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African American Military Records (view source)
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''[[United States|United | ''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Military Records|U.S. Military]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[African American Research|African American Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[African_American_Military_Records|Military Records]]'' | ||
{{Click|Image:AA_ORP.png|African American Online Genealogy Records|left}}Americans with African ancestry have served in United States military units since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619. No war has been fought by the United States in which the African American soldiers did not participate. African Americans fought and served valiantly in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Civil War, the Spanish American War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the current War in Iraq. | {{Click|Image:AA_ORP.png|African American Online Genealogy Records|left}}Americans with African ancestry have served in United States military units since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619. No war has been fought by the United States in which the African American soldiers did not participate. African Americans fought and served valiantly in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Civil War, the Spanish American War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the current War in Iraq. | ||
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See also ''[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22United+States%22&resultListItem=1 Ancestors Season 2: Military | See also ''[https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/results.html?fq=place%3A%22United+States%22&resultListItem=1 Ancestors Season 2: Military Records]'' in the FamilySearch Learning Center. | ||
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Peter Salem and Salem Poor are the most noted of the American Patriots during this era. | Peter Salem and Salem Poor are the most noted of the American Patriots during this era. | ||
*[http://www.archives.com/Patriots Patriots of | *[http://www.archives.com/Patriots Patriots of Color]. Free database at Archives.com. Includes details about thousands of black Americans in the Revolutionary War.<ref>Dick Eastman, "Archives.com to Publish the Patriots of Color Database," ''Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter,'' 24 February 2012, http://blog.eogn.com/eastmans_online_genealogy/2012/02/archivescom-to-publish-the-patriots-of-color-database.html.</ref> | ||
=== War of 1812 (1812-1815) === | === War of 1812 (1812-1815) === | ||
African Americans served in the Regular Army during the War of 1812, primarily in the 26th Infantry. In [http://www.archives.gov/research/military/war-of-1812/1812-discharge-certificates/soldiers-by-name.html NARA's Appendix III] a "B" follows the names of those whose physical description indicates black or mulatto skin color. People whose skin was described as "dark" were probably "dark" caucasians, not African Americans. The "blacks" and "mulattos" noted while records were being arranged are:<ref>National Archives and Records Administration, [http://www.archives.gov/research/military/war-of-1812/1812-discharge-certificates/soldiers-by-name.html War of 1812 Discharge | African Americans served in the Regular Army during the War of 1812, primarily in the 26th Infantry. In [http://www.archives.gov/research/military/war-of-1812/1812-discharge-certificates/soldiers-by-name.html NARA's Appendix III] a "B" follows the names of those whose physical description indicates black or mulatto skin color. People whose skin was described as "dark" were probably "dark" caucasians, not African Americans. The "blacks" and "mulattos" noted while records were being arranged are:<ref>National Archives and Records Administration, [http://www.archives.gov/research/military/war-of-1812/1812-discharge-certificates/soldiers-by-name.html War of 1812 Discharge Certificates], (accessed 4 April 2012).</ref> | ||
*4th Infantry = Richard Boyington. | *4th Infantry = Richard Boyington. | ||
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On July 17, 1862, Congress passed two acts allowing the enlistment of African Americans, but official enrollment occurred only after the September 1862 issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. However, state and local militia units had already begun enlisting blacks, including the Black Brigade of Cincinnati, raised in September to help provide manpower to thwart a feared Confederate raid on Cincinnati. | On July 17, 1862, Congress passed two acts allowing the enlistment of African Americans, but official enrollment occurred only after the September 1862 issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. However, state and local militia units had already begun enlisting blacks, including the Black Brigade of Cincinnati, raised in September to help provide manpower to thwart a feared Confederate raid on Cincinnati. | ||
'''See:''' [[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops in the Civil | '''See:''' [[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops in the Civil War]] | ||
In general, white soldiers and officers believed that black men lacked the ability to fight and fight well. In October 1862, African American soldiers of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers silenced their critics by repulsing attacking Confederates at the Battle of Island Mound, Missouri. By August, 1863, 14 Negro Regiments were in the field and ready for service. At the Battle of Port Hudson, Louisiana, May 27, 1863, the African American soldiers bravely advanced over open ground in the face of deadly artillery fire. Although the attack failed, the black soldiers proved their capability to withstand the heat of battle. | In general, white soldiers and officers believed that black men lacked the ability to fight and fight well. In October 1862, African American soldiers of the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers silenced their critics by repulsing attacking Confederates at the Battle of Island Mound, Missouri. By August, 1863, 14 Negro Regiments were in the field and ready for service. At the Battle of Port Hudson, Louisiana, May 27, 1863, the African American soldiers bravely advanced over open ground in the face of deadly artillery fire. Although the attack failed, the black soldiers proved their capability to withstand the heat of battle. | ||
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The barracks Forrest's men were accused of burning were actually burned under orders by a Union officer. Lieutenant Daniel Van Horn, Sixth U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, whose report is contained in the Federal Official Records, documented that Lieutenant John D. Hill, U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, set fire to the barracks under orders of the Union commanding officer. | The barracks Forrest's men were accused of burning were actually burned under orders by a Union officer. Lieutenant Daniel Van Horn, Sixth U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, whose report is contained in the Federal Official Records, documented that Lieutenant John D. Hill, U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, set fire to the barracks under orders of the Union commanding officer. | ||
Forrest took 39 [[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops | Forrest took 39 [[United States Colored Troops in the Civil War|United States Colored Troops ]](USCT) as POWs and sent them up the chain of command. Forrest even transferred the 14 most seriously wounded USCT to the U.S. Steamer Silver Cloud where they could get better care than that which he could provide. | ||
Allegations of a "massacre" continue to be controversial because historians remain either willfully or blissfully unaware of the Federal Official Records and the 1871 Congressional investigation conclusion. | Allegations of a "massacre" continue to be controversial because historians remain either willfully or blissfully unaware of the Federal Official Records and the 1871 Congressional investigation conclusion. | ||
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Blacks, both slave and free, were also heavily involved in assisting the Union in matters of intelligence, and their contributions were labelled Black Dispatches. | Blacks, both slave and free, were also heavily involved in assisting the Union in matters of intelligence, and their contributions were labelled Black Dispatches. | ||
*John David Smith, ''Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49529915 WorldCat | *John David Smith, ''Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49529915 WorldCat entry]. | ||
'''Confederate States Army''' | '''Confederate States Army''' | ||
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One of the units accompanied General Lee's retreat toward Appomattox and fought at the battle of Amelia, Virginia two days before Lee's surrender. | One of the units accompanied General Lee's retreat toward Appomattox and fought at the battle of Amelia, Virginia two days before Lee's surrender. | ||
*Unites States Army Dept. of the Tennessee, General Superintendent of Freedmen. ''[http://www.archive.org/details/reportofgenerals02unit Report of the General Sperintendent of | *Unites States Army Dept. of the Tennessee, General Superintendent of Freedmen. ''[http://www.archive.org/details/reportofgenerals02unit Report of the General Sperintendent of Freedmen]. ''Memphis, Tennessee: n.p., 1865.Free digital copy. | ||
*Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. ''Cheerful Yesterdays ''(New York, Arno Press, 1968), 374 pages. Series: The American Negro; his history and literature. Digital copies at[http://books.google.com/books?id=_9M3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cheerful+yesterdays&hl=en&ei=kFOaTczdAcbfiAKeorSdCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google | *Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. ''Cheerful Yesterdays ''(New York, Arno Press, 1968), 374 pages. Series: The American Negro; his history and literature. Digital copies at[http://books.google.com/books?id=_9M3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cheerful+yesterdays&hl=en&ei=kFOaTczdAcbfiAKeorSdCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google ]and [http://www.archive.org/details/cheerfulyesterd00higggoog Internet Archives.] Book at [http://www.worldcat.org/title/cheerful-yesterdays/oclc/274064&referer=brief_results WorldCat]. | ||
See also: [http://www.blogtalkradio.com/bernicebennett/2013/06/14/black-prisoners-in-confederate-prisons-during-the-civil-war?goback=%2Egmp_4168782%2Egde_4168782_member_248745684 Black Prisoners in Confederate Prisons During the Civil War with Bob J. O' | See also: [http://www.blogtalkradio.com/bernicebennett/2013/06/14/black-prisoners-in-confederate-prisons-during-the-civil-war?goback=%2Egmp_4168782%2Egde_4168782_member_248745684 Black Prisoners in Confederate Prisons During the Civil War with Bob J. O'Connor] (Blog Talk Radio) | ||
=== Indian Wars (1780s-1890s) === | === Indian Wars (1780s-1890s) === | ||
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=== External Links === | === External Links === | ||
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/blacks-in-military.html Military Resources: Blacks in the | *[http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/blacks-in-military.html Military Resources: Blacks in the Military] (National Archives)<br> | ||
*http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/heritage/african-american/ | *http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/heritage/african-american/ | ||
*http://www.rootsweb.com/~flafram/Military.htm | *http://www.rootsweb.com/~flafram/Military.htm | ||
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{{African American|African American}} {{ featured article }} | {{African American|African American}} {{ featured article }} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:African_American Records]] | ||