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Ireland Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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Falley, Margaret Dickson. ''Irish and Scotch-Irish Ancestral Research.'' 2 vols. Evanston, Illinois: Margaret Dickson Falley, 1961-62. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=941.5+D27f+ book Ref 941.5 D27f 2 vols].) | Falley, Margaret Dickson. ''Irish and Scotch-Irish Ancestral Research.'' 2 vols. Evanston, Illinois: Margaret Dickson Falley, 1961-62. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=941.5+D27f+ book Ref 941.5 D27f 2 vols].) | ||
== Reasons Irish Emigrated == | == Reasons Irish Emigrated == | ||
Our Irish ancestors had many reasons for leaving Ireland. As well many among those remaining in Ireland would have emigrated but were unable to, due to the severe circumstances in which they were placed. Unbearable conditions in Ireland forced Irish emigrants to leave Ireland were mostly created by the following four reasons: | |||
Economic | === Political Culture of Persecution === | ||
British government backed England’s grain exportations—but not Ireland’s; farmers left | |||
Grains out of Ireland, were exported to England, while Irish were dying from the famine | • Austere taxation and tithes policies | ||
New farming techniques increased output, decreasing the need for agricultural laborers | |||
Manufacturing industries sprang up, causing less emphasis in farming | • Land seizures which evicted many native Irish Catholics from their own lands | ||
• Cruel landlords (not all) | |||
• Sponsorship of land price increases, allowed to unbearable levels; tossed hoards of already poor families, ‘out onto the street’ | |||
• Disallowance of land ownership for all Catholics | |||
• ‘Rent-racking’ on land rentals on Catholic farmers forced many to leave, or out onto the streets | |||
• ‘Conquer and divide’ policies from medieval times throughout the centuries (was land confiscation) against Catholics | |||
=== Economic === | |||
British government backed England’s grain exportations—but not Ireland’s; farmers left Grains out of Ireland, were exported to England, while Irish were dying from the famine New farming techniques increased output, decreasing the need for agricultural laborers Manufacturing industries sprang up, causing less emphasis in farming | |||
=== Social === | |||
A culture of religious persecution by the local Protestant-led and British Crown was manifest in— | A culture of religious persecution by the local Protestant-led and British Crown was manifest in— | ||
Crop Failures | • distrust of Catholics’ loyalty to the Crown Harsh Penal laws from 1695, stripped all Catholics of their rights to— | ||
Devastating crop failures—especially from 1846 to 1851 killed nearly a million people | |||
British government’s lack of food aid to Ireland during The Great Famine forced nearly half the surviving population to leave Ireland | • practice their own religion outside of the Protestant faith | ||
Famine brought abject poverty, severe malnutrition inducing poor health, (and to some--even death) to 3 million Irish | |||
• vote | |||
• serve as officers in British armed forces | |||
• teach in, or enroll in colleges | |||
• defend themselves with weapons | |||
• practice law | |||
• receive an education | |||
• enter a profession | |||
• hold public office | |||
• be employed or an employer in a trade or in commerce | |||
• live within 5 miles of the civil parish | |||
• own a horse of greater value than five pounds | |||
• purchase land | |||
• lease land | |||
• accept a mortgage on land in security for a loan | |||
• hold a life annuity | |||
• buy land from a Protestant | |||
• receive a gift of land from a Protestant | |||
• inherit land from a Protestant | |||
• inherit anything from a Protestant | |||
• rent any land that was worth more than thirty shillings a year | |||
• reap from his land any profit exceeding a third of the rent | |||
• be a guardian to a child | |||
• leave infant children under Catholic guardianship | |||
• attend Catholic worship | |||
• choose between attendance in a Catholic, or a Protestant place of worship | |||
• educate his child | |||
• be instructed by a Catholic teacher | |||
• send their children abroad to receive education | |||
=== Crop Failures === | |||
Devastating crop failures—especially from 1846 to 1851 killed nearly a million people British government’s lack of food aid to Ireland during The Great Famine forced nearly half the surviving population to leave Ireland Famine brought abject poverty, severe malnutrition inducing poor health, (and to some--even death) to 3-4 million Irish | |||
=== Further Reading === | |||
O hEithir, Breandan, A Pocket History of Ireland, The O'Brien Press, Dublin, Ireland, 1989 MacManus, Seamus, The Story of the Irish Race, The New York Irish Publishing Co., 1921 | |||
O hEithir, Breandan, A Pocket History of Ireland, The O'Brien Press, Dublin, Ireland, 1989 | |||
MacManus, Seamus, The Story of the Irish Race, The New York Irish Publishing Co., 1921 | |||
== Emigration from Ireland == | == Emigration from Ireland == | ||