Maryland Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

''[[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[Maryland Genealogy|Maryland]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[Maryland_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]'' [[Image:MD Ship The Dove.png|thumb|right|250px|MD Ship The Dove.png]]  

Most colonial ship records contain little information about the passengers. Generally the list of passengers was a partial list and included names of the most important men. Women and children were often not listed. Since the capitans were not required to give their records to anyone, they kept the records themselves, destroyed the records or did not keep any records.  Most of the records that survive have been published. The [http://www.ancestryinstitution.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Immigration & Travel Records] ($) collection found at Ancestry.com is a great place to start immigration research.   

:*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. "William Roberts of Maryland: Sidelights from the British Public Records Office," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 85, No. 3 (Sep. 1997):219-221. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 85 (1997)}}.

From 1611 to 1776, more than 50,000 English and Irish&nbsp;felons&nbsp;were sentenced to deportation to&nbsp;American colonies&nbsp;over the centuries. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649.&nbsp;The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts&nbsp;across the colony. The highest concentrations of transported felons were in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland Genealogy|Anne Arundel]], [[Baltimore County, Maryland Genealogy|Baltimore]], [[Charles County, Maryland Genealogy|Charles]], and [[Queen Anne's County, Maryland Genealogy|Queen Anne's]] counties:<ref name="con">[http://books.google.com/books?id=3TY3AAAAYAAJ "An Account of the Number of Souls in the Province of Maryland, in the Year 1755,"] ''The Gentleman's Magazine,'' Vol. 34 (1764):261.</ref>  

The largest group of non-British persons in the colonial period were Rhineland Germans who were encouraged by Maryland officials to settle in the rich farm lands of western Maryland in the 1730s and 1740s. Many of these Germans came through [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. A few Dutch, Swedish, Huguenot, and Acadian refugee families also came to the colony.  

Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Maryland ports between 1689 and 1754. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony:  

''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' identifies ships leaving England, their masters, ports of departure, and destinations. They survive as early as 1764 and are being put online at [http://www.lr.org/en/research-and-innovation/historical-information/lloyds-register-of-ships-online/ Lloyd's Register of Ships Online] - free.

[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] compiled a list of convict ships travelling between English and Maryland ports during the eighteenth century. See appendix to:  

:*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788.'' CD-ROM. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004.) {{FHL|1210004|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM CD-ROM no. 2150}}.

Information about ships can also be gleaned from colonial county court order books, headright grants,&nbsp;and [[Virginia Public Records#Calendar_of_State_Papers_Colonial.2C_America_and_West_Indies|English State Papers Colonial, American and West Indies]].  

*Annapolis ([[Anne Arundel County, Maryland#Immigration|Anne Arundel County]])  

*Baltimore ([[Baltimore County, Maryland#Immigration|Baltimore County]])  

*Oxford ([[Talbot County, Maryland#Immigration|Talbot County]])  

*St. Mary's ([[St. Mary's County, Maryland#Immigration|St. Mary's County]])

The major port of entry into Maryland was Baltimore. Most Baltimore passenger lists are on microfilm at the [http://www.archives.gov/ National Archives], the [http://www.mdhs.org/ Maryland Historical Society,] the [http://baltimorecityhistory.net/ Baltimore City Archives,] and the Family History Library.  

*Immigrants to Maryland, especially western Maryland, may have arrived in Philadelphia (see [[Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration]].

[http://www.germanroots.com/baltlists1820.html FHL and NARA Microfilm Catalog Numbers] for&nbsp;Baltimore Passenger Lists 1820-1891 is arranged chronologically, showing the FHL&nbsp;film numbers&nbsp;and corresponding NARA film numbers.

Migrations from Maryland began in the early years of the colony. Travelers generally followed the Cumberland Trail (Braddock Road) that led west to Pittsburgh and from there to the Ohio River. Many people also used the [[Great Valley Road|Great Trading Path]], also called the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, that led southwest along the Allegheny Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. Some Marylanders from [[Prince George's County, Maryland Genealogy|Prince George's County]] went to the Carolinas. A group of Catholics from [[St. Mary's County, Maryland Genealogy|St. Mary's County]] settled in [[Nelson County, Kentucky Genealogy|Nelson County, Kentucky]]. By the 1820s some wealthy young Marylanders were moving slaves from their home farms to open plantations in Mississippi and surrounding areas.  

Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially [[Baltimore (Independent City), Maryland|Baltimore]].  

For records of early immigrants to what is now the United States. see [[Early U.S. Immigrant Records|Early U.S. Immigrant Records]].  

The "[[United States Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]"&nbsp;page for the United States&nbsp;on the FamilySearch Research Wiki&nbsp;lists several important sources for finding information about immigrants. These nationwide sources include many references to people who settled in Maryland. [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor's hometown.  

*[http://www.pricegen.com/immigrantservants/search/simple.php Immigrant Servants Database]. Collection of names of Maryland indentured servants and convicts.  

*[http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/tousa_md.shtml The Olive Tree Genealogy]. Includes Maryland passenger lists.

[[Category:Maryland|Emigration]] [[Category:Scots-Irish]] [[Category:United_States_Emigration_and_Immigration]] [[Category:English]] [[Category:Germans]] [[Category:African_Americans]]