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Ireland Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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Emigration records are records of people leaving a country. Immigration records are records of people entering a country. Records of emigration and immigration include passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, and registers of assistance to emigrate. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, date of departure, and date and ship of arrival of the person immigrating or emigrating. Names of fellow passengers may suggest familial relationships or provide hints about a passenger's place of origin or destination. | [[Ireland]]<br> | ||
== Where did my ancestors come from? == | |||
Many people have information that one or more of their ancestors come from Ireland but they don't know where. Start with these steps. | |||
==== Step 1: Search records in the country where your ancestors settled<br> ==== | |||
Why start there? | |||
*There are 32 counties and thousands of parishes in Ireland. There may be dozens of people by the same name as your ancestor. | |||
*Ireland didn't keep general records of the population before protestant marriages began in 1845.<br> | |||
Records in the country where your ancestors moved to can give you clues about where they lived in Ireland. To learn about these records, click on a country where they settled. | |||
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| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Australian Records|Australia]]<br> | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using New Zealand Records|New Zealand]]<br> | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using United States Records|United States ]]<br> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Canadian Records|Canada]]<br> | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Scottish Records|Scotland]]<br> | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Wales Records|Wales]]<br> | |||
|- | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using South American Records|South America]]<br> | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using West Indies Records|West Indies]]<br> | |||
| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using England Records|England]] | |||
|} | |||
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==== Step 2: Search the records in Ireland<br> ==== | |||
Few records in Ireland before 1864 index part or all of the population. Here are some you can search. <br> | |||
Griffiths Valuation | |||
<br> | |||
Emigration records are records of people leaving a country. Immigration records are records of people entering a country. Records of emigration and immigration include passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, and registers of assistance to emigrate. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, date of departure, and date and ship of arrival of the person immigrating or emigrating. Names of fellow passengers may suggest familial relationships or provide hints about a passenger's place of origin or destination. | |||
Many emigration and immigration sources not discussed in this section are listed in: | Many emigration and immigration sources not discussed in this section are listed in: | ||
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=== Political Culture of Persecution === | === Political Culture of Persecution === | ||
*Austere taxation and tithes policies | *Austere taxation and tithes policies | ||
*Continual doctrine of ‘Conquer and divide’ policies from medieval times throughout the centuries seized land and evicted native Irish Catholics from their own lands | *Continual doctrine of ‘Conquer and divide’ policies from medieval times throughout the centuries seized land and evicted native Irish Catholics from their own lands | ||
*Cruel landlords (not all) | *Cruel landlords (not all) | ||
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*practice law | *practice law | ||
*enter a profession | *enter a profession | ||
*hold public office | *hold public office | ||
*receive an education | *receive an education | ||
*practice their own religion outside of the Protestant faith | *practice their own religion outside of the Protestant faith | ||
*serve as officers in British armed forces | *serve as officers in British armed forces | ||
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*be a guardian to a child | *be a guardian to a child | ||
*leave infant children under Catholic guardianship | *leave infant children under Catholic guardianship | ||
*accept a mortgage on land in security for a loan | *accept a mortgage on land in security for a loan | ||
*attend Catholic worship | *attend Catholic worship | ||
*choose between attendance in a Catholic, or a Protestant place of worship | *choose between attendance in a Catholic, or a Protestant place of worship | ||
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O hEithir, Breandan, A Pocket History of Ireland, The O'Brien Press, Dublin, Ireland, 1989 | O hEithir, Breandan, A Pocket History of Ireland, The O'Brien Press, Dublin, Ireland, 1989 | ||
[http://books.google.com/books?id=jLtnAAAAMAAJ&dq=A+Pocket+History+of+Ireland&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=8OdMS7nFFZG2lAeko4CODQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CB8Q6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=&f=false MacManus, Seamus, The Story of the Irish Race], The New York Irish Publishing Co., 1921 | [http://books.google.com/books?id=jLtnAAAAMAAJ&dq=A+Pocket+History+of+Ireland&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=8OdMS7nFFZG2lAeko4CODQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11&ved=0CB8Q6AEwCg#v=onepage&q=&f=false MacManus, Seamus, The Story of the Irish Race], The New York Irish Publishing Co., 1921 | ||
== Emigration from Ireland == | == Emigration from Ireland == | ||
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=== Records of Irish Emigrants in Their Destination Countries === | === Records of Irish Emigrants in Their Destination Countries === | ||
Immigration records of the country to which your ancestor immigrated may help you determine your ancestor's place of origin, occupation, and age. Knowing an approximate date and port of arrival or the name of the ship on which your ancestor sailed will help you search immigration records. Many immigration records are held in repositories, usually in the destination country. The immigration records that are available at the Family History Library are generally listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: [DESTINATION COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | Immigration records of the country to which your ancestor immigrated may help you determine your ancestor's place of origin, occupation, and age. Knowing an approximate date and port of arrival or the name of the ship on which your ancestor sailed will help you search immigration records. Many immigration records are held in repositories, usually in the destination country. The immigration records that are available at the Family History Library are generally listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: [DESTINATION COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | ||
'''United States'''. <br> | '''United States'''. <br> | ||
Immigrant lists from the various ports of entry provide the most information on Irish immigrants to the United States. While several ports of entry existed, the majority of Irish immigrants came through New York. The following published lists and indexes of information on Irish immigrants to America are found in the Family History Library's US/Canada collection: | Immigrant lists from the various ports of entry provide the most information on Irish immigrants to the United States. While several ports of entry existed, the majority of Irish immigrants came through New York. The following published lists and indexes of information on Irish immigrants to America are found in the Family History Library's US/Canada collection: | ||
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To find United States immigration records at the Family History Library, look in the Place Search of the catalog under: | To find United States immigration records at the Family History Library, look in the Place Search of the catalog under: | ||
UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | ||
'''Canada'''.<br> | '''Canada'''.<br> | ||
From 1815 to 1850, Canada was the primary destination of Irish emigrants. Until 1900, the major ports of immigrant arrivals were Quebec City and Halifax. After 1900, arrivals were more widespread. Canadian passenger lists are rare before 1865. Those from 1865 to 1900 are available at the Family History Library.<br>Indexed Passenger lists from 1890-1960 are available at [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/migration.jsp [www.findmypast.com]] | From 1815 to 1850, Canada was the primary destination of Irish emigrants. Until 1900, the major ports of immigrant arrivals were Quebec City and Halifax. After 1900, arrivals were more widespread. Canadian passenger lists are rare before 1865. Those from 1865 to 1900 are available at the Family History Library.<br>Indexed Passenger lists from 1890-1960 are available at [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/migration.jsp [www.findmypast.com]] | ||
'''Australia'''. <br> | '''Australia'''. <br> | ||
In 1788, Australia was founded as a British penal colony. Australian immigration records vary in content and coverage by state. Some contain such details as the immigrant's birthplace; residence in Britain; education; mother's maiden name; and father's name, occupation, and residence. Some are indexed. In Australia, immigration records are kept at state archives. Most pre-1900 Australian immigration records are available at the Family History Library and are listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: AUSTRALIA, [STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION RECORDS <br> | In 1788, Australia was founded as a British penal colony. Australian immigration records vary in content and coverage by state. Some contain such details as the immigrant's birthplace; residence in Britain; education; mother's maiden name; and father's name, occupation, and residence. Some are indexed. In Australia, immigration records are kept at state archives. Most pre-1900 Australian immigration records are available at the Family History Library and are listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: AUSTRALIA, [STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION RECORDS <br> | ||
'''New Zealand'''. <br> | '''New Zealand'''. <br> | ||
In 1840 the British began colonizing New Zealand. Most immigrants to New Zealand received some form of assistance either from the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association set up to encourage immigration. Besides the age, origin, and occupation, New Zealand immigration records usually include additional details such as the wife's and children's names and ages and details of settlement. Many New Zealand immigration records are available at the Family History Library and are listed in the Locality Search of the catalog under: | In 1840 the British began colonizing New Zealand. Most immigrants to New Zealand received some form of assistance either from the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association set up to encourage immigration. Besides the age, origin, and occupation, New Zealand immigration records usually include additional details such as the wife's and children's names and ages and details of settlement. Many New Zealand immigration records are available at the Family History Library and are listed in the Locality Search of the catalog under: | ||
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NEW ZEALAND, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION RECORDS | NEW ZEALAND, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION RECORDS | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
'''Argentina.''' | '''Argentina.''' | ||
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*Mulvany, Peter. "The Argentine Republic Emigration Scheme." ''Journal of the Genealogical Society of Ireland.'' 10 (2009): 46-9. Dún Laoghaire, Co. Dublin : Genealogical Society of Ireland, 2000 | *Mulvany, Peter. "The Argentine Republic Emigration Scheme." ''Journal of the Genealogical Society of Ireland.'' 10 (2009): 46-9. Dún Laoghaire, Co. Dublin : Genealogical Society of Ireland, 2000 | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Naturalization records in the destination country can be more helpful than immigration records in determining your ancestor's place of origin. To learn more about naturalization records, consult the "Naturalization and Citizenship" section of the destination country's research outline, if available, or see [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]]. | Naturalization records in the destination country can be more helpful than immigration records in determining your ancestor's place of origin. To learn more about naturalization records, consult the "Naturalization and Citizenship" section of the destination country's research outline, if available, or see [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]]. | ||
== British Records of Irish Emigration == | == British Records of Irish Emigration == | ||