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Quick Guide to African American Records: Difference between revisions

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''[[United States|United State[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:African American Records]]] [[African American Research|African American Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Quick_Guide_to_African_American_Records|Search Stategie[[Category:African American Records]]]''  
''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[African American Research|African American Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Quick_Guide_to_African_American_Records|Search Stategies]]''  


[[Image:PowersBibleQuilt 1898.jpg|right|300px|PowersBibleQuilt 1898.jp[[Category:African American Records]]]This ''Search Strategies'' section describes:<br><br>  
[[Image:PowersBibleQuilt 1898.jpg|right|300px|PowersBibleQuilt 1898.jpg]]This ''Search Strategies'' section describes:<br><br>  


*Strategies for discovering your African American ancestors in various periods of history:<br>
*Strategies for discovering your African American ancestors in various periods of history:<br>
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===== General U. S. Records  =====
===== General U. S. Records  =====


1. Search United States records, as described in the [[United State[[Category:African American Records]]] Wiki page such as:  
1. Search United States records, as described in the [[United States]] Wiki page such as:  


:*[[United States Census|Census record[[Category:African American Records]]]  
:*[[United States Census|Census records]]  
:*[[United States Military Records|Military record[[Category:African American Records]]]  
:*[[United States Military Records|Military records]]  
:*[[Homestead Records|Homestead record[[Category:African American Records]]]  
:*[[Homestead Records|Homestead records]]  
:*[[Social Security Death Index (SSDI)|Social Security Death Index]]
:*[[Social Security Death Index (SSDI)|Social Security Death Index]]


:You can see more information about these topics by clicking on them.
:You can see more information about these topics by clicking on them.


2. Search records from the [[United States#States|stat[[Category:African American Records]]] where your ancestor lived.  
2. Search records from the [[United States#States|state]] where your ancestor lived.  


:*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ Cemetery record[[Category:African American Records]]<br>  
:*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ Cemetery records]<br>  
:*City directories  
:*City directories  
:*Church records<br>  
:*Church records<br>  
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4. An excellent guide that carefully explains how to search for your ancestors is:  
4. An excellent guide that carefully explains how to search for your ancestors is:  


*Woodtor, Dee Parmer. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40331192 Finding a Place Called Home: An African American Guide to Genealogical and Historical Identit[[Category:African American Records]]''. New York: Random House, 1999. {{FHL| 973 F2wd}}. This explains basic as well as complex research techniques. It includes unique sources such as the records of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
*Woodtor, Dee Parmer. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40331192 Finding a Place Called Home: An African American Guide to Genealogical and Historical Identity]''. New York: Random House, 1999. {{FHL| 973 F2wd}}. This explains basic as well as complex research techniques. It includes unique sources such as the records of the Freedmen’s Bureau.


5. Join an African American Genealogical Society in your area or the area where your ancestors lived.  
5. Join an African American Genealogical Society in your area or the area where your ancestors lived.  
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African American records at the Family History Library are listed in the bibliography below. Look for records from the place and time your ancestor lived.  
African American records at the Family History Library are listed in the bibliography below. Look for records from the place and time your ancestor lived.  


*Taylor, Marie. [https://www.familysearch.org/s/catalog/show?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.familysearch.org%3A8080%2Fwww-catalogapi-webservice%2Fitem%2F956235&hash=HloWXpZgU9zB10k5M56iYku8TUc%253D ''Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''.[[Category:African American Records]]Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 F23tm}} &amp; {{FHL| 6002568}}.) This bibliography:
*Taylor, Marie. [https://www.familysearch.org/s/catalog/show?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.familysearch.org%3A8080%2Fwww-catalogapi-webservice%2Fitem%2F956235&hash=HloWXpZgU9zB10k5M56iYku8TUc%253D ''Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''. ]Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 F23tm}} &amp; {{FHL| 6002568}}.) This bibliography:


:*Has citations for about 3,320 African American sources.  
:*Has citations for about 3,320 African American sources.  
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:*Burkett, Randall. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23047573 Black Biographical Dictionaries 1790–1950: Cumulative Index]''
:*Burkett, Randall. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23047573 Black Biographical Dictionaries 1790–1950: Cumulative Index]''


For information about [[Melungeon[[Category:African American Records]]], tri-racial families, African Americans with Native American ancestry, and free people of color see the Taylor bibliography, pages 54–56. <br>  
For information about [[Melungeons]], tri-racial families, African Americans with Native American ancestry, and free people of color see the Taylor bibliography, pages 54–56. <br>  


The following records can help you determine if an ancestor was born free or freed by a slave owner.  
The following records can help you determine if an ancestor was born free or freed by a slave owner.  
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*Taylor, Marie. ''{{FSbook|60362}} Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''. Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 F23tm}} &amp; {{FHL| 6002568}}.) Look under "Migration" in both the "Subject" and "Locality" sections. (For&nbsp;help&nbsp;see "Note" under the heading, African American Records.)  
*Taylor, Marie. ''{{FSbook|60362}} Family History Library Bibliography of African American Sources''. Salt Lake City: Family History Library, 2000. ({{FHL|956235|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 F23tm}} &amp; {{FHL| 6002568}}.) Look under "Migration" in both the "Subject" and "Locality" sections. (For&nbsp;help&nbsp;see "Note" under the heading, African American Records.)  
*National Underground Railroad Freedom Center at [http://tinyurl.com/6sktldj Freedman's Bank Record[[Category:African American Records]] (accessed&nbsp;22&nbsp;Dec.&nbsp;2011).  
*National Underground Railroad Freedom Center at [http://tinyurl.com/6sktldj Freedman's Bank Records] (accessed&nbsp;22&nbsp;Dec.&nbsp;2011).  
*National Geographic, [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad/j1.html "The Underground Railroad"]&nbsp; (accessed&nbsp;22 Dec.&nbsp;2011).  
*National Geographic, [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad/j1.html "The Underground Railroad"]&nbsp; (accessed&nbsp;22 Dec.&nbsp;2011).  
*See the tutorial at FamilySearch Learning Center on the&nbsp;[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/national-underground-railroad-activities-and-accomplishments/147 "National Underground Railroad: Activities and Accomplishments"]
*See the tutorial at FamilySearch Learning Center on the&nbsp;[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/national-underground-railroad-activities-and-accomplishments/147 "National Underground Railroad: Activities and Accomplishments"]
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==== Making the Slave Connection  ====
==== Making the Slave Connection  ====


[[Image:James Hopkinsons Plantation Slaves Planting Sweet Potatoes.jpg|right|300px|James Hopkinsons Plantation Slaves Planting Sweet Potatoes.jp[[Category:African American Records]]]You must first identify the slave owner, and then study the owner’s records for clues to your family. Correctly identifying your ancestor in slave records is difficult. Even professional researchers are successful only about 50 percent of the time.<br><br>  
[[Image:James Hopkinsons Plantation Slaves Planting Sweet Potatoes.jpg|right|300px|James Hopkinsons Plantation Slaves Planting Sweet Potatoes.jpg]]You must first identify the slave owner, and then study the owner’s records for clues to your family. Correctly identifying your ancestor in slave records is difficult. Even professional researchers are successful only about 50 percent of the time.<br><br>  


Keep in mind that only about 15 percent of former slaves took their last slave owner’s surname. Some took the surname of people they admired, such as Lincoln or Washington, and some took a surname they had been using for many years without the knowledge of the slave owner.  
Keep in mind that only about 15 percent of former slaves took their last slave owner’s surname. Some took the surname of people they admired, such as Lincoln or Washington, and some took a surname they had been using for many years without the knowledge of the slave owner.  
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===== Military Records  =====
===== Military Records  =====


[[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops (USCT) in Civil War servic[[Category:African American Records]]] and pension records. These records list the date and place of birth of the soldier and may name the last slave owner.  
[[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops (USCT) in Civil War service]] and pension records. These records list the date and place of birth of the soldier and may name the last slave owner.  


Other useful military records:  
Other useful military records:  
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For information on the above records, see:  
For information on the above records, see:  


:*[[African American Military Record[[Category:African American Records]]] Wiki pages.  
:*[[African American Military Records]] Wiki pages.  
:*[[United States Military Record[[Category:African American Records]]] Wiki pages.  
:*[[United States Military Records]] Wiki pages.  
:*Wiki [[United States#States|Pages for the state[[Category:African American Records]]] where your ancestors lived.
:*Wiki [[United States#States|Pages for the states]] where your ancestors lived.


===== Freedman’s Savings and Trust Records  =====
===== Freedman’s Savings and Trust Records  =====
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:*Information includes birthplace, place brought up, residence, age, complexion, name of employer or occupation, spouse, children, father, mother, brothers and sisters, remarks, and signature.  
:*Information includes birthplace, place brought up, residence, age, complexion, name of employer or occupation, spouse, children, father, mother, brothers and sisters, remarks, and signature.  
:*Early books give the name of the former master or mistress and the name of the plantation.  
:*Early books give the name of the former master or mistress and the name of the plantation.  
:*The Freedman's Bank records are part of National Archives Record Group 101, Records of the Comptroller of the Currency. For more information, see: [http://tinyurl.com/6sktldj freedman bank record[[Category:African American Records]]  
:*The Freedman's Bank records are part of National Archives Record Group 101, Records of the Comptroller of the Currency. For more information, see: [http://tinyurl.com/6sktldj freedman bank records]  
:*Note: Do not confuse records of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company with records of the Freedmen's Bureau listed below. When the trust company closed, the Freedmen’s Bureau tried to recover the money. Freedmen’s Bureau records are part of National Archives Record Group 105.
:*Note: Do not confuse records of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company with records of the Freedmen's Bureau listed below. When the trust company closed, the Freedmen’s Bureau tried to recover the money. Freedmen’s Bureau records are part of National Archives Record Group 105.


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===== Southern Claims Commission Records  =====
===== Southern Claims Commission Records  =====


United States. House of Representatives. Commissioners of Claims. Records of the [[Southern Claims Commission|Commissioners of Claims[[Category:African American Records]]]1871–1880. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0087. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1945. {{FHL| 1463963}}  
United States. House of Representatives. Commissioners of Claims. Records of the [[Southern Claims Commission|Commissioners of Claims ]]1871–1880. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0087. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1945. {{FHL| 1463963}}  


:*Nearly 22,300 cases are filed by individuals, family groups, churches, and businesses.  
:*Nearly 22,300 cases are filed by individuals, family groups, churches, and businesses.  
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In the 1930s the WPA Writers Project compiled over 3,500 typescript interviews of former American slaves. Access and indexes are available through:  
In the 1930s the WPA Writers Project compiled over 3,500 typescript interviews of former American slaves. Access and indexes are available through:  


:*Library of Congress' free Internet site that indexes 2,300 narratives in ''[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Projec[[Category:African American Records]]''.  
:*Library of Congress' free Internet site that indexes 2,300 narratives in ''[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project]''.  
:*Ancestry.com's ($) subscription site of 3,500 slave narratives, or&nbsp;free at selected libraries.  
:*Ancestry.com's ($) subscription site of 3,500 slave narratives, or&nbsp;free at selected libraries.  
:*Howard E. Potts, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36284310 A Comprehensive Name Index for the American Slav[[Category:African American Records]]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997) {{FHL| 973 F22p}}.  
:*Howard E. Potts, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36284310 A Comprehensive Name Index for the American Slave]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997) {{FHL| 973 F22p}}.  
:*University of North Carolina's free site ''[http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/ North American Slave Narrative[[Category:African American Records]]''.
:*University of North Carolina's free site ''[http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/ North American Slave Narratives]''.


===== Apprenticeship and Orphans’ Records  =====
===== Apprenticeship and Orphans’ Records  =====
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*Native American records. Slaves are often listed as members of the tribe.  
*Native American records. Slaves are often listed as members of the tribe.  
*[http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/ African-Native American&nbsp;Genealogy Homepag[[Category:African American Records]]&nbsp;containing Indian Freedmen Records of Okalahoma, Black Families&nbsp;of the Mississippi Choctaw, and Eastern Cherokee Records sites.&nbsp;
*[http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/ African-Native American&nbsp;Genealogy Homepage]&nbsp;containing Indian Freedmen Records of Okalahoma, Black Families&nbsp;of the Mississippi Choctaw, and Eastern Cherokee Records sites.&nbsp;


=== Emancipation Time Line  ===
=== Emancipation Time Line  ===
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*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/ancestors-season-1-african-american-research/164 Ancestors Season 1: African American Research]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/ancestors-season-1-african-american-research/164 Ancestors Season 1: African American Research]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/african-american-genealogical-research-at-the-library-of-congress/63 African American Genealogical Research at the Library of Congres[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/african-american-genealogical-research-at-the-library-of-congress/63 African American Genealogical Research at the Library of Congress]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/library-resources-at-the-new-england-historic-genealogical-society/113 Library&nbsp;Resources at New England Historical Genealogical Societ[[Category:African American Records]]&nbsp;  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/library-resources-at-the-new-england-historic-genealogical-society/113 Library&nbsp;Resources at New England Historical Genealogical Society]&nbsp;  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/avoid-traps-in-african-american-genealogy/77 Avoid Traps in African American Genealog[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/avoid-traps-in-african-american-genealogy/77 Avoid Traps in African American Genealogy]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22United+States%22&resultListItem=4 Finding the Slave Generatio[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22United+States%22&resultListItem=4 Finding the Slave Generation]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/howard-dodson-chief-of-the-schomburg-center-for-research-in-black-culture-of-new-york-public-library/153 Howard Dodson: Chief of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture of New York Public Librar[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/howard-dodson-chief-of-the-schomburg-center-for-research-in-black-culture-of-new-york-public-library/153 Howard Dodson: Chief of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture of New York Public Library]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/making-a-breakthrough-in-your-african-american-research/86 Making a Breakthrough in your African American Research]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/making-a-breakthrough-in-your-african-american-research/86 Making a Breakthrough in your African American Research]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/national-underground-railroad-activities-and-accomplishments/147 National Underground Railroad: Activities and Accomplishment[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/national-underground-railroad-activities-and-accomplishments/147 National Underground Railroad: Activities and Accomplishments]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/researching-african-native-american-ancestors-of-indian-territory/148 Researching African-Native American Ancestors of Indian Territor[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/researching-african-native-american-ancestors-of-indian-territory/148 Researching African-Native American Ancestors of Indian Territory]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/roots-west-african-american-history-in-the-trans-mississippi-west/150 Roots West: African American History in the Trans Mississippi Wes[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/roots-west-african-american-history-in-the-trans-mississippi-west/150 Roots West: African American History in the Trans Mississippi West]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/tracing-slaveholdings-and-slavery-in-the-family/336 Tracing Slaveholdings and Slavery in the Famil[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/tracing-slaveholdings-and-slavery-in-the-family/336 Tracing Slaveholdings and Slavery in the Family]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/trails-back-tracing-ancestors-in-slavery-through-census-probate-and-land/151 Trails Back, Tracing Ancestors in Slavery through Census Probate and Land]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/trails-back-tracing-ancestors-in-slavery-through-census-probate-and-land/151 Trails Back, Tracing Ancestors in Slavery through Census Probate and Land]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/finding-records-of-your-ancestors-1870-present/155 Finding Records of Your Ancestors 1870-Presen[[Category:African American Records]]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/finding-records-of-your-ancestors-1870-present/155 Finding Records of Your Ancestors 1870-Present]


=== Internet Sites  ===
=== Internet Sites  ===


*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/ Afrigeneas: African Ancestored Genealog[[Category:African American Records]] Supports research of African American ancestors.  
*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/ Afrigeneas: African Ancestored Genealogy] Supports research of African American ancestors.  
*Africana Heritage Project Rediscovering records of slaves, freedpersons and their descendants. Database of primary documents, book and multimedia excerpts  
*Africana Heritage Project Rediscovering records of slaves, freedpersons and their descendants. Database of primary documents, book and multimedia excerpts  
*[http://www.aagsnc.org/genlinks/Genealogical AAGSNC - African American Genealogical Society of Northern Californi[[Category:African American Records]] Has links to African American history and genealogy divided into 17 categories.  
*[http://www.aagsnc.org/genlinks/Genealogical AAGSNC - African American Genealogical Society of Northern California] Has links to African American history and genealogy divided into 17 categories.  
*[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/docs/36928_African_American_Quick_Guide.pdf FamilySearch Quick Guide to African-American Record[[Category:African American Records]] Has chronological information about Africans in America.  
*[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/docs/36928_African_American_Quick_Guide.pdf FamilySearch Quick Guide to African-American Records] Has chronological information about Africans in America.  
*[http://tinyurl.com/yzmenle African American History: A research guide to primary and secondary sources for African American histor[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[http://tinyurl.com/yzmenle African American History: A research guide to primary and secondary sources for African American history]  
*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ African American Cemeteries Onlin[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[http://www.africanamericancemeteries.com/ African American Cemeteries Online]  
*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/aacensus/ African American Census Schedules Onlin[[Category:African American Records]]  
*[http://www.afrigeneas.com/aacensus/ African American Census Schedules Online]  
*[http://tinyurl.com/7gvnpku List of Slavery Sites Accessible on the Web through Brown Universit[[Category:African American Records]]&nbsp;  
*[http://tinyurl.com/7gvnpku List of Slavery Sites Accessible on the Web through Brown University]&nbsp;  
*University of North Carolina - Greensboro's [http://library.uncg.edu/slavery/pSearch.aspx?s=2 Digital Library on American Slaver[[Category:African American Records]] has digitized details about American slaves from thousands of court and legislative petitions filed between 1775 and 1867 in 15 different states.&nbsp; Search by name, search by petition or browse subjects.
*University of North Carolina - Greensboro's [http://library.uncg.edu/slavery/pSearch.aspx?s=2 Digital Library on American Slavery] has digitized details about American slaves from thousands of court and legislative petitions filed between 1775 and 1867 in 15 different states.&nbsp; Search by name, search by petition or browse subjects.


A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:  
A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:  
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:*[[United States Freedmen’s Bureau Letters (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]
:*[[United States Freedmen’s Bureau Letters (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]
{{African American|African American}}{{-}}  
{{African American|African American}}{{-}}  
[[Category:African_American[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Category:Melungeon[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Category:African_American_Record[[Category:African American Records]]]
[[Category:African_Americans]] [[Category:Melungeons]] [[Category:Ethnic,_Political,_or_Religious_Groups]] [[Category:African_American_Records]]
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