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*'''1846:''' The Mormon Battalion built Cooke's Wagon Road, south of the Gila River. The road became a favorite route across Arizona and into California for early prospectors and pioneers. | *'''1846:''' The Mormon Battalion built Cooke's Wagon Road, south of the Gila River. The road became a favorite route across Arizona and into California for early prospectors and pioneers. | ||
*'''1846:''' U.S. Military under command of Col. Alexander W. Doniphan engaged the Navajo at Bear Springs. US occupied what is now New Mexico, effectively controlling it. | *'''1846:''' U.S. Military under command of Col. Alexander W. Doniphan engaged the Navajo at Bear Springs. US occupied what is now New Mexico, effectively controlling it. | ||
*'''1848''' Mexico ceded land north of the Gila River, to the United States, including a major portion of Arizona. | *'''4 July 1848:''' In the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexico ceded land north of the Gila River, to the United States, including a major portion of Arizona. | ||
*'''1850:''' New Mexico Territory created. First Federal Census of territory taken. | *'''13 Dec 1850:''' New Mexico Territory created. First Federal Census of territory taken. | ||
*'''1853''' The Gadsden Purchase bought from Mexico, | *'''30 Dec 1853:''' The Gadsden Purchase bought from Mexico, land south of the Gila River. | ||
*''' | *'''3 Feb 1855''' All the Gadsden Purchase added to Dona Ana county, New Mexico Territory. | ||
*'''5 Apr 1860''' An unofficial convention held in Tucson declared the creation of the Territory of Arizona from the southern half of New Mexico Territory. A provisional constitution and government was setup, along with 4 counties. | |||
*'''13 Jan 1862:'''The Confederate States of America recognized this Arizona Territory as one of their territories. But the confederacy soon lost control of Arizona and New Mexico land. | |||
*'''1862:''' Indian battle of Apache Pass. Battle of Picacho Pass (Western most battle of Civil War) | *'''1862:''' Indian battle of Apache Pass. Battle of Picacho Pass (Western most battle of Civil War) | ||
*'''24 February 1863''' Territory of Arizona created by US from the western half of New Mexico Territory. | *'''24 February 1863''' Territory of Arizona created by US from the western half of New Mexico Territory. | ||