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Upper Road: Difference between revisions
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''[[United States Genealogy|United | ''[[United States Genealogy|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Migration Internal|Migration]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Roads]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Upper_Road|Upper Road]]'' | ||
The '''Upper Road''' or "Piedmont Road" splits off from the [[King's | The '''Upper Road''' or "Piedmont Road" splits off from the [[King's Highway]] at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was roughly parallel to, but farther inland than the coastal [[King's Highway]] and more inland [[Fall Line Road]] until it rejoined that later road at Macon, Georgia. The Upper Road was especially popular among the Scots-Irish (or Ulster Irish) colonists who settled the backcountry mountains. In Virginia there is no modern equivalent road because reservoirs now cover the old trail. Interstate 85 is roughly the same as the Upper Road in the Carolinas.<ref name="BWhit">Beverly Whitaker, "The Upper Road" (1995) in ''Genealogy Tutor'' at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gentutor/upper.pdf (accessed 24 January 2011).</ref> The length of the Upper Road from Fredericksburg, Virginia to Macon, Georgia was approximately 585 miles (940 km).<br> | ||
[[Image:Colonial Roads in the South.png|right|400px]]As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway. | [[Image:Colonial Roads in the South.png|right|400px]]As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway. | ||
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=== Historical Background === | === Historical Background === | ||
By the 1740s another road beside the Fall Line Road into the interior of Virginia and the Carolinas was needed. By 1748 the original trails were improved enough to be considered wagon roads. This set of trails came to be called the '''Upper Road''' or Piedmont Road and provided major access to interior farm lands. During the Revolutionary War these roads were important to both sides moving troops in the campaigns of the southern states.<ref name="DollarM">William Dollarhide, ''Map Guide to American Migration Routes 1735-1815'' (Bountiful, Utah: Heritage Quest, 1997), 6, 7, 33, and 36. ({{FHL|660781|item|disp=FHL Book 973 E3d}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38096564 WorldCat | By the 1740s another road beside the Fall Line Road into the interior of Virginia and the Carolinas was needed. By 1748 the original trails were improved enough to be considered wagon roads. This set of trails came to be called the '''Upper Road''' or Piedmont Road and provided major access to interior farm lands. During the Revolutionary War these roads were important to both sides moving troops in the campaigns of the southern states.<ref name="DollarM">William Dollarhide, ''Map Guide to American Migration Routes 1735-1815'' (Bountiful, Utah: Heritage Quest, 1997), 6, 7, 33, and 36. ({{FHL|660781|item|disp=FHL Book 973 E3d}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38096564 WorldCat entry].</ref> | ||
Both the '''Upper Road''', and the [[Fall Line Road]] ended at Macon, Georgia. In 1806 the federal government signed a treaty with the Creek Indians authorizing a "horse path" (mail route) through Indian land from Macon to New Orleans, Louisiana. The Creek Indians were postmasters along this extension to the west.<ref name="DollarM" /> | Both the '''Upper Road''', and the [[Fall Line Road]] ended at Macon, Georgia. In 1806 the federal government signed a treaty with the Creek Indians authorizing a "horse path" (mail route) through Indian land from Macon to New Orleans, Louisiana. The Creek Indians were postmasters along this extension to the west.<ref name="DollarM" /> | ||
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'''Upper Road Counties'''<ref name="BWhit" /> | '''Upper Road Counties'''<ref name="BWhit" /> | ||
*'''''Virginia: ''''' [[Fredericksburg, Virginia| | *'''''Virginia: ''''' [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]], [[Spotsylvania County, Virginia|Spotsylvania]], [[Louisa County, Virginia|Louisa]], [[Goochland County, Virginia|Goochland]], [[Powhatan County, Virginia|Powhatan]], [[Amelia County, Virginia|Amelia]], [[Nottoway County, Virginia|Nottoway]], [[Lunenburg County, Virginia|Lunenburg]], and [[Mecklenburg County, Virginia|Mecklenburg]]. | ||
*'''''North Carolina: ''''' [[Granville County, North Carolina| | *'''''North Carolina: ''''' [[Granville County, North Carolina|Granville]], [[Orange County, North Carolina|Orange]], [[Alamance County, North Carolina|Alamance]], [[Randolph County, North Carolina|Randolph]], [[Davidson County, North Carolina|Davidson]], [[Rowan County, North Carolina|Rowan]], [[Cabarrus County, North Carolina|Cabarrus]], [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina|Mecklenburg]], [[Gaston County, North Carolina|Gaston]]. | ||
*'''''South Carolina: ''''' [[York County, South Carolina|York]], [[Cherokee County, South Carolina| | *'''''South Carolina: ''''' [[York County, South Carolina|York]], [[Cherokee County, South Carolina|Cherokee]], [[Spartanburg County, South Carolina|Spartanburg]], [[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville]], [[Pickens County, South Carolina|Pickens]], [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee]]. | ||
*'''''Georgia: ''''' [[Stephens County, Georgia Genealogy| | *'''''Georgia: ''''' [[Stephens County, Georgia Genealogy|Stephens]], [[Franklin County, Georgia Genealogy|Franklin]], [[Madison County, Georgia Genealogy|Madison]], [[Clarke County, Georgia Genealogy|Clarke]], [[Oconee County, Georgia Genealogy|Oconee]], [[Morgan County, Georgia Genealogy|Morgan]], [[Putnam County, Georgia Genealogy|Putnam]], [[Jones County, Georgia Genealogy|Jones]], [[Bibb County, Georgia Genealogy|Bibb]]. | ||
<div style="width: 147%; float: left"> | <div style="width: 147%; float: left"> | ||
'''Overlapping routes.''' From about the Virginia-North Carolina border to Charlotte, the '''Upper Road''' and the [[Occaneechi Path]] followed the same route. From Salisbury to Charlotte, North Carolina the southern fork of the [[Great Valley Road]] was also the same as the Upper Road. And from Charlotte, North Carolina to Tugaloo, Georgia, the Upper Road followed the [[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]]. For a map showing these overlapping trails see [[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Settlement_Patterns|South Carolina Emigration and | '''Overlapping routes.''' From about the Virginia-North Carolina border to Charlotte, the '''Upper Road''' and the [[Occaneechi Path]] followed the same route. From Salisbury to Charlotte, North Carolina the southern fork of the [[Great Valley Road]] was also the same as the Upper Road. And from Charlotte, North Carolina to Tugaloo, Georgia, the Upper Road followed the [[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]]. For a map showing these overlapping trails see [[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Settlement_Patterns|South Carolina Emigration and Immigration]]. | ||
'''Connecting routes.''' | '''Connecting routes.''' | ||
At the north end of the Upper Road three main roads converge at [[Fredericksburg, | At the north end of the Upper Road three main roads converge at [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]]: | ||
:*[[King's | :*[[King's Highway]] which connects Boston, Massachusetts to [[Savannah, Georgia]] | ||
:*[[Fall Line Road]] connecting [[Fredericksburg, | :*[[Fall Line Road]] connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Montgomery, Alabama]] | ||
:*[[Upper_Road]] connecting [[Fredericksburg, | :*[[Upper_Road]] connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Macon, Georgia]] | ||
Trails that meet the Upper Road near Tugaloo, Georgia area include: | Trails that meet the Upper Road near Tugaloo, Georgia area include: | ||
:*Savannah River | :*Savannah River | ||
:*[[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee | :*[[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to the Catawba Indians ([[Charlotte, North Carolina]]) | ||
:*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee | :*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to [[Washington County, Virginia]] on the [[Great Valley Road]] (also known as the [[Great Indian Warpath]]) | ||
:*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, | :*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, Alabama]] | ||
:*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de | :*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de Apalachee] | ||
:*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo | :*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] originally to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_Town,_South_Carolina Savannah Town, South Carolina] and later [[Augusta, Georgia]] | ||
:*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo | :*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo], Georgia to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Prince_George_(South_Carolina) Fort Prince George], to [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and to [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. | ||
:*[[Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee | :*[[Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee County]] down to old [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlotte] in northwest [[McCormick County, South Carolina]] | ||
:*[[Upper_Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, | :*[[Upper_Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Macon, Georgia]] | ||
:*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi | :*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi Turnpike]] opened to a few European traders 1690, but the wagon road was not opened to settlers until 1813 from near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] headed northwest to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee Overhill Cherokee villages] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee Knoxville] in [[Tennessee Genealogy|Tennessee]]<ref>Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 3 May 2011).</ref><ref>William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
At the south end of the Upper Road it connects with: | At the south end of the Upper Road it connects with: | ||
:*[[Fall Line Road]] connecting [[Fredericksburg, | :*[[Fall Line Road]] connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Montgomery, Alabama]] | ||
:*[[Federal Horse Path]] which extends from Macon, Georgia toward New Orleans, Louisiana. | :*[[Federal Horse Path]] which extends from Macon, Georgia toward New Orleans, Louisiana. | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Virginia|Virginia}}{{North Carolina|North Carolina}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}{{Georgia|Georgia}}<div></div> | {{Virginia|Virginia}}{{North Carolina|North Carolina}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}{{Georgia|Georgia}}<div></div> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:Virginia]] [[Category:North_Carolina]] [[Category:South_Carolina]] [[Category:Georgia]] | ||