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France Languages: Difference between revisions
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''[[France]]'' | ''[[France]]'' | ||
Most materials used in French research, including former French colonies in Africa, Asia, the Carribean and North America, are written in French. However, you do not need to speak or read French to do research in French records. You merely need to know some key numbers, words, and phrases to understand the records. | Most materials used in French research, including former French colonies in Africa, Asia, the Carribean and North America, are written in French. However, you do not need to speak or read French to do research in French records. You merely need to know some key numbers, words, and phrases to understand the records. | ||
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''New Cassell's French dictionary: French-English, English-French''. New York, NY, USA: Funk & Wagnalls, 1970. (Family History Library book {{FHL|443.21 C272|disp=443.21 C272}}; not on microfilm.) | ''New Cassell's French dictionary: French-English, English-French''. New York, NY, USA: Funk & Wagnalls, 1970. (Family History Library book {{FHL|443.21 C272|disp=443.21 C272}}; not on microfilm.) | ||
Additional language aids (including dictionaries of various dialects and time periods) are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog in the Place search under FRANCE - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES or in the Subject search under FRENCH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES. | Additional language aids (including dictionaries of various dialects and time periods) are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog in the Place search under FRANCE - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES or in the Subject search under FRENCH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES. | ||
=== French Word List === | === French Word List === | ||
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French words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine or feminine. Generally, adjectives used to describe feminine words end with e. | French words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine or feminine. Generally, adjectives used to describe feminine words end with e. | ||
''Le'' (masculine form of the) is used with masculine words. ''La'' (feminine form of the) is used with feminine words. But ''l’'' is used with either if the word begins with a vowel. For example, the word ''enfant'' means child or infant, either masculine or feminine. But ''l’enfant est né'' (the child is born) is used with a male child, and ''l’enfant est née'' with a female child. | ''Le'' (masculine form of the) is used with masculine words. ''La'' (feminine form of the) is used with feminine words. But ''l’'' is used with either if the word begins with a vowel. For example, the word ''enfant'' means child or infant, either masculine or feminine. But ''l’enfant est né'' (the child is born) is used with a male child, and ''l’enfant est née'' with a female child. | ||
=== Variant Forms of Words === | === Variant Forms of Words === | ||
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Plural forms of French words are usually created by adding s or x to the singular word. Thus ''frère'' becomes ''frères,'' and ''beau'' becomes ''beaux.'' The plural of ''beau-frère'' (brother-in-law) is ''beaux-frères'' (brothers-in-law). | Plural forms of French words are usually created by adding s or x to the singular word. Thus ''frère'' becomes ''frères,'' and ''beau'' becomes ''beaux.'' The plural of ''beau-frère'' (brother-in-law) is ''beaux-frères'' (brothers-in-law). | ||
In French there are five diacritical (accent) marks. These are placed over vowels or under the letter c to indicate a change in pronunciation. The following diacritical marks are used in French: à, â, é, è, ê, ë, î, ï, ô, ö, û, ù and ç. The ç is pronounced as an s. These diacritical marks do not affect alphabetical order. | In French there are five diacritical (accent) marks. These are placed over vowels or under the letter c to indicate a change in pronunciation. The following diacritical marks are used in French: à, â, é, è, ê, ë, î, ï, ô, ö, û, ù and ç. The ç is pronounced as an s. These diacritical marks do not affect alphabetical order. | ||
=== Spelling === | === Spelling === | ||
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<br>à at, to, in <br>a has <br>abjurations renunciations of Protestant faith <br>absolution absolution, last rites <br>accoucher give birth <br>accoucheuse midwife <br>à cet endroit in this place <br>acheter to buy <br>acte de baptême baptismal record <br>acte de décès death record <br>acte de naissance birth certificate, record <br>acte de sépulture burial record <br>adjoint du maire mayor’s assistant <br>adopté(e) adopted <br>adultère adulterer <br>affiché posted (on door) <br>afficher les bans post banns <br>âgé(e) aged <br>ai (ay) I have <br>aïeul grandfather <br>aïeule grandmother <br>aîné (l’aîné) the older, senior <br>ainsi que as well as <br>à jour current <br> | <br>à at, to, in <br>a has <br>abjurations renunciations of Protestant faith <br>absolution absolution, last rites <br>accoucher give birth <br>accoucheuse midwife <br>à cet endroit in this place <br>acheter to buy <br>acte de baptême baptismal record <br>acte de décès death record <br>acte de naissance birth certificate, record <br>acte de sépulture burial record <br>adjoint du maire mayor’s assistant <br>adopté(e) adopted <br>adultère adulterer <br>affiché posted (on door) <br>afficher les bans post banns <br>âgé(e) aged <br>ai (ay) (I) have <br>aïeul grandfather <br>aïeule grandmother <br>aîné (l’aîné) the older, senior <br>ainsi que as well as <br>à jour current <br>Algérie Algeria <br>alité bedridden <br>allemand(e) German <br>alliance marriage <br>alsacien(ne) Alsatian <br>ami(e) friend <br>an (année) year <br>anabaptiste Mennonite <br>anglais(e) English <br>anniversaire anniversary <br>annuaire directory <br>annuel annual, yearly <br>août August <br>apparu appeared <br>appelé(e) named <br>apprenti apprentice <br>approuvé approved <br>après after <br>après-midi afternoon <br>arbre généalogique family tree, pedigree <br>archives archive <br>Archives du Royaume state archives (Belgium) <br>Archives Nationales state archives (France) <br>a reçu has received <br>armoiries coat of arms <br>arpent acre <br>arpenteur surveyor <br>arpète errand boy, apprentice <br>arrière great (as in great-grandparents) <br>arrondissement district (administrative division of a French département) <br>attaque seizure <br>au at the, in the <br>aubergiste innkeeper <br>aucun(e) no, none <br>au dessus over <br>aujourd’hui today <br>au même endroit at the same place <br>auparavant former <br>aussi also, as, since <br>autant as much <br>autorisation permission <br>autour around <br>autre other <br>avant former, before <br>avant-hier the day before yesterday <br>avec with <br>avocat attorney <br>avoir to have <br>avons (we) have <br>avril April <br>ayant having <br> | ||
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<br>Paper publication: Second edition 1997. English approval: 4/97. <br> | <br>Paper publication: Second edition 1997. English approval: 4/97. <br> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:France_Language_and_Handwriting]] [[Category:Word_List|French]] [[Category:Language_and_Languages|France]] | ||