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Portuguese Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
Portuguese Genealogical Word List (view source)
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Portuguese is a Romance language and is very similar to Spanish. It is the national language of Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, and Angola. It is also spoken on the Chinese island of Macau and in the Goa region of India and used in some of the official records of these places. In the United States, Portuguese is spoken in places such as Fall River and New Bedford, Massachusetts, as well as many areas in California and Hawaii where Portuguese immigrants have settled. | Portuguese is a Romance language and is very similar to Spanish. It is the national language of Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, and Angola. It is also spoken on the Chinese island of Macau and in the Goa region of India and used in some of the official records of these places. In the United States, Portuguese is spoken in places such as Fall River and New Bedford, Massachusetts, as well as many areas in California and Hawaii where Portuguese immigrants have settled. | ||
== Word List == | == Word List == | ||
=== Language Characteristics === | === Language Characteristics === | ||
Portuguese words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or, in some cases, neuter. ''O'' (the masculine form of ''the'') is used with masculine words. ''A'' (the feminine form of ''the'') is used with feminine words. Masculine nouns generally end in ''o, r, l, '' | Portuguese words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or, in some cases, neuter. '''''O''''' (the masculine form of ''the'') is used with masculine words. '''''A''''' (the feminine form of ''the'') is used with feminine words. Masculine nouns generally end in '''''o'''''<i>, '''r''', '''l''', </i>and '''''ma'''''. Feminine nouns generally end in ''a, '''ão''', '''dade''', '''tude''','' and '''''ume'''''. Nouns which end in '''''or'''''generally are masculine; an '''''a''''' is added to indicate the feminine version. | ||
Adjectives which end in o or a reflect the same gender of the nouns they refer to. For example, the married son would be translated as o filho casado,while the married daughter would be translated as a filha casada. | Adjectives which end in '''''o''''' or '''''a''''' reflect the same gender of the nouns they refer to. For example, ''the married son'' would be translated as ''o filho casado'',while ''the married daughter'' would be translated as ''a filha casada''. | ||
Many adjectives do not end in o or a and so do not indicate gender. For example, the large book would be translated as o livro grande, while the large parish would be translated as a paróquia grande. | Many adjectives do not end in '''''o''''' or '''''a''''' and so do not indicate gender. For example, ''the large book'' would be translated as ''o livro grande'', while ''the large parish'' would be translated as ''a paróquia grande''. | ||
=== Variant Forms of Words === | ==== Variant Forms of Words ==== | ||
In Portuguese, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence.Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives only the standard form of each Portuguese word. As you read Portuguese records, be aware that some words vary with usage. | In Portuguese, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence.''Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives only the standard form of each Portuguese word. As you read Portuguese records, be aware that some words vary with usage. | ||
Plural forms of Portuguese words usually add s to the singular noun as well as the article and adjective. Thus, o avô materno (the maternal grandparent) becomes os avôs maternos (the maternal grandparents). | Plural forms of Portuguese words usually add '''''s''''' to the singular noun as well as the article and adjective. Thus, ''o avô materno'' (the maternal grandparent) becomes ''os avôs maternos'' (the maternal grandparents). | ||
=== Alphabetical Order === | ==== Alphabetical Order ==== | ||
The Portuguese alphabet uses the same 26 letters and alphabetical used in English. The letters k and w are used only in words that are not of Portuguese origin. | The Portuguese alphabet uses the same 26 letters and alphabetical used in English. The letters '''''k''''' and '''''w''''' are used only in words that are not of Portuguese origin. | ||
=== Accent Marks === | ==== Accent Marks ==== | ||
Some letters in Portuguese can carry accent marks that indicate how to pronounce the letter, or which syllable in a word is stressed. They do not affect alphabetical order. The accent marks include: | Some letters in Portuguese can carry accent marks that indicate how to pronounce the letter, or which syllable in a word is stressed. They do not affect alphabetical order. The accent marks include: | ||
agudo á, é, í, ó, ú | :agudo á, é, í, ó, ú | ||
cedilha ç | :cedilha ç | ||
circunflexo ê, ô | :circunflexo ê, ô | ||
grave à, è | :grave à, è | ||
til ã, ˜e, õ, ˜u | :til ã, ˜e, õ, ˜u | ||
trema ü | :trema ü | ||
=== Spelling === | === Spelling === | ||
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Although Portuguese spelling was standardized by the mid-1700s, scribes usually spelled words the way they sounded. Generally, variations between old and modern spellings should not cause too much trouble for the researcher. The following words are examples of old and modern spelling variations: | Although Portuguese spelling was standardized by the mid-1700s, scribes usually spelled words the way they sounded. Generally, variations between old and modern spellings should not cause too much trouble for the researcher. The following words are examples of old and modern spelling variations: | ||
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| '''Variation''' | | '''Variation''' | ||
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=== Additional Resources === | === Additional Resources === | ||
This word list includes words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Portuguese-English dictionary. Several Portuguese- English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 469.321. | This word list includes words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Portuguese-English dictionary. Several Portuguese- English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 469.321. | ||
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Basic Portuguese Paleography. Series H, no. 20. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints, Genealogical Department, 1978. (FHL book 467.17 B292, fiche 6001480.) This guide includes many examples of Portuguese records, handwriting, abbreviations, given names, and spelling variations. | Basic Portuguese Paleography. Series H, no. 20. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints, Genealogical Department, 1978. (FHL book 467.17 B292, fiche 6001480.) This guide includes many examples of Portuguese records, handwriting, abbreviations, given names, and spelling variations. | ||
=== Key Words === | === Key Words === | ||
To find and use specific types of Portuguese records, you will need to know some key words. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Portuguese words with the same or similar meanings, including varying forms of the same word. | To find and use specific types of Portuguese records, you will need to know some key words. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Portuguese words with the same or similar meanings, including varying forms of the same word. | ||
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=== Numbers === | === Numbers === | ||
In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. In Portuguese, days of the month are written in ordinal form. | In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. In Portuguese, days of the month are written in ordinal form. | ||
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=== Dates and Time === | === Dates and Time === | ||
In Portuguese records, dates are spelled out, for example: | In Portuguese records, dates are spelled out, for example: | ||
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=== Days of the Week === | === Days of the Week === | ||
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