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Latin Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
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'''''[https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Word_List Genealogical Word List]'' [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] Latin''' | |||
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{{IllumBible}} | {{IllumBible}} | ||
== Usage == | |||
Nearly all Roman Catholic church records used Latin to some extent. | Nearly all Roman Catholic church records used Latin to some extent. | ||
Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Because Latin was used in so many countries, local usage varied. Certain terms were commonly used in some countries but not in others. In addition, the Latin used in British records has more abbreviations than the Latin used in European records. | Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Because Latin was used in so many countries, local usage varied. Certain terms were commonly used in some countries but not in others. In addition, the Latin used in British records has more abbreviations than the Latin used in European records. | ||
== Language Characteristics == | |||
=== Inflections === | |||
Latin is an inflected language, meaning that the endings of words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence ''Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage. | Latin is an inflected language, meaning that the endings of words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence ''Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage. | ||
The ''case'' of a word describes how it is being used in a sentence. The main three cases are: | The ''case'' of a word describes how it is being used in a sentence. The main three cases are: | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Most Male names are in the 2nd declension. Nearly all female names are in the 1st declension. Names from both genders can be found in the 3rd declension. | Most Male names are in the 2nd declension. Nearly all female names are in the 1st declension. Names from both genders can be found in the 3rd declension. | ||
=== Gender === | |||
Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, ''rex'' (king) is a masculine word, ''aetas'' (age) is a feminine word, and ''oppidum'' (town) is a neuter word. | Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, ''rex'' (king) is a masculine word, ''aetas'' (age) is a feminine word, and ''oppidum'' (town) is a neuter word. | ||
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Some words can be either masculine or feminine, such as ''patrinus'' (godfather) and ''patrina'' (godmother). This word list usually gives only the male form even though a female form may occur in Latin records. Thus, given the word ''famulus'' (servant), you can conclude that ''famula'' is a female servant. Similarly, this word list gives only ''natus est'' ("he was born"). You can conclude that ''nata est'' means "she was born." The plural form ''nati sunt'' means "they were born." | Some words can be either masculine or feminine, such as ''patrinus'' (godfather) and ''patrina'' (godmother). This word list usually gives only the male form even though a female form may occur in Latin records. Thus, given the word ''famulus'' (servant), you can conclude that ''famula'' is a female servant. Similarly, this word list gives only ''natus est'' ("he was born"). You can conclude that ''nata est'' means "she was born." The plural form ''nati sunt'' means "they were born." | ||
=== Examples and Exceptions === | |||
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:*'''''-tio''''' may change to '''''-tionis''''' | :*'''''-tio''''' may change to '''''-tionis''''' | ||
Example: ''sartor'' (tailor) changes to ''sartoris'' (of the tailor) | Example: ''sartor'' (tailor) changes to ''sartoris'' (of the tailor) | ||
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who is doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. For example, the Latin word ''baptizare'' (to baptize) will appear with various endings: | Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who is doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. For example, the Latin word ''baptizare'' (to baptize) will appear with various endings: | ||
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| (he) ''baptizatur'' | | (he) ''baptizatur'' | ||
| ''baptizatus est'' | | ''baptizatus est'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Spelling === | |||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. The following spelling variations are common in Latin documents: | Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. The following spelling variations are common in Latin documents: | ||
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:*''quondam'' or ''condam'' | :*''quondam'' or ''condam'' | ||
== Additional Resources == | |||
This word list includes only the words ''most commonly found in genealogical sources''. For further help, use a Latin-English dictionary. Latin-English dictionaries are available on each floor of the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]]. The call numbers begin with 473.21. | This word list includes only the words ''most commonly found in genealogical sources''. For further help, use a Latin-English dictionary. Latin-English dictionaries are available on each floor of the [[Family History Library|Family History Library]]. The call numbers begin with 473.21. | ||
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*Temple, Robin Edgel. "[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/83593379&referer=brief_results Latin for Genealogical Research: A Primer for Record Latin]." Thesis (M.A.). Brigham Young University, 1977. ({{FHL|136588|title-id|disp=FHL call number 929.1 T247L; edition on FHL fiche 6,070,611}}.) | *Temple, Robin Edgel. "[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/83593379&referer=brief_results Latin for Genealogical Research: A Primer for Record Latin]." Thesis (M.A.). Brigham Young University, 1977. ({{FHL|136588|title-id|disp=FHL call number 929.1 T247L; edition on FHL fiche 6,070,611}}.) | ||
== Key Words == | |||
To find and use specific types of Latin records, you will need to know some key words in Latin. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and gives the Latin words that have the same or similar meanings. | To find and use specific types of Latin records, you will need to know some key words in Latin. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and gives the Latin words that have the same or similar meanings. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Genealogical Abbreviations == | |||
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== Numbers == | |||
In some genealogical records, numbers—especially dates—are written out. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Ordinal numbers are adjectives and may sometimes appear with the feminine ending ('''''-a''''') or the neuter ending ('''''-um'''''). In written dates the ordinal numbers usually end with the grammatical ending ('''''-o'''''). Example: | In some genealogical records, numbers—especially dates—are written out. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Ordinal numbers are adjectives and may sometimes appear with the feminine ending ('''''-a''''') or the neuter ending ('''''-um'''''). In written dates the ordinal numbers usually end with the grammatical ending ('''''-o'''''). Example: | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Roman Numerals == | |||
Roman numerals are written as combinations of the seven letters listed below. The letters can be written in capital (<font face="Times" size="+1">XVI</font>) or lower-case (<font face="Times" size="+1">xvi</font>) letters. | Roman numerals are written as combinations of the seven letters listed below. The letters can be written in capital (<font face="Times" size="+1">XVI</font>) or lower-case (<font face="Times" size="+1">xvi</font>) letters. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== Common Roman Numerals === | |||
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== Dates and Times == | |||
In Latin records, dates are often written out. Numbers generally end with '''''-o''''' when used in a date. For example: | In Latin records, dates are often written out. Numbers generally end with '''''-o''''' when used in a date. For example: | ||
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To understand Latin dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section. | To understand Latin dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section. | ||
===Months=== | |||
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|} | |} | ||
===Days of the Week=== | |||
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|} | |} | ||
===Phrases Indicating Time=== | |||
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== General Words == | |||
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. | This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. | ||
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=== A === | |||
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{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}} | ||
=== B === | |||
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=== C === | |||
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=== D === | |||
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=== E === | |||
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=== F === | |||
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=== G === | |||
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=== H === | |||
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=== I === | |||
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=== J === | |||
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=== L === | |||
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=== M === | |||
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=== N === | |||
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=== O === | |||
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=== P === | |||
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=== Q === | |||
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=== R === | |||
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=== S === | |||
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=== T === | |||
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=== U === | |||
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=== V === | |||
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=== Z === | |||
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== External Links == | |||
*[http://www.genealogyintime.com/dictionaries/genealogy-latin-dictionary-pageA.html?awt_l=KMmk2&awt_m=JAA8hvjbuwk.Vy GenealogyInTime Latin Dictionary]. Billed by GenealogyInTime as "the largest online resource devoted to Latin words and phrases in genealogy." | *[http://www.genealogyintime.com/dictionaries/genealogy-latin-dictionary-pageA.html?awt_l=KMmk2&awt_m=JAA8hvjbuwk.Vy GenealogyInTime Latin Dictionary]. Billed by GenealogyInTime as "the largest online resource devoted to Latin words and phrases in genealogy." | ||
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*[http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/Latin/Latin.htm Latin terms for decease and causes of death] | *[http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/Latin/Latin.htm Latin terms for decease and causes of death] | ||
== References == | |||
<references /> | <references /> | ||