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''[[United States Genealogy|United | ''[[United States Genealogy|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Migration Internal|Migration]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Roads]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Lower_Cherokee_Traders'_Path|Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]]'' | ||
The '''Lower Cherokee Traders' Path''' originally connected the [[Catawba Indians| | The '''Lower Cherokee Traders' Path''' originally connected the [[Catawba Indians|Catawba]] Indian villages in the Waxhaws (Charlotte area) in [[North Carolina Genealogy|North Carolina]] with [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee]] Indian "[http://gaz.jrshelby.com/cherokee-lower.htm Lower Towns]" in [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolina]] and [[Georgia Genealogy (state)|Georgia]] (Tugaloo). Part of the [[Upper Road]] followed the same route as the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path. The length of the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path from Charlotte, North Carolina to Tugaloo, Georgia was about 160 miles (260 km).[[Image:Lower Cherokee Traders' Path.png|right|375px]] | ||
=== Historical Background === | === Historical Background === | ||
The '''Lower Cherokee Traders' Path''' was an important trade route on the Piedmont connecting the Cherokee and other interior tribes with the Occaneechi tribe, middlemen traders in southern Virginia, to the early European colonists on the Chesapeake Bay. It was considered the west fork of the [[Occaneechi Path]] (Traders' Path) and became a major part of the [[Upper Road]]. For a list and map of other South Carolina roads see [[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Settlement_Patterns|South Carolina Emigration and | The '''Lower Cherokee Traders' Path''' was an important trade route on the Piedmont connecting the Cherokee and other interior tribes with the Occaneechi tribe, middlemen traders in southern Virginia, to the early European colonists on the Chesapeake Bay. It was considered the west fork of the [[Occaneechi Path]] (Traders' Path) and became a major part of the [[Upper Road]]. For a list and map of other South Carolina roads see [[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Settlement_Patterns|South Carolina Emigration and Immigration]]. | ||
By 1748 the Upper Road was open and settlers began pouring in. At first a few traders, isolated farmers, or innkeepers settled along the path with Cherokee permission. The first European settlement in counties along the Path happened as follows: Mecklenburg 1740s, Gaston 1740s,<ref>North Carolina - The Counties, http://www.carolana.com/NC/Counties/nc_counties_alphabetical_order.html (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> York 1750, Cherokee 1750s, Spartanburg 1755, Greenville 1777, British Fort Prince George in Pickens 1753 , Oconee 1784,<ref>South Carolina - The Counties, http://www.carolana.com/SC/Counties/sc_counties_alphabetical_order.html (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> and Stephens 1781.<ref>"Jesse Walton d. 1789," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=W012 (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> Between 1750 and 1784 the Lower Cherokee Traders path through South Carolina helped bring as many as 250,000 settlers to the area as the Cherokee Indians ceded more and more lands. In 1760 there was a war between South Carolina and the Cherokee in which most lower Cherokee villages were destroyed. During the Revolutionary War the Cherokee sided with the British. After a Cherokee-British attack in 1776, a Patriot counter-attack drove most of the remaining Cherokee from South Carolina.<ref>Oconee County, Carolina" in South Carolina: The Counties at http://www.carolana.com/SC/Counties/oconee_county_sc.html (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> | By 1748 the Upper Road was open and settlers began pouring in. At first a few traders, isolated farmers, or innkeepers settled along the path with Cherokee permission. The first European settlement in counties along the Path happened as follows: Mecklenburg 1740s, Gaston 1740s,<ref>North Carolina - The Counties, http://www.carolana.com/NC/Counties/nc_counties_alphabetical_order.html (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> York 1750, Cherokee 1750s, Spartanburg 1755, Greenville 1777, British Fort Prince George in Pickens 1753 , Oconee 1784,<ref>South Carolina - The Counties, http://www.carolana.com/SC/Counties/sc_counties_alphabetical_order.html (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> and Stephens 1781.<ref>"Jesse Walton d. 1789," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=W012 (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> Between 1750 and 1784 the Lower Cherokee Traders path through South Carolina helped bring as many as 250,000 settlers to the area as the Cherokee Indians ceded more and more lands. In 1760 there was a war between South Carolina and the Cherokee in which most lower Cherokee villages were destroyed. During the Revolutionary War the Cherokee sided with the British. After a Cherokee-British attack in 1776, a Patriot counter-attack drove most of the remaining Cherokee from South Carolina.<ref>Oconee County, Carolina" in South Carolina: The Counties at http://www.carolana.com/SC/Counties/oconee_county_sc.html (accessed 1 February 2011).</ref> | ||
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'''Counties on the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path''' (east to west)<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 851. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.]</ref> | '''Counties on the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path''' (east to west)<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 851. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.]</ref> | ||
*'''''North Carolina: ''''' [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina| | *'''''North Carolina: ''''' [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina|Mecklenburg]], [[Gaston County, North Carolina|Gaston]] | ||
*'''''South Carolina: ''''' [[York County, South Carolina|York]], [[Cherokee County, South Carolina| | *'''''South Carolina: ''''' [[York County, South Carolina|York]], [[Cherokee County, South Carolina|Cherokee]], [[Spartanburg County, South Carolina|Spartanburg]], [[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville]], [[Pickens County, South Carolina|Pickens]], [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee]] | ||
*'''''Georgia: ''''' [[Stephens County, Georgia Genealogy| | *'''''Georgia: ''''' [[Stephens County, Georgia Genealogy|Stephens]] | ||
'''Overlapping and Connecting Routes.''' The [[Upper Road]], the [[Occaneechi Path]], and the [[Great Valley Road]] (south fork) all connected to the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path at Charlotte, North Carolina. The Lower Cherokee Traders' Path and [[Upper Road]] fork off to the west though Gaston County, North Carolina and all six of the northern-most counties of South Carolina.<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat | '''Overlapping and Connecting Routes.''' The [[Upper Road]], the [[Occaneechi Path]], and the [[Great Valley Road]] (south fork) all connected to the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path at Charlotte, North Carolina. The Lower Cherokee Traders' Path and [[Upper Road]] fork off to the west though Gaston County, North Carolina and all six of the northern-most counties of South Carolina.<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref> | ||
The [[Catawba and Northern Trail]] (for a map, [[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Settlement_Patterns|click | The [[Catawba and Northern Trail]] (for a map, [[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Settlement_Patterns|click here]]) leaves the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path at York County, South Caroina and heads north to the Yadkin River settlements in North Carolina. The [[Cherokee Old Path]] and a branch of the [[Catawba Trail]] started north from the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path near Greenville County. | ||
Several trails continued on from the the western end of the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path at the former Cherokee village of Tugaloo, Georgia. | Several trails continued on from the the western end of the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path at the former Cherokee village of Tugaloo, Georgia. | ||
:*Savannah River | :*Savannah River | ||
:*[[Lower_Cherokee_Traders'_Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee | :*[[Lower_Cherokee_Traders'_Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to the Catawba Indians ([[Charlotte, North Carolina]]) | ||
:*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee | :*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to [[Washington County, Virginia]] on the [[Great Valley Road]] (also known as the [[Great Indian Warpath]]) | ||
:*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, | :*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, Alabama]] | ||
:*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de | :*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de Apalachee] | ||
:*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo | :*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] originally to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_Town,_South_Carolina Savannah Town, South Carolina] and later [[Augusta, Georgia]] | ||
:*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo | :*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo], Georgia to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Prince_George_(South_Carolina) Fort Prince George], to [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and to [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. | ||
:*[[Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee | :*[[Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee County]] down to old [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlotte] in northwest [[McCormick County, South Carolina]] | ||
:*[[Upper Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, | :*[[Upper Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Macon, Georgia]] | ||
:*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi | :*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi Turnpike]] opened to a few European traders 1690, but the wagon road was not opened to settlers until 1813 from near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] headed northwest to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee Overhill Cherokee villages] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee Knoxville] in [[Tennessee Genealogy|Tennessee]]<ref>Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 3 May 2011).</ref><ref>William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref> | ||
=== Settlers and Records === | === Settlers and Records === | ||
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=== External Links === | === External Links === | ||
*[http://gaz.jrshelby.com/cherokee-lower.htm Cherokee Lower | *[http://gaz.jrshelby.com/cherokee-lower.htm Cherokee Lower Towns] has maps of town locations, a link to a Revolutionary War battle database, sources, and list of Revolutionary War battles involving Cherokees. | ||
*[http://files.usgwarchives.net/ga/history/earlytrails.txt Georgia History Early | *[http://files.usgwarchives.net/ga/history/earlytrails.txt Georgia History Early Trails] describes westward migration on and route of the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path and other routes through Georgia. | ||
*Wikipedia contributors, "Tugaloo," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo (accessed 5 April 2011). | *Wikipedia contributors, "Tugaloo," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo (accessed 5 April 2011). | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{North Carolina|North Carolina}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}{{Georgia|Georgia}}<div></div> | {{North Carolina|North Carolina}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}{{Georgia|Georgia}}<div></div> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:North_Carolina]] [[Category:South_Carolina]] [[Category:Georgia]] | ||