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To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | ||
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Population: 1984: 2,000 Total enrollment. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 234 </ref> | Population: 1984: 2,000 Total enrollment. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 234 </ref> | ||
=== History === | === History === | ||
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In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan Genealogy|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan Genealogy|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Grand Traverse Band web site [http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Available online]</ref>. Other groups of Ottawa were re-recognized in 1994.<br> | In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan Genealogy|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan Genealogy|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Grand Traverse Band web site [http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Available online]</ref>. Other groups of Ottawa were re-recognized in 1994.<br> | ||
Another group of Ottawa Indians lived in northwestern Ohio and participated in the War of 1812 under the leadership of Pontiac, who was a well-known chief of the tribe. They were a party to the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795 in Indiana<ref>The Treaty of Greenville, as it appears in The Laws of the United States, printed by Richard Folwell, Philadelphia, 1796 [http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/greenville/ Available online].</ref>. Some members of this part of the Ottawa Nation were removed to Kansas and later to Oklahoma<ref>"Ottawa Indians", Ohio History Central, July 1, 2005, http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=614</ref>. | Another group of Ottawa Indians lived in northwestern [[Indians_of_Ohio|Ohio]] and participated in the [[Beginning_US_War_of_1812_Research|War of 1812]] under the leadership of Pontiac, who was a well-known chief of the tribe. They were a party to the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795 in Indiana<ref>The Treaty of Greenville, as it appears in The Laws of the United States, printed by Richard Folwell, Philadelphia, 1796 [http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/greenville/ Available online].</ref>. Some members of this part of the Ottawa Nation were removed to [[Indians_of_Kansas|Kansas]] and later to Oklahoma<ref>"Ottawa Indians", Ohio History Central, July 1, 2005, http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=614</ref>. | ||
=== Additional References to the History of the Tribe === | === Additional References to the History of the Tribe === | ||
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=== Brief Timeline === | === Brief Timeline === | ||
* | *1600: In the Great Lakes area - Lake Huron | ||
* | *1660: Defeated by the [[Five_Nations_of_the_Iroquois_Confederacy|Iroquois]] who disrupted trade | ||
* | *1689-1763: [[French_and_Indian_War,_1754-1763|French and Indian Wars]] (French and Algonquian tribes against English and Iroquois) | ||
* | *1763: Treaty of Paris | ||
* | *1763: Pontiac's Rebellion; tried to drive the British from the Great Lakes. About 2,000 settlers died during the rebellion. Many British forts surrendered; Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt did not. Fort Pitt under Lord Jeffery Amherst's suggestion, sent out smallpox-infected blankets starting an epidemic among the Indians | ||
* | *1831: Land cessions | ||
* | *1837: Census (M1831) | ||
* | *1837-47: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Council Bluffs Subagency (Iowa)|Council Bluff Agency]] | ||
* | *1837-51: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Osage River Indian Agency (Kansas)|Osage River Agency]] | ||
* | *1851-63: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Agency]] | ||
* | *1831-1867: The tribe lived in [[Indians_of_Kansas|Kansas ]] | ||
* | *1863-73: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Ottawa Indian Agency (Kansas)|Ottawa Agency]] | ||
* | *1867-1870: Removed to Indian Territory - Oklahoma; some live in [[First_Nations_of_Ontario|Ontario]] - Manitoulin Island and Cockburn Island | ||
* | *1867-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Neosho Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Neosho Agency]] | ||
* | *1871-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Quapaw Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Quapaw Agency]] | ||
* | *1959: Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma terminated, Tribal membership 630, Tribal land (Acres) 0 (*1956 is the year given in the history of the Ottawa of Oklahoma's web site which coincides with a roll of blood members of the tribe | ||
* | *1979: Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma reestablished as a federally recognized government when the Ottawa Council and the U.S. Congress ratified the Constitution. | ||
* | *1980: [[Grand_Traverse_Band_of_Ottawa_and_Chippewa_Indians,_Michigan|Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa ]]and Chippewa Indians re-recognized by the federal government | ||
* | *1994: [[Little_River_Band_of_Ottawa_Indians,_Michigan|Little River Band of Ottawa]] Indians and Little Tranverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians are both re-recognized by the federal government<br> | ||
=== Reservations === | === Reservations === | ||
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[[Michigan Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Michigan]], [[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis]], and [[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Centralsuperintendencies]] | [[Michigan Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Michigan]], [[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis]], and [[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Centralsuperintendencies]] | ||
== Records == | === Records === | ||
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br> | |||
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]] | |||
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]] | |||
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]] | |||
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]] | |||
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]] | |||
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]] | |||
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]] | |||
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]] | |||
Some early records of members of the Ottawa Tribe are included in the [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html#75.19.55 records of the Mackinac Agency] now in the Great Lakes Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Chicago<ref>Guide to Federal Records, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75. [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Available online].</ref>. | Some early records of members of the Ottawa Tribe are included in the [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html#75.19.55 records of the Mackinac Agency] now in the Great Lakes Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Chicago<ref>Guide to Federal Records, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75. [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Available online].</ref>. | ||
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*[http://www.grboi.com/archive/pdf/Reports.pdf Additions to the Durant Roll] | *[http://www.grboi.com/archive/pdf/Reports.pdf Additions to the Durant Roll] | ||
==== Correspondence and Census ==== | |||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
<br> | ==== Census Records<br> ==== | ||
1836 census - 6th article of 1836 Treaty of of men, women and children {{FHL|49378|item|disp=FHL Film: 982330}} Item 4 or | 1836 census - 6th article of 1836 Treaty of of men, women and children {{FHL|49378|item|disp=FHL Film: 982330}} Item 4 or FHL Book: Q 970.1 Al #4 | ||
==== Land and Property ==== | |||
Tribally owned land: 40.28 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 234 </ref> | Tribally owned land: 40.28 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 234 </ref> | ||
==== Treaties ==== | |||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh,with the Wyandot, Etc., | |||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] | |||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0018.htm 1789] January 9, at Fort Harmar, with the Wyandot, Etc., | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0018.htm 1789] January 9, at Fort Harmar, with the Wyandot, Etc., | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0039.htm 1795] August 3, at Greenville with the Wyandot, Etc., | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0039.htm 1795] August 3, at Greenville with the Wyandot, Etc., | ||
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*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0297.htm 1829] July 29, at Prairie du Chien, with the Chippewa | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0297.htm 1829] July 29, at Prairie du Chien, with the Chippewa | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0335.htm 1831] August 30, with the Ottawa | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0335.htm 1831] August 30, with the Ottawa | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0392.htm 1833] February 18, at Maumee | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0392.htm 1833] February 18, at Maumee | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0402.htm 1833] September 26, at Chicago with Chippewa | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0402.htm 1833] September 26, at Chicago with Chippewa | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0450.htm 1836] March 28, at Washington, with the Ottawa | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0450.htm 1836] March 28, at Washington, with the Ottawa | ||
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*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sen0960.htm 1867] February 23, with Seneca, Mixed Seneca and Shawnee, Quapaw, Etc., | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sen0960.htm 1867] February 23, with Seneca, Mixed Seneca and Shawnee, Quapaw, Etc., | ||
==== Vital Records ==== | |||
*Quapaw Agency, M595, | *Quapaw Agency, M595, | ||
**Births and deaths 1924-1932, FHL Film: 581408 | |||
==== Cemetery Records ==== | |||
*Housman, Gerald L. ''Ottawa Indian Cemetery, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 1870-1995. Tulsa, OK: Cock-A-Hoop Pub. Bartlesville, OK: Distributed by G.L. Housman, ©1996. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/ottawa-indian-cemetery-ottawa-county-oklahoma-1870-1995/oclc/36008661 WorldCat 36008661] | *Housman, Gerald L. ''Ottawa Indian Cemetery, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 1870-1995. Tulsa, OK: Cock-A-Hoop Pub. Bartlesville, OK: Distributed by G.L. Housman, ©1996. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/ottawa-indian-cemetery-ottawa-county-oklahoma-1870-1995/oclc/36008661 WorldCat 36008661] | ||
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&GSvcid=146089&GRid=21888260&CRid=291081& Find A Grave:Ottawa Indian Cemetery], Ottawa Indian Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma | *[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&GSvcid=146089&GRid=21888260&CRid=291081& Find A Grave:Ottawa Indian Cemetery], Ottawa Indian Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma | ||
==== Religious Records ==== | |||
*Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians had an association with Catholic ministries, orders, churches, schools, etc. in its history. The tribe's online [http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/Arch/OurLandandCultureforweb.pdf <u>Our Land and Culture Book</u>] suggests Catholic religous records from their geographical location can be helpful in family history research. | *Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians had an association with Catholic ministries, orders, churches, schools, etc. in its history. The tribe's online [http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/Arch/OurLandandCultureforweb.pdf <u>Our Land and Culture Book</u>] suggests Catholic religous records from their geographical location can be helpful in family history research. | ||
== Important Web Sites == | === Important Web Sites === | ||
==== History of the Tribe ==== | |||
*[http://www.gtbindians.org/history.asp Grand Traverse Band] -- History of the Ottawa Tribe | *[http://www.gtbindians.org/history.asp Grand Traverse Band] -- History of the Ottawa Tribe | ||
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*[http://www.ottawatribe.org/ Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma ]at Miami, Oklahoma | *[http://www.ottawatribe.org/ Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma ]at Miami, Oklahoma | ||
== References == | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||