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Most records used in Scottish research are in English. They may, however, be difficult to read because of unique Scottish words, Latin words, or different handwriting styles.
Most records used in Scottish research are in English. They may, however, be difficult to read because of unique Scottish words, [[Latin_Genealogical_Word_List|Latin words]], or different handwriting styles.  


=== Unique Scottish Words ===
=== Unique Scottish Words ===


Some words you will see in Scottish records are not used in English. The following list contains some of the more commonly used Scottish words:
Some words you will see in Scottish records are not used in English. The following list contains some of the more commonly used Scottish words:  


{|  
{|
|-
|-
|  
|  
Scottish Words
Scottish Words


| English         Translation
| English         Translation  
| '''A                                                  '''
| '''A                                                  '''  
| '''A'''
| '''A'''
|-
|-
| aith
| aith  
| oath
| oath
|-
|-
| ane
| ane  
| one, an
| one, an
|-
|-
| '''B'''
| '''B'''  
| '''B'''
| '''B'''
|-
|-
| bairne, bairn
| bairne, bairn  
| child or baby
| child or baby
|-
|-
| bairnis
| bairnis  
| baby’s
| baby’s
|-
|-
| baptist
| baptist  
| baptized
| baptized
|-
|-
| beand
| beand  
| being
| being
|-
|-
| befoir
| befoir  
| before
| before
|-
|-
| befeir
| befeir  
| before
| before
|-
|-
| burgh
| burgh  
| borough, town
| borough, town
|-
|-
| '''C'''
| '''C'''  
| '''C'''
| '''C'''
|-
|-
| callit
| callit  
| called
| called
|-
|-
| compear
| compear  
| appeared
| appeared
|-
|-
| '''D'''
| '''D'''  
| '''D'''
| '''D'''
|-
|-
| deponit
| deponit  
| deponed (witness)
| deponed (witness)
|-
|-
| do
| do  
| ditto
| ditto
|-
|-
| doits
| doits  
| money (coins)
| money (coins)
|-
|-
| '''F'''
| '''F'''  
| '''F'''
| '''F'''
|-
|-
| fay, fayr
| fay, fayr  
| father
| father
|-
|-
| '''H'''
| '''H'''  
| '''H'''
| '''H'''
|-
|-
| haid
| haid  
| had
| had
|-
|-
| '''I'''
| '''I'''  
| '''I'''
| '''I'''
|-
|-
| ilk ("of that ilk")
| ilk ("of that ilk")  
| having a surname of the same place
| having a surname of the same place
|-
|-
| '''K'''
| '''K'''  
| '''K'''
| '''K'''
|-
|-
| kirk, kyrk
| kirk, kyrk  
| church
| church
|-
|-
| '''L'''
| '''L'''  
| '''L'''
| '''L'''
|-
|-
| laird
| laird  
| title of landholder
| title of landholder
|-
|-
| lawful
| lawful  
| legitimate offspring
| legitimate offspring
|-
|-
| '''M'''
| '''M'''  
| '''M'''
| '''M'''
|-
|-
| miln, myln
| miln, myln  
| mill
| mill
|-
|-
| main bairn
| main bairn  
| boy child
| boy child
|-
|-
| maid bairn
| maid bairn  
| girl child
| girl child
|-
|-
| mortcloth
| mortcloth  
| cloth covering body during burial ceremony
| cloth covering body during burial ceremony
|-
|-
| moy, moyr
| moy, moyr  
| mother
| mother
|-
|-
| '''N'''
| '''N'''  
| '''N'''
| '''N'''
|-
|-
| natural
| natural  
| often refers to illegitimate off-spring but could be used for legitimate offspring as well
| often refers to illegitimate off-spring but could be used for legitimate offspring as well
|-
|-
| nevoy
| nevoy  
| nephew
| nephew
|-
|-
| new born
| new born  
| usually unbaptized child
| usually unbaptized child
|-
|-
| '''P'''
| '''P'''  
| '''P'''
| '''P'''
|-
|-
| pns
| pns  
| presence (of)
| presence (of)
|-
|-
| producit
| producit  
| produced
| produced
|-
|-
| putit
| putit  
| presented
| presented
|-
|-
| pwir
| pwir  
| poor
| poor
|-
|-
| '''Q'''
| '''Q'''  
| '''Q'''
| '''Q'''
|-
|-
| quwh
| quwh  
| (such as who)
| (such as who)
|-
|-
| quha
| quha  
| who
| who
|-
|-
| qlk, quilk, quhilk, quhilck
| qlk, quilk, quhilk, quhilck  
| which
| which
|-
|-
| quairfoir
| quairfoir  
| wherefore
| wherefore
|-
|-
| '''R'''
| '''R'''  
| '''R'''
| '''R'''
|-
|-
| raiefeit
| raiefeit  
| ratified
| ratified
|-
|-
| relict
| relict  
| widow, widower
| widow, widower
|-
|-
| resile, resiled
| resile, resiled  
| withdrawn (such as an offer of marriage)
| withdrawn (such as an offer of marriage)
|-
|-
| '''S'''
| '''S'''  
| '''S'''
| '''S'''
|-
|-
| schew
| schew  
| show
| show
|-
|-
| seik
| seik  
| sick
| sick
|-
|-
| siclike, sicklike, syklyk
| siclike, sicklike, syklyk  
| likewise
| likewise
|-
|-
| stillborn
| stillborn  
| born and died same day
| born and died same day
|-
|-
| '''U'''
| '''U'''  
| '''U'''
| '''U'''
|-
|-
| unquhile, umquil
| unquhile, umquil  
| late, former, deceased
| late, former, deceased
|-
|-
| '''V'''
| '''V'''  
| '''V'''
| '''V'''
|-
|-
| varnit
| varnit  
| warned
| warned
|-
|-
| vide
| vide  
| see (such as, see page)
| see (such as, see page)
|-
|-
| '''W'''
| '''W'''  
| '''W'''
| '''W'''
|-
|-
| wreitting
| wreitting  
| writing
| writing
|-
|-
| wmquil, umquil
| wmquil, umquil  
| now deceased
| now deceased
|}
|}
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To find definitions for other words that are unfamiliar to you, you can use one of several Scottish dictionaries:  
To find definitions for other words that are unfamiliar to you, you can use one of several Scottish dictionaries:  


Craigie, Sir William A. ''A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, from the Twelfth Century to the End of the Seventeenth''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1937-. (Family History Library[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=403.41+Sco87c book 403.41 Sco87c.)]
Craigie, Sir William A. ''A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, from the Twelfth Century to the End of the Seventeenth''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1937-. (Family History Library[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=403.41+Sco87c book 403.41 Sco87c.)]  


Graham, William. ''The Scots Word Book''. 3rd rev. ed. Edinburgh, Scotland: Ramsey Head Press, 1980. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=185380&disp=The+Scots+word+book%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 427.9411 G76s] 1980.)  
Graham, William. ''The Scots Word Book''. 3rd rev. ed. Edinburgh, Scotland: Ramsey Head Press, 1980. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=185380&disp=The+Scots+word+book%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 427.9411 G76s] 1980.)  
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Warrack, Alexander. ''A Scots Dialect Dictionary''. London, England: W. & R. Chambers, 1911. (Family History Library book 427.9411 W25s.)  
Warrack, Alexander. ''A Scots Dialect Dictionary''. London, England: W. & R. Chambers, 1911. (Family History Library book 427.9411 W25s.)  


Robinson, Mairi, ed. ''The Concise Scots Dictionary''. Oxford, England: Aberdeen University Press, 1985. (Family Hhistory Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=188877&disp=The+Concise+Scots+dictionary%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 427.9411 C748c].)
Robinson, Mairi, ed. ''The Concise Scots Dictionary''. Oxford, England: Aberdeen University Press, 1985. (Family Hhistory Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=188877&disp=The+Concise+Scots+dictionary%20%20&columns=*,0,0 book 427.9411 C748c].)  


=== Latin ===
=== Latin ===


Some Scottish records may contain Latin. Knowing some Latin will help you read these records. For help with Latin words, see the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).
Some Scottish records may contain Latin. Knowing some Latin will help you read these records. For help with Latin words, see the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).  


=== Handwriting ===
=== Handwriting ===


Handwriting styles have changed over time. In early records, the handwriting is quite different from what it is today.  Visit [[Scotland Handwriting]] in  Research Topics.
Handwriting styles have changed over time. In early records, the handwriting is quite different from what it is today.  Visit [[Scotland Handwriting|Scotland Handwriting]] in  Research Topics.  


=== Abbreviations ===
=== Abbreviations ===


Abbreviations are common in early handwriting. When recorders left letters out of a word, they indicated the fact by using various marks, such as a period, a colon, a tail on the last letter of the word, a curvy line over the word, or a raised letter at the end of the word. Abbreviations can be indicated in many ways, and it is important to study individual writers to see how they made abbreviations.
Abbreviations are common in early handwriting. When recorders left letters out of a word, they indicated the fact by using various marks, such as a period, a colon, a tail on the last letter of the word, a curvy line over the word, or a raised letter at the end of the word. Abbreviations can be indicated in many ways, and it is important to study individual writers to see how they made abbreviations.  


In Scottish church records, ministers often used only the first letter of the words, for example:
In Scottish church records, ministers often used only the first letter of the words, for example:  


L.S. = lawful son
L.S. = lawful son  


L.D. = lawful daughter
L.D. = lawful daughter  


N.S. = natural son
N.S. = natural son  


N.D. = natural daughter
N.D. = natural daughter  


ch. = child
ch. = child  


Ch. N. = child named
Ch. N. = child named  


N. = named
N. = named  


Instead of writing the words father, mother, witness, son, or daughter, the minister may have used f, m, w, s, or other letters.
Instead of writing the words father, mother, witness, son, or daughter, the minister may have used f, m, w, s, or other letters.  


=== Dates  ===
=== Dates  ===
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{{Place|Scotland}}  
{{Place|Scotland}}  


[[Category:Scotland]] [[Category:Language and Languages]]
[[Category:Scotland|Scotland]] [[Category:Language_and_Languages|Language_and_Languages]]
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