree tribe with whom they had united with in the 1890's. Later becoming known as the [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]]. | Commencing in 1860, the tribe was removed to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Relocation to northeastern Oklahoma continued up to the early 1900s. They (the Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's with some Munsee), were forced to join the Cherokee in northeastern Oklahoma where they lost their tribal identity. In 1882, they were assigned to Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota, and later assigned to the [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's reservation in]] Montana with the Cree tribe with whom they had united with in the 1890's. Later becoming known as the [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]]. | ||
The Chippewa's have lived in the western part of North America for an extremely long time. They had an early warning (the Seven Fires Prophecy) and prepared. Even before the whites invaded. Lewis and Clark knew the Chippewa's or Chippaways, were living in Texas long before 1805. William Clark wrote in his journals under Estimates for the Eastern Indians, that they lived in Texas. They are listed number 53. Click this [http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1804-1805.winter.part2.xml&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl Clark Journals] link to read about it. Or google Lewis and Clarks journals.<br> | The Chippewa's have lived in the western part of North America for an extremely long time. They had an early warning (the Seven Fires Prophecy) and prepared. Even before the whites invaded. Lewis and Clark knew the Chippewa's or Chippaways, were living in Texas long before 1805. William Clark wrote in his journals under Estimates for the Eastern Indians, that they lived in Texas. They are listed number 53. Click this [http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/read/?_xmlsrc=1804-1805.winter.part2.xml&_xslsrc=LCstyles.xsl Clark Journals] link to read about it. Or google Lewis and Clarks journals.<br> | ||
The Chippewa today are of mixed blood, mostly Native, French and English. Many live on reservations in Canada and the United States (Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Montana and North Dakota). | |||
===== '''Brief Histories''' ===== | ===== '''Brief Histories''' ===== | ||
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Ohio History Central article on the [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=579 Chippewa Indians] | Ohio History Central article on the [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=579 Chippewa Indians] | ||
Densmore, Frances and Smithsonian Institution. ''Chippewa Customs''. {{FHL|272430|item|disp=FHL Film 1009057 item 1 }} | |||
Danziger, Edmund Jefferson. ''The Chippewas of Lake Superior''. Norman, OK. University of OK. 1978. {{FHL|10238|item|disp=FHL Book 970.3 C444da }} | |||
Blackbird, Andrew J. ''History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan''. Ypsilanti, MI 1887. FHL Book 970.1 B562h or FHL film 1011853 Item; or [http://www.nanations.com/ottawachippewa/index.htm Ottawa Chippewa] | |||
Warren, William Whipple. ''History of the Ojibway Nation''. FHL Book 970.3 Oj3ww<br> | |||
==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
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[[Bay Mills Indian Reservation (Michigan)|Bay Mills]], [[Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Grand Portage]], [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Leeck Lake]], [[Mille Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mille Lacs]], [[Red Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Red Lake]], Nett Lake, [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain]], [[White Earth Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Earth]], [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's]], Bad River, [[Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac Courte Oreilles]], [[Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac du Flambeau]], Keweenaw Bay, [[Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Fond Du Lac]], Mole Lake, [[Red Cliff Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Red Cliff]], St. Croix, [[Navajo Indian Reservation (Arizona)|Navajo_Indian_Reservation_(Arizona)]] [[San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona (Reservation)|San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona]] [[Fort Apache Indian Reservation, White Mountain Apache Tribe, Arizona (Reservation)]], [[Colorado River Indian Reservation (Arizona)]],[[Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico]],[[Blackfeet Indian Reservation (Montana)|Blackfeet_Indian_Reservation_(Montana)]] [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)]],[[Wind River Indian Reservation (Wyoming)]], [[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (Montana)]], [[Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (Montana)]], [[Flathead Indian Reservation (Montana)]], [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)]], [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)]], [[Spokane Indian Reservation (Washington)]], [[Hoopa Valley Reservation, California]], [[Yurok Indian Reservation (California)]], [[Round Valley Indian Reservation (California)]] | [[Bay Mills Indian Reservation (Michigan)|Bay Mills]], [[Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Grand Portage]], [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Leeck Lake]], [[Mille Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mille Lacs]], [[Red Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Red Lake]], Nett Lake, [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain]], [[White Earth Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Earth]], [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's]], Bad River, [[Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac Courte Oreilles]], [[Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac du Flambeau]], Keweenaw Bay, [[Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Fond Du Lac]], Mole Lake, [[Red Cliff Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Red Cliff]], St. Croix, [[Navajo Indian Reservation (Arizona)|Navajo_Indian_Reservation_(Arizona)]] [[San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona (Reservation)|San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona]] [[Fort Apache Indian Reservation, White Mountain Apache Tribe, Arizona (Reservation)]], [[Colorado River Indian Reservation (Arizona)]],[[Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico]],[[Blackfeet Indian Reservation (Montana)|Blackfeet_Indian_Reservation_(Montana)]] [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)]],[[Wind River Indian Reservation (Wyoming)]], [[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (Montana)]], [[Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (Montana)]], [[Flathead Indian Reservation (Montana)]], [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)]], [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)]], [[Spokane Indian Reservation (Washington)]], [[Hoopa Valley Reservation, California]], [[Yurok Indian Reservation (California)]], [[Round Valley Indian Reservation (California)]] | ||
Bruce, H. E. ''The Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota''. Belcourt, ND. Turtle Mountain Consolidated Agency, 1948. | |||
=== Bands and Other Subdivisions === | === Bands and Other Subdivisions === | ||
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*The 1907 census, the so-called Durant Roll entries are arranged alphabetically by first letter of the surname and grouped by tribal bands. The census includes the 1870 census roll number (This number indexes Durant's filed notes and consists of two numbers separated by a hypen. The firs number is assigned to a specific family; the second number is the page number on the field notes. (source: NARA RR#1002) | *The 1907 census, the so-called Durant Roll entries are arranged alphabetically by first letter of the surname and grouped by tribal bands. The census includes the 1870 census roll number (This number indexes Durant's filed notes and consists of two numbers separated by a hypen. The firs number is assigned to a specific family; the second number is the page number on the field notes. (source: NARA RR#1002) | ||
National Archives film M234, Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1881. Includes 1. 1838 list of Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawatomie entitled to benefits at the Council Bluffs Agency. (File H571, Roll 215) 2. 1878 lists of heads of families for Pillager and Lake Winnebigoshish Chippewa, (Fild K259, Roll 1166) 3. 1878 lists of heads of families for White Oake, Point and Mississippi Chippewa, (File K266, Roll 166)(source: NAR RR#1002) | National Archives film M234, Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1881. Includes 1. 1838 list of Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawatomie entitled to benefits at the Council Bluffs Agency. (File H571, Roll 215) 2. 1878 lists of heads of families for Pillager and Lake Winnebigoshish Chippewa, (Fild K259, Roll 1166) 3. 1878 lists of heads of families for White Oake, Point and Mississippi Chippewa, (File K266, Roll 166)(source: NAR RR#1002) | ||
'''Church Records''' | |||
Fruth, Alban Reverend.'' A Century of Missionary Work Among the Red Lake Chippewa Indians, 1858-1958''. Red Lake, MN:St. Mary's Mission, C 1958. FHL Digital | |||
==== Treaties ==== | ==== Treaties ==== | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{American Indian}}{{-}}</div> | {{American Indian}}{{-}}</div> | ||
[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Canada First Nations]] | |||
Dan[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Canada First Nations]] | |||