Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path: Difference between revisions

''[[United States Genealogy|United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[United States Migration Internal|Migration]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Roads]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolina]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]]''  

[[Image:Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path.png|border|right|380px]]The '''Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path''' connected the [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolina]] colonial British military [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlotte] near the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_River Savannah River] with several Indian trails, especially the [[Old Cherokee Path]] and the nearby Indian town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] just across the Savannah River in what is now [[Georgia]]. Fort Charlotte was built 1765-1767 to help protect European settlers from Indian raids. Fort Charlotte was near the place where the [[Middle Creek Trading Path]] crossed the Savannah River from [[Georgia]] into South Carolina. Several other trails also radiated out from this fort. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path was probably opened to European '''''traders''''' shortly after 1765. It was not fully open to '''''settlers''''' until the Cherokee were forced out during the American Revolutionary War. It began in [[McCormick County, South Carolina]] and ended in [[Oconee County, South Carolina]]. The length of the trail was about 70 miles (113 km).<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.]</ref>  

The north end of the [[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] was in [[Oconee County, South Carolina]] at the convergence of several Indian trails and settler roads mostly leading to the lower [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee Indian]] village of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] across the Savannah River in [[Stephens County, Georgia]]. Tugaloo was built at or became the nexus of several trails along the Savannah River in Georgia and South Carolina. The Cherokee Indians were forced to abandon Tugaloo during the American Revolution. The [[Old Cherokee Path]] seems to have begun in Tugaloo, crossed the river into South Carolina, and worked its way north up to [[Watauga County, North Carolina]], through [[Johnson County, Tennessee]], and [[Washington County, Virginia]]. There it connected to the [[Great Indian Warpath]] or [[Great Valley Road]] as it was called in that area.  

:*[[McCormick County, South Carolina]] 1750s by Scots-Irish  

:*[[Abbeville County, South Carolina]] 1750 by French [[Huguenot Church in the United States|Huguenots]]  

:*[[Anderson County, South Carolina]] 1777 by Scots-Irish, and Revolutionary War Veterans  

:*[[Oconee County, South Carolina]] 1784 by Germans, and Revolutionary War Veterans  

:*[[Stephens County, Georgia]] about 1777 by Revolutionary War Veterans

'''Connecting trails.''' The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path links to other trails at each end. The migration pathways connecting in Fort Charlotte, McCormick, South Carolina included:<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref>  

The migration routes connecting in [[Oconee County, South Carolina]], or in Tugaloo, Stephens, Georgia included:  

:*[[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to the Catawba Indians ([[Charlotte, North Carolina]])  

:*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to [[Washington County, Virginia]] on the [[Great Valley Road]] (also known as the [[Great Indian Warpath]])  

:*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, Alabama]]  

:*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de Apalachee]  

:*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] originally to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_Town,_South_Carolina Savannah Town, South Carolina] and later [[Augusta, Georgia]]  

:*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo], Georgia to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Prince_George_(South_Carolina) Fort Prince George], to [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and to [[Charleston, South Carolina]].  

:*[[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee County]] down to old [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlotte] in northwest [[McCormick County, South Carolina]]  

:*[[Upper Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Macon, Georgia]]  

:*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi Turnpike]] opened to a few European traders 1690, but the wagon road was not opened to settlers until 1795 from near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] headed northwest to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee Overhill Cherokee villages] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee Knoxville] in [[Tennessee Genealogy|Tennessee]]<ref>Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 3 May 2011).</ref><ref>William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref>

*Bobby F. Edmonds, ''The Huguenots of New Bordeaux'' (McCormick, SC: Cedar Hill, 2005) (({{FHL|1317791|item|disp=FHL Book 975.736 F2e}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63189507 WorldCat entry].  

*Bobby F. Edmonds, ''The Making of McCormick County [South Carolina]'' (McCormick, SC: Cedar Hill, 1999) ({{FHL|834738|item|disp=FHL Book 975.736 H2e}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42047218 WorldCat entry].  

*[Willie Mae Wood], ''Old Families of McCormick County, South Carolina and Dorn families of Edgefield, Greenwood and McCormick counties'' ([S.l.&nbsp;: s.n.], 1982) ({{FHL|634329|item|disp=FHL Book 975.736 D2w; Film 2056008 Item 2-3}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21493707 WorldCat entry].

*Frederick Van Clayton, ''Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800'' (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) ({{FHL|397544|item|disp=FHL Book 975.72 W2c}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entry]. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."

*Frederick Van Clayton, ''Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800'' (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) ({{FHL|397544|item|disp=FHL Book 975.72 W2c}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entry]. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."

*Katheryn Curtis Trogdon, ''History of Stephens County, Georgia'' (Toccoa, Ga.: Toccoa Womans Club, [c1973]). ({{FHL|160782|item|disp=FHL Book 975.813 H2t}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/623349 WorldCat entry].

*Many of the [[US Migration Trails and Roads]]

[[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:South_Carolina]] [[Category:McCormick_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Abbeville_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Anderson_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Oconee_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Georgia]] [[Category:Stephens_County,_Georgia]]