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Jewish Glossary: Difference between revisions
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''[[Jewish Genealogy Research|Jewish | ''[[Jewish Genealogy Research|Jewish Genealogy]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Jewish_Glossary|Glossary]]''<br> | ||
'''Ashkenazi '''– Yiddish-speaking Jews who originated in Central and Eastern Europe. One of the two divisions of Jews. | '''Ashkenazi '''– Yiddish-speaking Jews who originated in Central and Eastern Europe. One of the two divisions of Jews. | ||
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'''Circumcision''' – A Jewish rite performed on male infants as a sign of inclusion in the Jewish religious community. | '''Circumcision''' – A Jewish rite performed on male infants as a sign of inclusion in the Jewish religious community. | ||
'''Civil registration''' – The official government recording of births, marriages, and deaths. In some cases church records were the primary registration of a locality (see “Civil transcripts” next). See also the [[Jewish Civil Registration|Jewish Civil Registration]] and [[Jewish Vital Records|Jewish Vital | '''Civil registration''' – The official government recording of births, marriages, and deaths. In some cases church records were the primary registration of a locality (see “Civil transcripts” next). See also the [[Jewish Civil Registration|Jewish Civil Registration]] and [[Jewish Vital Records|Jewish Vital Records]] Wiki pages.<br> | ||
'''Civil transcripts''' – Government mandated copies of birth, marriage, and death records made by church officials or appointed Jewish officials. See the [[Jewish Civil Registration|Jewish Civil Registration]] Wiki page. | '''Civil transcripts''' – Government mandated copies of birth, marriage, and death records made by church officials or appointed Jewish officials. See the [[Jewish Civil Registration|Jewish Civil Registration]] Wiki page. | ||
'''Concentration camp''' – Places of incarceration where those detained had no due process and where the regular laws of the land were not recognized. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish | '''Concentration camp''' – Places of incarceration where those detained had no due process and where the regular laws of the land were not recognized. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish Holocaust]] and [[Jewish Concentration Camps|Jewish Concentration Camps]] Wiki pages. | ||
'''Confirmation''' – A ceremony performed in some Reform and Conservative synagogues to replace or supplement the bar mitzvah. | '''Confirmation''' – A ceremony performed in some Reform and Conservative synagogues to replace or supplement the bar mitzvah. | ||
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'''Eastern Jews (Oriental Jews)''' – Jews descended from ancient communities in Islamic lands, North Africa, Persia, Arabia, Yemen, and Turkey. This term is often applied to Jews who do not fit into the Ashkenazic or Sephardic distinction. These groups are relatively small and not many of them have emigrated to North America. | '''Eastern Jews (Oriental Jews)''' – Jews descended from ancient communities in Islamic lands, North Africa, Persia, Arabia, Yemen, and Turkey. This term is often applied to Jews who do not fit into the Ashkenazic or Sephardic distinction. These groups are relatively small and not many of them have emigrated to North America. | ||
'''Holocaust, Jewish''' – The genocidal murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II, 1939–1945. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish | '''Holocaust, Jewish''' – The genocidal murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II, 1939–1945. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish Holocaust]] and [[Jewish Concentration Camps|Jewish Concentration Camps]] Wiki pages. | ||
'''International Tracing Service''' – An organization founded in 1946 and operated since 1955 by the International Red Cross. The aim of the ITS is to collect information on those who were missing, deported, or incarcerated in concentration camps. | '''International Tracing Service''' – An organization founded in 1946 and operated since 1955 by the International Red Cross. The aim of the ITS is to collect information on those who were missing, deported, or incarcerated in concentration camps. | ||
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'''Ladino''' – A Romance language, usually written in Hebrew characters, used by Sephardic Jews, especially in the Balkans. | '''Ladino''' – A Romance language, usually written in Hebrew characters, used by Sephardic Jews, especially in the Balkans. | ||
'''Landsmannshaften''' – Organization of Jews from the same town or region. See the [[Jewish Societies|Jewish | '''Landsmannshaften''' – Organization of Jews from the same town or region. See the [[Jewish Societies|Jewish Societies]] Wiki page.<br> | ||
'''Levite''' – A descendant of the tribe of Levi. They performed certain duties in connection with the Temple. | '''Levite''' – A descendant of the tribe of Levi. They performed certain duties in connection with the Temple. | ||
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'''Orthodox''' – A major movement within Judaism that follows a strict interpretation and observance of Jewish law from both the Torah and Talmud commentaries. Orthodoxy includes modern Orthodox Jews who integrate into modern society and the Chasidic Jews who live separately and dress distinctively. | '''Orthodox''' – A major movement within Judaism that follows a strict interpretation and observance of Jewish law from both the Torah and Talmud commentaries. Orthodoxy includes modern Orthodox Jews who integrate into modern society and the Chasidic Jews who live separately and dress distinctively. | ||
'''Pages of Testimony '''– A preprinted form available from Yad Vashem that documents a Jewish person who died in the Holocaust. The forms are filled out by people who are able to provide information on the fate of Holocaust victims. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish | '''Pages of Testimony '''– A preprinted form available from Yad Vashem that documents a Jewish person who died in the Holocaust. The forms are filled out by people who are able to provide information on the fate of Holocaust victims. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish Holocaust]] Wiki page. | ||
'''Pale of Settlement (Pale of Jewish Settlement)''' – Western area of the Russian Empire where Jews were legally allowed to live. It began with the first partition of Poland in 1772 and existed until World War I. See the [[Jewish Population Maps|Population | '''Pale of Settlement (Pale of Jewish Settlement)''' – Western area of the Russian Empire where Jews were legally allowed to live. It began with the first partition of Poland in 1772 and existed until World War I. See the [[Jewish Population Maps|Population Maps]] Wiki page. <br> | ||
'''Pinkas''' – A register of a Jewish community in which the proceedings of and events related to the community are recorded. | '''Pinkas''' – A register of a Jewish community in which the proceedings of and events related to the community are recorded. | ||
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'''Sephardic''' – Descendants of the Jews who lived in Spain or Portugal before 1492. The term is now often applied to Jews of Arabic and Middle Eastern background who are more accurately called Eastern Jews. | '''Sephardic''' – Descendants of the Jews who lived in Spain or Portugal before 1492. The term is now often applied to Jews of Arabic and Middle Eastern background who are more accurately called Eastern Jews. | ||
'''Shtetl''' – A Jewish town or community, especially in Eastern Europe. See the JewishGen [[Jewish ShtetlSeeker| | '''Shtetl''' – A Jewish town or community, especially in Eastern Europe. See the JewishGen [[Jewish ShtetlSeeker|ShtetlSeeker]] Wiki page. | ||
'''Synagogue''' – A Jewish house of worship and study. See the [[Jewish Synagogue Records|Jewish Synagogue | '''Synagogue''' – A Jewish house of worship and study. See the [[Jewish Synagogue Records|Jewish Synagogue Records]] Wiki page. | ||
'''Talmud''' – The collection of the Jewish oral tradition and rabbinical commentary interpreting the Torah. | '''Talmud''' – The collection of the Jewish oral tradition and rabbinical commentary interpreting the Torah. | ||
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'''Torah''' – The biblical books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. | '''Torah''' – The biblical books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. | ||
'''Yeshiva''' – An academy of Jewish learning and scholarship. See the [[Jewish Schools|Jewish | '''Yeshiva''' – An academy of Jewish learning and scholarship. See the [[Jewish Schools|Jewish Schools]] Wiki page. | ||
'''Yiddish''' – A language very similar to German, usually written in Hebrew characters, that was spoken chiefly by Ashkenazi Jews in Eastern Europe and the places to which those Jews migrated. | '''Yiddish''' – A language very similar to German, usually written in Hebrew characters, that was spoken chiefly by Ashkenazi Jews in Eastern Europe and the places to which those Jews migrated. | ||
'''Yizkor books''' – Memorial books published by Holocaust survivors from a particular town or region. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish | '''Yizkor books''' – Memorial books published by Holocaust survivors from a particular town or region. See the [[Jewish Holocaust|Jewish Holocaust]] Wiki page. | ||
{{Jewish|Jewish}}<br> | {{Jewish|Jewish}}<br> | ||
[[Category:Jewish records]] [[Category:Glossary]] | |||