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South Carolina Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions
South Carolina Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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''[[United States Genealogy|United | ''[[United States Genealogy|United State[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:African American Records]]] [[United States Emigration and Immigration|U.S. Immigratio[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:African American Records]]] [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolin[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:African American Records]]] [[South_Carolina_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigratio[[Category:African American Records]]]'' [[Image:British Ships at Deptford. Site of the first Royal Dockyard.jpg|thumb|right|300px]] [[Image:Wagon Train.jpg|thumb|right|300px]] | ||
== The People == | == The People == | ||
About 80 percent of the settlers of colonial [[South Carolina Genealogy|South | About 80 percent of the settlers of colonial [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolin[[Category:African American Records]]] were of English origin. Many of them came by way of [[Barbados Genealogy|Barbado[[Category:African American Records]]] and other colonies rather than directly from [[England Genealogy|England]].<ref>Warren Alleyne and Henry Fraser, ''The Barbados-Carolina Connection'' (London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1988). {{WorldCat|17840897|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|428472|item|disp=FHL book 972.981 H2a}}; David L. Kent, ''Barbados and America''. (Arlington, Va.: C.M. Kent, 1980). {{WorldCat|6647288|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|316574|item|disp=FHL book 972.981 X2b}}. In 1664, a "group of Barbadians joined in an agreement to settle in Carolina." In the twentieth century, this document was kept in the South Carolina Historical Society Collection (reference V/29). See: Moriarty, Appendix, ''Barbados Genealogies,'' p. 670.</ref> A group of Dutch settlers from [[New York Genealogy|New York]] came to South Carolina in 1671. Another smaller group was of French origin, mostly descendants of [[South Carolina Church Records#Huguenot|Huguenot[[Category:African American Records]]], who came to the area beginning in 1680. More numerous were the Scottish dissenters, who were brought in beginning in 1682, and the Germans, who arrived during the eighteenth century. Blacks constituted a majority of the population from early colonial times until 1930. Indian wars drove most of the native Americans from the state, but there are still a few Catawba Indians in [[York County, South Carolina|York Count[[Category:African American Records]]]. | ||
== Settlement Patterns == | == Settlement Patterns == | ||
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The earliest settlements were on the coastal plain low country of South Carolina. Pushed by a desire to escape the Revolutionary War and pulled by a desire for land, settlers eventually poured into the Piedmont up country. Townships in eighteenth-century South Carolina were established as residences for foreign protestants of various nationalities. Many immigrants were of Ulster Scots, German, and Welsh descent.<ref>[http://www.carolana.com/SC/Royal_Colony/sc_royal_colony_townships_established.html South Carolina Townships Created During the Royal Period (1729 to 1776)], Carolana.com.</ref> In 1770 the population of South Carolina was less than 50,000; by 1790 it had reached 140,000. | The earliest settlements were on the coastal plain low country of South Carolina. Pushed by a desire to escape the Revolutionary War and pulled by a desire for land, settlers eventually poured into the Piedmont up country. Townships in eighteenth-century South Carolina were established as residences for foreign protestants of various nationalities. Many immigrants were of Ulster Scots, German, and Welsh descent.<ref>[http://www.carolana.com/SC/Royal_Colony/sc_royal_colony_townships_established.html South Carolina Townships Created During the Royal Period (1729 to 1776)], Carolana.com.</ref> In 1770 the population of South Carolina was less than 50,000; by 1790 it had reached 140,000. | ||
[[Image:{{SCMigTra}}]] '''Early migration routes:'''<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the Early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat | [[Image:{{SCMigTra}}]] '''Early migration routes:'''<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the Early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entr[[Category:African American Records]].</ref> Savannah River{{·}} [[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]]{{·}} [[Augusta-Savannah Trail]]{{·}} [[Augusta-St. Augustine Trail]]{{·}} [[Camden-Charleston Path]]{{·}} [[Catawba and Northern Trail]]{{·}} [[Catawba Trail]]{{·}} [[Charleston-Ft. Charlotte Trail]]{{·}} [[Charleston-Savannah Trail]]{{·}} [[Cisca and St. Augustine Trail]] (or Nickajack Trail){{·}} [[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]]{{·}} [[Fall Line Road]] (or Southern Road){{·}} [[Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]]{{·}} [[Fort Moore-Charleston Trail]]{{·}} [[Great Valley Road]]{{·}} [[King's Highwa[[Category:African American Records]]]{{·}} [[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]]{{·}} [[Lower Creek Trading Path]]{{·}} [[Middle Creek Trading Path]]{{·}} [[Occaneechi Path]]{{·}} [[Old Cherokee Path]]{{·}} [[Old South Carolina State Road]]{{·}} [[Savannah-Jacksonville Trail]]{{·}} [[Secondary Coast Road]]{{·}} [[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]]{{·}} [[Unicoi Trail]]{{·}} [[Upper Road]]{{·}} '''''Ports: ''''' [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufor[[Category:African American Records]]]{{·}} [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charlesto[[Category:African American Records]]]{{·}} [[Georgetown County, South Carolina|Georgetow[[Category:African American Records]]] <br><br> | ||
Early settlement was blocked by thick forests. The best way through the trees was by river, or over Indian trails that were slowly improved into wagon and stagecoach roads. Use the above list of early migration trails to get a better understanding of where early South Carolina settlers came from and where they may have moved. | Early settlement was blocked by thick forests. The best way through the trees was by river, or over Indian trails that were slowly improved into wagon and stagecoach roads. Use the above list of early migration trails to get a better understanding of where early South Carolina settlers came from and where they may have moved. | ||
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== Overseas Immigration == | == Overseas Immigration == | ||
The major port of entry to South Carolina is [[Charleston County, South Carolina| | The major port of entry to South Carolina is [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charlesto[[Category:African American Records]]]. Others important ports have included [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufor[[Category:African American Records]]] and [[Georgetown County, South Carolina|Georgetow[[Category:African American Records]]]. | ||
=== Colonial Period === | === Colonial Period === | ||
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Brent H. Holcomb, CG, sums up the problem of finding South Carolina passenger lists:<br>"One of the questions most frequently asked about South Carolina records is 'Where are the shiplists?'. Your editor has seen many disappointed faces when he has explained that in the Colonial period they do not exist outside of the few actual lists in the South Carolina Council Journals and what might be gleaned from the texts of individual petitioners for lands."<ref>Brent H. Holcomb, "Passengers Arriving at the Port of Charleston 1820-1829," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research,'' Vol. 17, No. 4 (Fall 1989):183.</ref> | Brent H. Holcomb, CG, sums up the problem of finding South Carolina passenger lists:<br>"One of the questions most frequently asked about South Carolina records is 'Where are the shiplists?'. Your editor has seen many disappointed faces when he has explained that in the Colonial period they do not exist outside of the few actual lists in the South Carolina Council Journals and what might be gleaned from the texts of individual petitioners for lands."<ref>Brent H. Holcomb, "Passengers Arriving at the Port of Charleston 1820-1829," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research,'' Vol. 17, No. 4 (Fall 1989):183.</ref> | ||
*Revill, Janie. ''A Compilation of the Original Lists of Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1763-1773. ''Columbia, S.C.: The State Co., 1939. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref name="name">Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [[Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.com|Publications in Name Search at Genealogical. | *Revill, Janie. ''A Compilation of the Original Lists of Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1763-1773. ''Columbia, S.C.: The State Co., 1939. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref name="name">Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [[Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.com|Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.co[[Category:African American Records]]]</ref>; publisher's bookstore: [http://www.genealogical.com/products/A_Compilation_of_the_Original_Lists_of_Protestant_Immigrants_to_South_Carolina_1763_1773/4870.html Genealogical.co[[Category:African American Records]]; {{FHL|199954|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 W2r 1968}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48270 Ancestr[[Category:African American Records]] ($); 1968 reprint: {{FHL|199954|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 W2r 1968}}; digital version of 1996 reprint at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806305991_originalimmigrantssc1763 World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
*"Some Emigrants to South Carolina 1727," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 14, No. 3 (Summer 1986):133. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 14}} | *"Some Emigrants to South Carolina 1727," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 14, No. 3 (Summer 1986):133. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 14}} | ||
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*"Some Irish Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1753 and 1754," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 17, No. 1 (Winter 1989):25-29. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 17}}Abstracts of select Irish immigrants found in Council Journals. | *"Some Irish Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1753 and 1754," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 17, No. 1 (Winter 1989):25-29. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 17}}Abstracts of select Irish immigrants found in Council Journals. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilso[[Category:African American Records]]]. ''Emigrants from England to the American Colonies, 1773-1776''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing co., 1988. {{FHL|313545|item|disp=FHL Book 973 W3c}}.<br>For English passenger lists, 1773 to 1776, which includes some emigrants destined for South Carolina. | ||
*Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'' and the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial South Carolina immigrant origins. | *Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'' and the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial South Carolina immigrant origins. | ||
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Several resources can help you learn more about a colonial ship's history. | Several resources can help you learn more about a colonial ship's history. | ||
Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National | Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archive[[Category:African American Records]]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from South Carolina ports between 1716 and 1767. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony: | ||
:Shipping Lists for South Carolina, 1716-1767. {{FHL|209568|item|disp=FHL Films 964002-964003}} | :Shipping Lists for South Carolina, 1716-1767. {{FHL|209568|item|disp=FHL Films 964002-964003}} | ||
''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' identifies ships leaving England, their masters, ports of departure, and destinations. They survive as early as 1764 and are being put online at [http://www.lr.org/en/research-and-innovation/historical-information/lloyds-register-of-ships-online/ Lloyd's Register of Ships | ''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' identifies ships leaving England, their masters, ports of departure, and destinations. They survive as early as 1764 and are being put online at [http://www.lr.org/en/research-and-innovation/historical-information/lloyds-register-of-ships-online/ Lloyd's Register of Ships Onlin[[Category:African American Records]] - free. | ||
Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include South Carolina (1730s-1770s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include South Carolina (1730s-1770s). She published the list in an Appendix to: | ||
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:Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. (University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999) {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL book 970 W2w}}. | :Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. (University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999) {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL book 970 W2w}}. | ||
The [http://web.archive.org/web/20100123093207/http://escndatabase.com/shiplist.htm Early South Carolina Newspaper | The [http://web.archive.org/web/20100123093207/http://escndatabase.com/shiplist.htm Early South Carolina Newspaper Databas[[Category:African American Records]] (WayBack Machine) offers a free online index to ships mentioned in eighteenth-century South Carolina newspapers. | ||
Lists of ship arrivals announced in the ''South Carolina Gazette'' between 1760 and 1770 have also been published: | Lists of ship arrivals announced in the ''South Carolina Gazette'' between 1760 and 1770 have also been published: | ||
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==== African Immigrants ==== | ==== African Immigrants ==== | ||
*The [http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/index.faces Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | *The [http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/index.faces Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Databas[[Category:African American Records]] Internet site contains references to 35,000 slave voyages, including over 67,000 Africans aboard slave ships, using name, age, gender, origin, and place of embarkation. The database documents the slave trade between Africa, Europe, Brazil, the Caribbean, and the United States. | ||
*Records of blacks are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog Place-names Search under the heading: | *Records of blacks are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog Place-names Search under the heading: | ||
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In lieu of colonial passenger lists regarding early settlers of South Carolina, genealogists must rely on evidence gleaned from a variety of sources to successfully trace immigrant origins. | In lieu of colonial passenger lists regarding early settlers of South Carolina, genealogists must rely on evidence gleaned from a variety of sources to successfully trace immigrant origins. | ||
*The Prerogative Court of Canterbury in London proved the wills of many residents of South Carolina. For access, see [[South Carolina Probate Records|South Carolina Probate Records]]. Heraldic visitations list some members of prominent English families who crossed the Atlantic. [http://www.pricegen.com/english_genealogy.html Expert Links: English Family History and | *The Prerogative Court of Canterbury in London proved the wills of many residents of South Carolina. For access, see [[South Carolina Probate Records|South Carolina Probate Record[[Category:African American Records]]]. Heraldic visitations list some members of prominent English families who crossed the Atlantic. [http://www.pricegen.com/english_genealogy.html Expert Links: English Family History and Genealog[[Category:African American Records]] includes a concise list of visitations available online. Online archive catalogs, such as [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/ Access to Archive[[Category:African American Records]], can be keyword searched for place names, such as "South Carolina" and "Charleston," to retrieve manuscripts stored in hundreds of English archives relating to persons and landholdings in this former English colony. These types of records establish links between South Carolina residents and England, which can lead researchers back to their specific ancestral English towns, villages, and hamlets. | ||
*The multi-volume ''Calendar of Colonial State Papers Colonial, America, and West Indies'' (1574-1739), which is available for free online at [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.aspx?type=3&gid=123 British History Online.] (see discussion in [[South Carolina Public Records|South Carolina Public Records]]), highlights many connections between England and South Carolina. | *The multi-volume ''Calendar of Colonial State Papers Colonial, America, and West Indies'' (1574-1739), which is available for free online at [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.aspx?type=3&gid=123 British History Online.] (see discussion in [[South Carolina Public Records|South Carolina Public Record[[Category:African American Records]]]), highlights many connections between England and South Carolina. | ||
*More detailed information on immigration sources is in the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and | *More detailed information on immigration sources is in the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigratio[[Category:African American Records]]]. Records of other major ethnic groups, including French Huguenots, Ulster Scots, Jews, Quakers, and Catawba Indians exist. | ||
*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Migration to South Carolina, Movement from the New England and Mid-Atlantic States, 1850 Census''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2004. {{FHL|1181581|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 X2mm 1850}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc080635223_margaretpeckhammotes2004 World Vital Records] ($). | *Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Migration to South Carolina, Movement from the New England and Mid-Atlantic States, 1850 Census''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2004. {{FHL|1181581|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 X2mm 1850}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc080635223_margaretpeckhammotes2004 World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
*Scott, Kenneth. ''British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979. {{FHL|78653|item|disp=FHL book 973 W4s}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 | *Scott, Kenneth. ''British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979. {{FHL|78653|item|disp=FHL book 973 W4s}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 Ancestr[[Category:African American Records]] ($). Identifies many British immigrants living in Charleston during the War of 1812. | ||
*Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 | *Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestr[[Category:African American Records]] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Book[[Category:African American Records]] and [http://www.archive.org/details/originallistsofp00hottuoft Internet Archiv[[Category:African American Records]]; 1983 reprint: {{FHL|1055287|item|disp=FHL book 973 W2hot 1983}}<br>A standard work on early South Carolina immigrants, which includes some passenger lists. | ||
:Brandow published an addendum to Hotten's work<br>Brandow, James C. ''Omitted Chapters from Hotten's Original Lists of Persons of Quality ... and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2001. Digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=5XVU5n4ACE0C Google | :Brandow published an addendum to Hotten's work<br>Brandow, James C. ''Omitted Chapters from Hotten's Original Lists of Persons of Quality ... and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2001. Digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=5XVU5n4ACE0C Google book[[Category:African American Records]] (free) and at[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49280 Ancestr[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldha[[Category:African American Records]]] has published several volumes of English records that identify, among other American immigrants, those destined for South Carolina. Many English indentured servants completed labor terms in South Carolina. Coldham's works are indexed in Filby's ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s'' (digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestr[[Category:African American Records]] ($)). | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilso[[Category:African American Records]]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004) {{WorldCat|70046500|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|1210004|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM no. 2150.}} | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilso[[Category:African American Records]]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988) {{WorldCat|18328169|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|658375|item|disp=FHL book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestr[[Category:African American Records]] ($); [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbado[[Category:African American Records]] (Barbados entries only); [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestow[[Category:African American Records]]. | ||
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilso[[Category:African American Records]]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{WorldCat|62596131|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|773852|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM no. 9 pt. 350}}; digital version of select portions at [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestow[[Category:African American Records]]. | ||
*"Convicts to South Carolina 1728," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring 1992):82. {{WorldCat|28227902|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 20}} | *"Convicts to South Carolina 1728," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring 1992):82. {{WorldCat|28227902|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 20}} | ||
*Runaway advertisements for colonial indentured servants often yield immigration data. The [http://www.shipindex.org/resources/144-early_south_carolina_newspaper_database Early South Carolina Newspaper | *Runaway advertisements for colonial indentured servants often yield immigration data. The [http://www.shipindex.org/resources/144-early_south_carolina_newspaper_database Early South Carolina Newspaper Databas[[Category:African American Records]] indexes these records. | ||
==== French Immigrants ==== | ==== French Immigrants ==== | ||
*Many French Huguenots made South Carolina their home. The 114+ volume ''Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina'' is a great starting point for research: {{FHL|233283|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 C4h}}. [http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&hl=en Google | *Many French Huguenots made South Carolina their home. The 114+ volume ''Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina'' is a great starting point for research: {{FHL|233283|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 C4h}}. [http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&hl=en Google book[[Category:African American Records]] has several volumes. | ||
==== German Immigrants ==== | ==== German Immigrants ==== | ||
*[http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ The Palatine | *[http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ The Palatine Projec[[Category:African American Records]], sponsored by [http://www.progenealogists.com/ ProGenealogist[[Category:African American Records]], includes annotated passenger lists for Germans entering Colonial South Carolina. | ||
*The following internet site has potentially useful information: [http://www.germanroots.com/miscports/charleston.html German | *The following internet site has potentially useful information: [http://www.germanroots.com/miscports/charleston.html German Root[[Category:African American Records]] (Port of Charleston). | ||
==== Scottish and Irish Immigrants ==== | ==== Scottish and Irish Immigrants ==== | ||
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David Dobson has dedicated many years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For South Carolina connections, see: | David Dobson has dedicated many years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For South Carolina connections, see: | ||
*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas 1680-1830. Volume 1. ''Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc. , 1986. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref name="name">Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [http://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Publications_in_Name_Search_at_Genealogical.com Publications in Name Search at Genealogical. | *Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas 1680-1830. Volume 1. ''Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc. , 1986. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref name="name">Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [http://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Publications_in_Name_Search_at_Genealogical.com Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.co[[Category:African American Records]]</ref>; publisher's bookstore: [http://www.genealogical.com/products/Directory_of_Scots_in_the_Carolinas_1680_1830__Volume_1/1483.html Genealogical.co[[Category:African American Records]]; {{WorldCat|13148391|disp=At various libraries}}; {{FHL|383575|item|disp=FHL Book 975 F2d}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc_directoryscottishnorthamerica1680-1830_vol1 World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas, 1680-1830, Volume 2''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. Digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352310_directoryscotscarolinas_vol2 World Vital Records] ($). Also available {{WorldCat|55732092|disp=at various libraries (WorldCat).}} | *Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas, 1680-1830, Volume 2''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. Digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352310_directoryscotscarolinas_vol2 World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). Also available {{WorldCat|55732092|disp=at various libraries (WorldCat).}} | ||
*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Irish Found in South Carolina 1850 Census''. (Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2003) {{WorldCat|52114210|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|1127308|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 F2mm}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352035_margaretpeckhammotes World Vital Records] ($). | *Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Irish Found in South Carolina 1850 Census''. (Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2003) {{WorldCat|52114210|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|1127308|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 F2mm}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352035_margaretpeckhammotes World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
*Stephenson, Jean. ''Scotch-Irish Migration to South Carolina, 1772 Rev. William Martin and His Five Shiploads of Settlers. ''Strasburg, Virginia: Shenandoah Publishing House, 1971. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref name="name">Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [http://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Publications_in_Name_Search_at_Genealogical.com Publications in Name Search at Genealogical. | *Stephenson, Jean. ''Scotch-Irish Migration to South Carolina, 1772 Rev. William Martin and His Five Shiploads of Settlers. ''Strasburg, Virginia: Shenandoah Publishing House, 1971. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref name="name">Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [http://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Publications_in_Name_Search_at_Genealogical.com Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.co[[Category:African American Records]]</ref>; publisher's bookstore: [http://www.genealogical.com/products/Scotch_Irish_Migration_to_South_Carolina_1772/9428.html Genealogical.co[[Category:African American Records]]; {{WorldCat|138947|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|199956|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 W2s}}; digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=rts4J_rwXRsC Google book[[Category:African American Records]] (Free) and at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806348321_scotch-irishsc World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
=== 1783 to Present === | === 1783 to Present === | ||
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*The following abstracts of the Charleston and Port Royal Passenger lists:<br>Holcomb, Brent H. "Passengers Arriving at the Port of Charleston 1820-1829," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 17, No. 4 (Fall 1989):183-189; Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter 1990):13-21; Vol. 18, No. 2 (Spring 1990):75-83; Vol. 18, No. 3 (Summer 1990):133-145; Vol. 18, No. 4 (Fall 1990):195-201; Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter 1991):13-23; Vol. 19, No. 2 (Spring 1991):79-91; Vol. 19, No. 3 (Summer 1991):127-137; Vol. 19, No. 4 (Fall 1991):189-198; Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter 1992):11-21; Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring 1992):83-93; Vol. 20, No. 3 (Summer 1992):143-153; Vol. 21, No. 1 (Winter 1993):21-27; Vol. 21, No. 2 (Spring 1993):81-87; Vol. 21, No. 3 (Summer 1993):151-159; Vol. 21, No. 4 (Fall 1993):205-213; Vol. 22, No. 1 (Winter 1994):29-37; Vol. 22, No. 2 (Spring 1994):99-105. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 17-22}}. | *The following abstracts of the Charleston and Port Royal Passenger lists:<br>Holcomb, Brent H. "Passengers Arriving at the Port of Charleston 1820-1829," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 17, No. 4 (Fall 1989):183-189; Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter 1990):13-21; Vol. 18, No. 2 (Spring 1990):75-83; Vol. 18, No. 3 (Summer 1990):133-145; Vol. 18, No. 4 (Fall 1990):195-201; Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter 1991):13-23; Vol. 19, No. 2 (Spring 1991):79-91; Vol. 19, No. 3 (Summer 1991):127-137; Vol. 19, No. 4 (Fall 1991):189-198; Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter 1992):11-21; Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring 1992):83-93; Vol. 20, No. 3 (Summer 1992):143-153; Vol. 21, No. 1 (Winter 1993):21-27; Vol. 21, No. 2 (Spring 1993):81-87; Vol. 21, No. 3 (Summer 1993):151-159; Vol. 21, No. 4 (Fall 1993):205-213; Vol. 22, No. 1 (Winter 1994):29-37; Vol. 22, No. 2 (Spring 1994):99-105. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 17-22}}. | ||
*Reprinted versions of the Charleston passenger lists:<br>Holcomb, Brent H. ''Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Charleston, 1820-1829''. 1994. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48269 | *Reprinted versions of the Charleston passenger lists:<br>Holcomb, Brent H. ''Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Charleston, 1820-1829''. 1994. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48269 Ancestr[[Category:African American Records]] ($) and [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc_passengerarrivalscharleston1820-1829 World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
*A few arrivals at Charleston are included in an index to passenger lists of vessels arriving at miscellaneous southern ports from 1890 to 1924 {{FHL|341257|item|disp=FHL films 1324938 – 1324963.}} | *A few arrivals at Charleston are included in an index to passenger lists of vessels arriving at miscellaneous southern ports from 1890 to 1924 {{FHL|341257|item|disp=FHL films 1324938 – 1324963.}} | ||
*Customs records for the ports of Charleston, Georgetown, and Beaufort are at the [[South Carolina Department of Archives and | *Customs records for the ports of Charleston, Georgetown, and Beaufort are at the [[South Carolina Department of Archives and Histor[[Category:African American Records]]]. Several published records of pre-1900 immigrants are indexed in P. William Filby, ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index'' (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1981, 1985, 1986) {{WorldCat|7385897|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|291926|item|disp=FHL book 973 W32p}}. Supplements are issued annually. There are cumulative indexes. | ||
=== Online Resources === | === Online Resources === | ||
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Four major immigration collections include: | Four major immigration collections include: | ||
#[http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry's Immigration & Travel Records] ($). The place to start, includes Filby's indexes. | #[http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry's Immigration & Travel Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). The place to start, includes Filby's indexes. | ||
#[http://immigrantservants.com/search/simple.php Immigrant Servants | #[http://immigrantservants.com/search/simple.php Immigrant Servants Databas[[Category:African American Records]]. Index to indentured servants; includes South Carolina. | ||
#[http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual | #[http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestow[[Category:African American Records]]. Scope is not limited to Colonial Virginia; includes English emigrants embarking for South Carolina. | ||
#[http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/tousa_sc.shtml The Olive Tree | #[http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/tousa_sc.shtml The Olive Tree Genealog[[Category:African American Records]]. Includes South Carolina passenger lists. | ||
== American Immigration == | == American Immigration == | ||
| Line 210: | Line 210: | ||
|} | |} | ||
*Dorothy Williams Potter in ''Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823'' {{WorldCat|21376809|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|265121|item|disp=FHL Book 975 W4p}}) identifies some migrants from South Carolina into territories that are now [[Alabama Genealogy| | *Dorothy Williams Potter in ''Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823'' {{WorldCat|21376809|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|265121|item|disp=FHL Book 975 W4p}}) identifies some migrants from South Carolina into territories that are now [[Alabama Genealogy|Alabam[[Category:African American Records]]], [[Florida Genealogy|Florid[[Category:African American Records]]], [[Louisiana Genealogy|Louisian[[Category:African American Records]]], [[Mississippi Genealogy|Mississipp[[Category:African American Records]]], and [[Missouri Genealogy|Missour[[Category:African American Records]]]. | ||
*Robertson compiled a list of South Carolinians living in Kansas in 1860:<br>Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina : A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976) {{WorldCat|2523248|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|205844|item|disp=FHL book 978.1 H2ro}}; digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=ERajaYX1Zo4C Google | *Robertson compiled a list of South Carolinians living in Kansas in 1860:<br>Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina : A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976) {{WorldCat|2523248|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|205844|item|disp=FHL book 978.1 H2ro}}; digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=ERajaYX1Zo4C Google Book[[Category:African American Records]] (free) and [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806306971_clarahamlettrobertson1976 World Vital Record[[Category:African American Records]] ($). | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 218: | Line 218: | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
{{South Carolina|South Carolina}} <div></div> | {{South Carolina|South Carolina}} <div></div> | ||
[[Category:South_Carolina| | [[Category:South_Carolina|Emigratio[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Category:Huguenot[[Category:African American Records]]] [[Category:English]] [[Category:Dutch]] [[Category:African_American[[Category:African American Records]]][[Category:United States Emigration and Immigratio[[Category:African American Records]]] | ||