6,207
edits
editing
(editing this page) |
(editing) |
||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
They have Algonquin origins as do the Apache and Navajo. The Kickapoo originally lived in southeastern Michigan and northern Ohio or the land of the Saginaw Chippewas who are also known as the Swan Creek and Black River Chippewas. They (the Swan Creek and Black River Chippewas) probably originally lived in Montana. Ojibway authors from the 19th century, wrote about the Chippewas forcing their way east, from a westerly location. The 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia recorded that the Leni Lenape, who are also known as the Delaware, forced their way east from a location along the Missouri River. The Delaware speak Chippewa according to the 19th century Ojibway author Peter Jones. | They have Algonquin origins as do the Apache and Navajo. The Kickapoo originally lived in southeastern Michigan and northern Ohio or the land of the Saginaw Chippewas who are also known as the Swan Creek and Black River Chippewas. They (the Swan Creek and Black River Chippewas) probably originally lived in Montana. Ojibway authors from the 19th century, wrote about the Chippewas forcing their way east, from a westerly location. The 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia recorded that the Leni Lenape, who are also known as the Delaware, forced their way east from a location along the Missouri River. The Delaware speak Chippewa according to the 19th century Ojibway author Peter Jones. | ||
The Kickapoo Chippewas have lived in the lands now known as Arizona state for an extremely long time. Their territory probably extended as far south as northern Sinaloa in Mexico, if not much further south. Today, the Saginaw Kickapoo Chippewas are continuing to cling to their Anishinabe identity in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico. They are living in southeastern Arizona just west of their old Chiricahua Reservation. They are trying to gain State and Federal Recognition in Arizona. To better their chances of gaining State or Federal Recognition, they know they can't claim to be Chippewa. Read the Seven Fires Prophecy. Click this link [http://www.indianz.com/News/2005/006868.asp www.indianz.com/News/2005/006868.asp] to read about the Kickapoo of Arizona. | The Kickapoo Chippewas have lived in the lands now known as Arizona state for an extremely long time. Their territory probably extended as far south as northern Sinaloa in Mexico, if not much further south. Today, the Saginaw Kickapoo Chippewas are continuing to cling to their Anishinabe identity in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico. They are living in southeastern Arizona just west of their old Chiricahua Reservation. They are trying to gain State and Federal Recognition in Arizona. To better their chances of gaining State or Federal Recognition, they know they can't claim to be Chippewa. Read the Seven Fires Prophecy. Click this link [http://www.indianz.com/News/2005/006868.asp www.indianz.com/News/2005/006868.asp] to read about the Kickapoo of Arizona. | ||
== The 1909 Montana Chippewa Deportations == | == The 1909 Montana Chippewa Deportations == | ||
In 1909, the United States again refused to honor treaty. They | In 1909, the United States again refused to honor treaty. They began to gather the Chippewas who continued to live throughout the Reservations they created for them, before or after the 1896 Deportations. Chief Rocky Boy had no choice but to act on behalf of the Montana Chippewas. If he didn't he possibly faced jail time. | ||
In 1908, chief Rocky Boy | In 1908, chief Rocky Boy began gathering the Little Shell Chippewas who lived in the mountains north, east, and southeast of Helena, Montana. They were sent to a location near Helena to await relocation to reservation lands. Chief Rocky Boy was ordered to gather the Little Shell Chippewas who lived around Great Falls, Montana. Indian Agent Frank Churchill was sent to Montana in 1908-1909, to find chief Rocky Boy to negotiate with him about the relocation of Native Americans to reservation lands. | ||
Churchill found chief Rocky Boy at a Chippewa village near Garrison, Montana (it was possibly located very near the St. | Churchill found chief Rocky Boy at a Chippewa village near Garrison, Montana (it was possibly located very near the St. Peter's Mission near Ulm, Montana, 4 miles northeast of Garrison) and they negotiated the terms of locations which would be suitable for relocating the Montana Chippewas. | ||
One location was Blackfeet Reservation lands. In November of 1909, several hundred Chippewas were deported to the 4th Blackfeet Reservation. The Land Acts were likely the main reason for the Deportations. Churchill had to request that all of Valley County, Montana (it was really Fort Peck Reservation) be withdrawn from white settlement and a new 2,592 sq. mi. Chippewa Reservation be created. Both requests were granted. William R. Logan, who was the Superintendent of Fort Belknap Reservation, was put in charge of finding land for the new Chippewa Reservation for the Chippewa's from Fort Peck Reservation. | |||
He had the land south and west of Fort Belknap Reservation added on to Fort Belknap Reservation. Chief Rocky Boy was instrumental in having that new Reservation created. It's still there. Chief Rocky Boy was also probably responsible for the creation of the Sells Papago Reservation. In 1909, the United States was very aware of the coming Mexican Civil War and knew they had to keep the Arizona Indians out of that coming conflict. | |||
He had the land south and west of Fort Belknap Reservation added on to | |||
== The Sells Papago Reservation's Creation == | == The Sells Papago Reservation's Creation == | ||
While chief Rocky Boy was negotiating with Frank Churchill, both probably negotiated about having new Chippewa Reservations created in southern Arizona. In 1909, there were yet around 2,000 Kickapoo Chippewa's living in southeastern Arizona. They were landless like the Montana | While chief Rocky Boy was negotiating with Frank Churchill, both probably negotiated about having new Chippewa Reservations created in southern Arizona. In 1909, there were yet around 2,000 Kickapoo Chippewa's living in southeastern Arizona. They were landless like the Montana Chippewas. The United States did not want them getting involved in the coming Mexican Civil War. | ||
Chief Rocky Boy acted on their behalf. He also requested that those | Chief Rocky Boy acted on their behalf. He also requested that those Chippewas in Montana who did not want to move to the 4th Blakfeet Reservation and Fort Belknap Reservation, or were not allowed to move to those Montana Reservations, be relocated to Arizona. | ||
On June 17, 1909, the Sells Papago Reservation was created. It is an extension of the Gila Bend Reservation. | On June 17, 1909, the Sells Papago Reservation was created. It is an extension of the Gila Bend Reservation. The Mexican Civil War was looming on the horizon for the Federal Government. After the Gila Bend Reservation was enlarged, it was close to 6,000 sq. mi. After it was enlarged, the Kickapoo Chippewas who lived in southeastern Arizona, moved to the Gila Bend Reservation which is now known as the Sells Papago Reservation. | ||
Many Montana Chippewas were boarded onto trains and relocated to the new large Reservation in southern Arizona, adjacent to Mexico. That happened in the 1909-1910 time period. What the United States did actually kept the Arizona Indians out of the Mexican Civil War. They did keep their promise. Unfortunately the US government forced Chippewa children (and children from other tribes as well) to attend white boarding schools where they were not allowed to speak in their native language, nor practice their own culture. These children eventually lost their Chippewa and other native Tribal identities. | |||
In 1916-1917, the United States reduced the size of the Gila Bend Reservation. The Sells Papago Reservation now covers 4,453 sq. mi. It is no longer connected to the Gila Bend Reservation, Gila River Reservation, and Maricopa or Akchin Reservation. | In 1916-1917, the United States reduced the size of the Gila Bend Reservation. The Sells Papago Reservation now covers 4,453 sq. mi. It is no longer connected to the Gila Bend Reservation, Gila River Reservation, and Maricopa or Akchin Reservation. Many native Americans have strong faith in what is known by them as "The Seven Fires Prophecy" which foretold and warned of the coming events for the native Americans. | ||
=== Brief Timeline === | === Brief Timeline === | ||