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:Population -- 2010 census is 6,714 (when including mixed bloods it's 6,998) - Does not include non Indians<ref>Census 2000 Tribal Entity Counts for American Indian Reservations and Off-Reservation Trust Lands. U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. [http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tallies/tallyair.html Available online]. {Note: This census figure only accounts for tribal members living on the reservation or trust lands. Other enrolled tribal members may live off-reservation.)</ref> 1969: Tribal [[American Indian Enrollment Records|enrollment]] 5,674 <ref> Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 </ref> | :Population -- 2010 census is 6,714 (when including mixed bloods it's 6,998) - Does not include non Indians<ref>Census 2000 Tribal Entity Counts for American Indian Reservations and Off-Reservation Trust Lands. U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. [http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tallies/tallyair.html Available online]. {Note: This census figure only accounts for tribal members living on the reservation or trust lands. Other enrolled tribal members may live off-reservation.)</ref> 1969: Tribal [[American Indian Enrollment Records|enrollment]] 5,674 <ref> Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 </ref> | ||
== History == | === History === | ||
Fort Peck Reservation was established by Treaty of Oct. 17, 1855; unratified treaties of July 18, 1866, and July 13, and 15 and Sept. 1, 1868; Executive orders, July 5, 1873, and Aug. 19,1874; act of Apr. 15, 1874; Executive orders, Apr. 13, 1875, and July 13,1880; an agreement made Jan. 21, 1887, approved by Congress May 1, 1888; and an agreement made Dec. 28, 1886, approved by Congress may 1, 1888. | Fort Peck Reservation was established by Treaty of Oct. 17, 1855; unratified treaties of July 18, 1866, and July 13, and 15 and Sept. 1, 1868; Executive orders, July 5, 1873, and Aug. 19,1874; act of Apr. 15, 1874; Executive orders, Apr. 13, 1875, and July 13,1880; an agreement made Jan. 21, 1887, approved by Congress May 1, 1888; and an agreement made Dec. 28, 1886, approved by Congress may 1, 1888. | ||
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It was created for the Little Shell Blackfeet Chippewa's, Flathead Chippewa's (they are a mixture of Algonquin and non Algonquin Indians), Assiniboine Chippewa's (they are a mixture of Algonquin and non Algonquin Indians) and Nez Perce. Including as being Flathead are the Kalispel, Pend d'Oreilles, and Spokane. Read the October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty Text. The correct name of the original Blackfeet Reservation is either [[Judith basin indian reservation]] or Judith River Indian Reservation. The October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty, was signed near the mouth of the Judith River which is within the [[Judith basin indian reservation]].<br> | It was created for the Little Shell Blackfeet Chippewa's, Flathead Chippewa's (they are a mixture of Algonquin and non Algonquin Indians), Assiniboine Chippewa's (they are a mixture of Algonquin and non Algonquin Indians) and Nez Perce. Including as being Flathead are the Kalispel, Pend d'Oreilles, and Spokane. Read the October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty Text. The correct name of the original Blackfeet Reservation is either [[Judith basin indian reservation]] or Judith River Indian Reservation. The October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty, was signed near the mouth of the Judith River which is within the [[Judith basin indian reservation]].<br> | ||
On April 13, 1875, the United States made a land addition to the Blackfeet Reservation, just south and adjacent to the Fort Peck Reservation. The land addition was for the Blackfoot, Blood, Gros Ventre, Piegan, and River Crow. Click this [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/hlaw:@filreq%28@band%28@field%28DATE+18750413%29+@field%28FLD003+@band%28llss+c56%29%29%29+@field%28COLLID+llss%29%29 memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S] to read the April 13, 1875 Treaty Text. On the bottom of the page is the Montana 2 link. Click on it. The page has a map of the land additions to the Blackfeet Reservation. After you read the treaty text, you will be puzzled. It don't make sense. This treaty actually includes the Crow which the October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty does not. The land addition, is obviously not Crow land. The Assiniboine evidently ceded their claim to the land area in 1866 but the treaty was never ratified which represents corruption. The April 13, 1875 Treaty, allowed the Assiniboine to move to the Blackfeet Reservation (Fort Peck Portion).<br> | On April 13, 1875, the United States made a land addition to the Blackfeet Reservation, just south and adjacent to the Fort Peck Reservation. The land addition was for the Blackfoot, Blood, Gros Ventre, Piegan, and River Crow. Click this [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/hlaw:@filreq%28@band%28@field%28DATE+18750413%29+@field%28FLD003+@band%28llss+c56%29%29%29+@field%28COLLID+llss%29%29 memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S] to read the April 13, 1875 Treaty Text. On the bottom of the page is the Montana 2 link. Click on it. The page has a map of the land additions to the Blackfeet Reservation. After you read the treaty text, you will be puzzled. It don't make sense. This treaty actually includes the Crow which the October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty does not. The land addition, is obviously not Crow land. The Assiniboine evidently ceded their claim to the land area in 1866 but the treaty was never ratified which represents corruption. The April 13, 1875 Treaty, allowed the Assiniboine to move to the Blackfeet Reservation (Fort Peck Portion).<br> | ||
A meeting was held at Joseph Paul's family's ranch near Lewistown, Montana in 1921. It was probably about filing a land claims lawsuit about the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851. The Little Shell Blackfeet Chippewa's continued to govern the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851. Not much came from the 1921 meeting. | A meeting was held at Joseph Paul's family's ranch near Lewistown, Montana in 1921. It was probably about filing a land claims lawsuit about the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851. The Little Shell Blackfeet Chippewa's continued to govern the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851. Not much came from the 1921 meeting. | ||
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During the 1930s, the Indian Reorganization Act was voted on by the Indian citizens of Fort Peck Reservation. They overwhelmingly (578 to 276) chose to not accept the Indian Reorganization Act. The vote happened on December 15, 1934. | During the 1930s, the Indian Reorganization Act was voted on by the Indian citizens of Fort Peck Reservation. They overwhelmingly (578 to 276) chose to not accept the Indian Reorganization Act. The vote happened on December 15, 1934. | ||
To learn more about the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana and how they governed their original Blackfeet Reservation, click [http://www.indianaffairs.gov/cs/groups/xofa/documents/text/idc-001419.pdf www.indianaffairs.gov/cs/groups/xofa/documents/text/idc-001419.pdf] this link. On page 119 (not on the adobe acrobat reader but on the pdf book pages) is the information about the June 10, 1939 meeting at Joseph Paul's home in Great Falls, Montana. On page 92, under "The Creation of Organizations in Montana, 1920-1936," is information about the first so called Little Shell Tribe organization in Montana. Howard Paul (Joseph Paul's son) preserved the information. The meeting was held at Joseph Paul's family's ranch near Lewistown, Montana in 1921.<br><br>They almost completely ignored Joseph Paul and focused primarily on Joseph Dussome. If you read the pdf book, you will have no choice but to agree that Joseph Paul was far more important. And they focused too much of their attention on the Metis or mixed bloods. And they did not mention anything about the original Blackfeet Reservation which the Little Shell Tribes land claim was about. Click [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/hlaw:@filreq%28@band%28@field%28DATE+18510917%20%28Treaty%20of%20Fort%20Laramie%20never%20ratified.%29%29+@field%28FLD003+@band%28llss+c56%29%29%29+@field%28COLLID+llss%29%29 memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S] this link, to read the September 17, 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty which created and defined the Blackfeet Territory which is the original Blackfeet Reservation.<br><br>Little Shell Chippewa leaders have every right to claim the Assiniboine Territory (it has the number 300) and the territory of the Crow (it has the number 517 and yellow color and extends to Wyoming). No Crow Reservation (the Crow Reservation is really a Cheyenne Chippewa Reservation) is found anywhere in the land area in Montana and Wyoming with the yellow color and number 517. The treaty of October 20, 1875 did not add land to the Crow Reservation. It established a Reservation for the Cheyenne Chippewa's. Click [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hlaw:10:./temp/~ammem_Att1:: memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D] this link, to read the October 20, 1875 Treaty. On the bottom of the page click the Montana 2 link. You will notice the Northern Cheyenne Reservation bordering the Crow Reservation on the east, and the Northern Cheyenne Reservation (it has the number 585) bordering the Crow Reservation on the north. However, the Arapaho (the Southern Cheyenne) Wind River Reservation and Northern Cheyenne Reservation, are within the land area in Montana and Wyoming, with the yellow color and number 517. Both the Arapaho and Cheyenne are really Chippewa. The Crow supposedly ceded their right to the land area with the number 300, on May 7, 1868.<br><br>If the Crow claimed the land area with the number 300, than the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians have every right to claim the entire land area with the yellow color and number 517. Why? An extension to the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851 and approved on October 17, 1855, was agreed upon on April 13, 1875. It is within the land areas with the numbers 300 and 517. Click [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/hlaw:@filreq%28@band%28@field%28DATE+18750413%29+@field%28FLD003+@band%28llss+c56%29%29%29+@field%28COLLID+llss%29%29 memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S] this link, to read the treaty which established the addition to the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851 and approved on October 17, 1855, within the land areas with the numbers 300 and 517. On the bottom of the page is the Montana 2 link. Click it. The addition to the original Blackfeet Reservation has the numbers 622 and 623. You will notice the southwest portion of the original Blackfeet Reservation is within the land areas with the numbers 300 and | To learn more about the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana and how they governed their original Blackfeet Reservation, click [http://www.indianaffairs.gov/cs/groups/xofa/documents/text/idc-001419.pdf www.indianaffairs.gov/cs/groups/xofa/documents/text/idc-001419.pdf] this link. On page 119 (not on the adobe acrobat reader but on the pdf book pages) is the information about the June 10, 1939 meeting at Joseph Paul's home in Great Falls, Montana. On page 92, under "The Creation of Organizations in Montana, 1920-1936," is information about the first so called Little Shell Tribe organization in Montana. Howard Paul (Joseph Paul's son) preserved the information. The meeting was held at Joseph Paul's family's ranch near Lewistown, Montana in 1921.<br><br>They almost completely ignored Joseph Paul and focused primarily on Joseph Dussome. If you read the pdf book, you will have no choice but to agree that Joseph Paul was far more important. And they focused too much of their attention on the Metis or mixed bloods. And they did not mention anything about the original Blackfeet Reservation which the Little Shell Tribes land claim was about. Click [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/hlaw:@filreq%28@band%28@field%28DATE+18510917%20%28Treaty%20of%20Fort%20Laramie%20never%20ratified.%29%29+@field%28FLD003+@band%28llss+c56%29%29%29+@field%28COLLID+llss%29%29 memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S] this link, to read the September 17, 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty which created and defined the Blackfeet Territory which is the original Blackfeet Reservation.<br><br>Little Shell Chippewa leaders have every right to claim the Assiniboine Territory (it has the number 300) and the territory of the Crow (it has the number 517 and yellow color and extends to Wyoming). No Crow Reservation (the Crow Reservation is really a Cheyenne Chippewa Reservation) is found anywhere in the land area in Montana and Wyoming with the yellow color and number 517. The treaty of October 20, 1875 did not add land to the Crow Reservation. It established a Reservation for the Cheyenne Chippewa's. Click [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hlaw:10:./temp/~ammem_Att1:: memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D] this link, to read the October 20, 1875 Treaty. On the bottom of the page click the Montana 2 link. You will notice the Northern Cheyenne Reservation bordering the Crow Reservation on the east, and the Northern Cheyenne Reservation (it has the number 585) bordering the Crow Reservation on the north. However, the Arapaho (the Southern Cheyenne) Wind River Reservation and Northern Cheyenne Reservation, are within the land area in Montana and Wyoming, with the yellow color and number 517. Both the Arapaho and Cheyenne are really Chippewa. The Crow supposedly ceded their right to the land area with the number 300, on May 7, 1868.<br><br>If the Crow claimed the land area with the number 300, than the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians have every right to claim the entire land area with the yellow color and number 517. Why? An extension to the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851 and approved on October 17, 1855, was agreed upon on April 13, 1875. It is within the land areas with the numbers 300 and 517. Click [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/hlaw:@filreq%28@band%28@field%28DATE+18750413%29+@field%28FLD003+@band%28llss+c56%29%29%29+@field%28COLLID+llss%29%29 memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S] this link, to read the treaty which established the addition to the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on September 17, 1851 and approved on October 17, 1855, within the land areas with the numbers 300 and 517. On the bottom of the page is the Montana 2 link. Click it. The addition to the original Blackfeet Reservation has the numbers 622 and 623. You will notice the southwest portion of the original Blackfeet Reservation is within the land areas with the numbers 300 and 517. | ||
== Communities == | === Communities === | ||
'''Brockton: '''2010 population is '''255'''. Indians make up 96% of the population of Brockton. It covers 0.23 sq. mi. It is located in the east end of the Reservation. | '''Brockton: '''2010 population is '''255'''. Indians make up 96% of the population of Brockton. It covers 0.23 sq. mi. It is located in the east end of the Reservation. | ||
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'''Wolf Point: '''2010 population is '''2,621'''. Indians make up 50.52% of the population of Wolf Point. When including mixed bloods it's 56.05%. It covers 0.87 sq. mi. The Little Shell Blackfeet Chippewa's had a minor district at Wolf Point. In 1939, the district representative was Thomas Ouellette. | '''Wolf Point: '''2010 population is '''2,621'''. Indians make up 50.52% of the population of Wolf Point. When including mixed bloods it's 56.05%. It covers 0.87 sq. mi. The Little Shell Blackfeet Chippewa's had a minor district at Wolf Point. In 1939, the district representative was Thomas Ouellette. | ||
== Records == | === Records === | ||
Many of the records of individual Indians living on the Fort Peck Reservation were kept by the [[Fort Peck Indian Agency (Montana)|Fort Peck Agency]] of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Others are kept by the Tribal Office. | Many of the records of individual Indians living on the Fort Peck Reservation were kept by the [[Fort Peck Indian Agency (Montana)|Fort Peck Agency]] of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Others are kept by the Tribal Office. | ||
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Land records: Tribal lands: 233,153.17 acres. [[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotted]] land: 645,114.20 acres. | Land records: Tribal lands: 233,153.17 acres. [[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotted]] land: 645,114.20 acres. | ||
== References == | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
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*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 R259e}}. | *Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 R259e}}. | ||
*Prucha, Francis Paul. ''Atlas of American Indian Affairs''. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1991 [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/257331735?referer=list_view WorldCat 257331735]; {{FHL|563984|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 P95aa}} | *Prucha, Francis Paul. ''Atlas of American Indian Affairs''. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1991 [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/257331735?referer=list_view WorldCat 257331735]; {{FHL|563984|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 P95aa}} | ||
*Prucha, Francis Paul, ed. ''Documents of United States Indian Policy''. 3rd Edition. Lincoln, Nebraska: | *Prucha, Francis Paul, ed. ''Documents of United States Indian Policy''. 3rd Edition. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19971852?referer=list_view WorldCat 50416280]; {{FHL|1427629|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 P95d}}. | ||
*Prucha, Francis Paul. ''Guide to the Military Posts of the United States, 1789-1895''. Madison, Wisconsin: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, c1964. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/522839?referer=list_view WorldCat 522839]; {{FHL|112866|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 M2pf}}. | *Prucha, Francis Paul. ''Guide to the Military Posts of the United States, 1789-1895''. Madison, Wisconsin: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, c1964. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/522839?referer=list_view WorldCat 522839]; {{FHL|112866|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 M2pf}}. | ||
*Schmeckebier, Laurance F. ''The Office of Indian Affairs: Its History, Activities, and Organization''. Service Monographs of the United States Government; no. 48. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1927. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1972. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/257893?referer=list_view WorldCat 257893]; {{FHL|121071|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 B4b v. 48}}.<br> | *Schmeckebier, Laurance F. ''The Office of Indian Affairs: Its History, Activities, and Organization''. Service Monographs of the United States Government; no. 48. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1927. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1972. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/257893?referer=list_view WorldCat 257893]; {{FHL|121071|title-id|disp=FHL book 973 B4b v. 48}}.<br> | ||
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