Chippewa Tribe: Difference between revisions

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List of bands from the National Archives descriptive pamphlet: Bad River Chippewa, Bois Fort Chippewa, Cass Lake and Winnibigoshish Chippewa, Chippewa Chippewa, Fond du Lac Chippewa. Grand Portage Chippewa, Gull Lake Chippewa, Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa, Lac du Flambeau Chippewa, Leech Lake Pillager Chippewa, Mille Lac Chippewa, Nett Lake Chippewa, Otter Tail Pillage, Pembina, Red Cliff Chippewa, Red Lake Chippewa, Rice Lake Chippewa, turtle Mountain, Vermillion Lake Chippewa, and White Earth Chippewa  

Linguistic: Algonquian including Athabascan or Dene. The 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia proves the Athabascan or Dene People, are Algonquian. Click the link below. Or visit googlebooks.com. Write The 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia in the search box. Another link below has a list of Algonquian speaking tribes. It's very helpful in learning about how spread the Algonquian language is.<br>  

'''See also:''' [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]]  

[http://www.glitc.org/ Great Lakes Inter-tribal Council Tribal]'''<br>'''St. Croix Chippewa Community<br>24663 Angeline Avenue - Webster WI 54893<br>Phone: 715-349-2195 - Fax: 715-349-5768<br>  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Shell_Tribe_of_Chippewa_Indians_of_Montana Little Shell Tribe Of Chippewa Indians of Montana]<br>P.O. Box 543<br>Black Eagle, MT 59414<br>Phone (406) 315-2400<br>Fax (406) 315-2401<br>email: ggray@gng.net  

=== History  ===

*Kas-ka-te-no-pi-sim- Freezing Moon, October  

*I-ko-pew-pi-sim- Frosty Moon, November  

==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands  ====

*'''1622:''' Encountered a Frenchman employed by Samuel de Champlain.  

*'''1689-1763:''' Fought the English and French in the French and Indian War, to protect their land and race.  

*'''1763: '''Led by their leader '''Bwan-di-ac (Pontiac)''', they fought the English who protected the French Colony in Quebec.  

*'''1776-1783: '''Fought the British and their colonies during the Revolutionary War.  

*'''1783-1795: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies for control of the Midwest. The war ended after the Chippewa's lost the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.  

*'''1838-1839:''' Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's followed prophecy and commenced an exodus west into Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. They eventually settled in Kansas. Most continued to follow prophecy and migrated down to northern Mexico. The State of Coahuila, where a very large Reservation was set aside for them. Chief Eshtonoquot was one of the principle Chippewa leaders during the 1838-1839 exodus.  

*'''1846: '''On June 5 and 17 of 1846, the United States broke treaty and illegally eradicated the 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation in Iowa, extreme southern Minnesota, and northwestern Missouri. After the Reservation was eradicated, large numbers of Chippewa's followed prophecy and migrated west and to Mexico. Among them was probably chief Big Bear and the parents of chief Rocky Boy. Actually, Chief Big Bear may have been chief Rocky Boy's father. Chief Little Bear (he was one of chief Big Bears sons) told the whites his father lived along the Snake River in southeastern Idaho. They moved up to the Black Hills of southwestern Montana. Chief Rocky Boy was born in either 1852 or 1853, near what would become Anaconda, Montana. After the eradication of the Chippewa's Iowa and Missouri Reservation, some of the Chippewa's relocated to eastern Kansas. The United States no longer referred to the Chippewa's of the old Chippewa Reservation in Iowa and Missouri, as Chippewa. They commenced to call them Potawatomi. Later, they included the Citizen Chippewa's as Citizen Potawatomi likewise. The Prairie Potawatomi Reservation of Kansas is really a Chippewa Reservation. They are the same people. The only part of the 5 million acre Reservation remaining now, is the Sac &amp; Fox and Ioway Reservation of Nebraska. It borders the old 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation. Of course, the Sac and Ioway are Chippewa.<br>  

*'''1847: '''Ceded more land in Michigan and Wisconsin.  

*'''1850: '''On September 7, 1850, the Saulteaux Chippewa's signed the Robinson Superior Treaty which created a large Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve north of Lake Superior where Pigeon River is located near Grand Portage Reservation, to Batchawana Bay in Ontario.  

*'''1855: '''On October 17, 1855, the Little Shell Chippewa Blackfeet Reservation was created. It is also known as the [[Judith basin indian reservation]]. Other tribes included are the Blackfeet Chippewa's, Flathead including the Kalispel,&nbsp; Pend d'Orellie, and Spokane all of whom are a mixture of Chippewa and Salish, and the Nez Perce.  

*'''1859: '''On July 16, 1859, the Swan Creek and Black River Chippewa's, allowed the Munsee to live with them in Kansas.  

*'''1860-1885: '''Fought a series of wars against the white invaders in Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Alberta, and Saskatchewan.  

*'''1863: '''On October 2, 1863, the infamous Old Crossing Treaty was signed. Chief's Little Shell III, Red Thunder, and other Chippewa leaders refused to sign this treaty. It ceded Chippewa land in Minnesota and North Dakota. The Chippewa's retained all unceded land.  

*'''1873: '''On March 3, 1873, a treaty created the Pembina Chippewa Reservation of Minnesota. It is supposedly within the boundaries of White Earth Reservation.  

*'''1873: '''On August 16, 1873, the Little Shell Chippewa's [[Judith basin indian reservation]] was created. It was located within the boundaries of the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on October 17, 1855. Supposedly the River Crow were created this Reservation but the Little Shell Chippewa's have long lived in that part of Montana. The Crow supposedly refused to move to the Reservation. The River Crow are really the Little Shell Chippewa's. The October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty which was signed near the mouth of the Judith River in Montana, does not mention the River Crow nor the Dakotas including the Brule, Hunkpapa, Santee, Sissetons, Wahpetons, and Yanktonai. It does mention the Assiniboine who are Nakota or Nakoda. However, they are not Dakota. They are the enemies of the Dakotas. The Judith River is within the boundaries of the [[Judith basin indian reservation]].<br>  

*'''1875: '''On April 13, 1875, the United States added land to the Blackfeet Reservation of Montana which was created on October 17, 1855. The new land additions were located adjacent to and south of what is now the Fort Peck Reservation. It clearly States in the treaty that the land additions were for the Blackfoot, Blood, Gros Ventre, Piegan, and River Crow who are really the Little Shell Chippewa's.  

*'''1875: '''On September 20, 1875, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of Manitoba were created a large Reserve in Manitoba. In all, there were 18 adhesion signings to Treaty 5. This is Treaty 5.  

*'''1890's''' The Chippewa tribe united with the [[Cree Indians|Cree tribe]].  

*'''1892:''' Chiefs Little Shell III and Red Thunder, refused to sign the illegal McCumber Agreement which was about 11 million acres along the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, and the vast [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain Reservation in]] the northern plains which was set aside in 1882.  

*'''1899: '''On June 21, 1899, a large Reserve was created for the Saulteau Chippewa's of British Columbia, northern Alberta, northwestern Saskatchewan, and the southeastern part of what is now the Northwest Territories. All Treaty 8 land in British Columbia, a small part of northeastern Alberta, and all of Treaty 8 land in the southeastern part of the Northwest Territories, remains a Saulteau Chippewa Reserve. This is Treaty 8.  

*'''1906: '''On August 19, 1906, a large Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve was created in northern Saskatchewan. In all, there were 4 signings to Treaty 10. This is Treaty 10.  

*'''1910-1920: '''In northern Mexico, the large Reservations created for the Chippewa's, other Indians, and blacks were eradicated by Mexico. It led to the 1910-1920 Mexican Civil War. Indian and black soldiers fought their way south into southern Mexico. The settled between the Mexican States of Nayarit and Oaxaca. Many of the blacks settled in the region where Costa Chica is located.  

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether  

[[Bay Mills Indian Reservation (Michigan)|Bay Mills]], [[Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Grand Portage]], [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Leeck Lake]], [[Mille Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mille Lacs]], [[Red Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Red Lake]], Nett Lake, [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain]], [[White Earth Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Earth]], [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's]], Bad River, [[Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac Courte Oreilles]], [[Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac du Flambeau]], Keweenaw Bay, [[Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Fond Du Lac]], Mole Lake, [[Red Cliff Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Red Cliff]],  

==== Agencies  ====

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Idaho has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.  

===== Allotment Records  =====

==== Correspondence and Census  ====

| Chippewa, Kansas  

| [[Potawatomi Indian Agency (Kansas)|Potawatomi Agency]], ca. 1876  

| Rolls 678-95  

|  

====  ====

*The 1907 census, the so-called Durant Roll entries are arranged alphabetically by first letter of the surname and grouped by tribal bands. The census includes the 1870 census roll number (This number indexes Durant's filed notes and consists of two numbers separated by a hypen. The firs number is assigned to a specific family; the second number is the page number on the field notes. (source: NARA RR#1002)

National Archives film M234, Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1881. Includes 1. 1838 list of Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawatomie entitled to benefits at the Council Bluffs Agency. (File H571, Roll 215) 2. 1878 lists of heads of families for Pillager and Lake Winnebigoshish Chippewa, (Fild K259, Roll 1166) 3. 1878 lists of heads of families for White Oake, Point and Mississippi Chippewa, (File K266, Roll 166)(source: NAR RR#1002)  

*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh - Wyandot  

*November 17, 1807, at Detroit - Ottawa  

*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0099.htm 1808] November 25, at Brownstown  

*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0132.htm 1816] August 24, at St. Louis - Ottawa  

*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0145.htm 1817] September 29, on the Miami - Wyandot