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Little Shell Band of the Chippewa Tribe: Difference between revisions
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== History == | == History == | ||
Chippewas have lived in Montana for a very long time. Centuries before the whites invaded the America's. In Montana, the Algonquians are known as the Arapaho (that includes the Gros Ventre), Blackfeet, Cheyenne, Chippewa, and Cree. The Flathead (they include the Kailspel, Pend d'Oreille, and Spokane) are a mixture of Algonquin and non Algonquin Indians. Their language is in fact a part of the Algonquian language family.''' | Chippewas have lived in Montana for a very long time. Centuries before the whites invaded the America's. In Montana, the Algonquians are known as the Arapaho (that includes the Gros Ventre), Blackfeet, Cheyenne, Chippewa, and Cree. The Flathead (they include the Kailspel, Pend d'Oreille, and Spokane) are a mixture of Algonquin and non Algonquin Indians. Their language is in fact a part of the Algonquian language family.''' '''Under important websites below''', '''is a link to a pdf book about the history of the Little Shell Tribe. It's the third link. It includes geneological information. | ||
What brought the Chippewas west into the Montana region was prophecy. They were alarmed about the Seven Fires Prophecy and reacted with intense acceptance. Survival was put first. They commenced to migrate west into the Montana region about 1,000 to 1,500 years ago. Thus, the reason for why the Flathead People including the Kalispel, Pend d'Oreille, and Spokane speak the same language. Ojibway authors from the 19th century, wrote about the Chippewas forcing their way west into Montana and fighting the Flatheads. This ancient war happened long ago. | What brought the Chippewas west into the Montana region was prophecy. They were alarmed about the Seven Fires Prophecy and reacted with intense acceptance. Survival was put first. They commenced to migrate west into the Montana region about 1,000 to 1,500 years ago. Thus, the reason for why the Flathead People including the Kalispel, Pend d'Oreille, and Spokane speak the same language. Ojibway authors from the 19th century, wrote about the Chippewas forcing their way west into Montana and fighting the Flatheads. This ancient war happened long ago. | ||
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== The 1876-1877 War == | == The 1876-1877 War == | ||
In 1876, the United States launched a military campaign against the Montana Chippewas. It lasted for nearly 3 years. The Nez Perce did not commence an exodus east, they commenced an exodus west, as told to do in the Seven Fires Prophecy. | In 1876, the United States launched a military campaign against the Montana Chippewas. It lasted for nearly 3 years. The Nez Perce did not commence an exodus east, they commenced an exodus west, as told to do in the Seven Fires Prophecy. The so called Great Sioux War of 1876-1877, was fought primarily in Montana and Wyoming, and did not involve the Indians from South Dakota.<br> | ||
== The Little Shell Pembina Chippewa Reservation == | == The Little Shell Pembina Chippewa Reservation == | ||
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According to a reporter from the Havre Advertiser, he claimed the Chippewa village located near Sun River Park, had 45 lodges and a population of 150 people. Three people per lodge. His population estimate it too low. Things were different back then. Families had to support each other which means household sizes were larger then. The population of the Chippewa village had to be between 300 and 400. Six people per lodge. | According to a reporter from the Havre Advertiser, he claimed the Chippewa village located near Sun River Park, had 45 lodges and a population of 150 people. Three people per lodge. His population estimate it too low. Things were different back then. Families had to support each other which means household sizes were larger then. The population of the Chippewa village had to be between 300 and 400. Six people per lodge. | ||
And the other evidence that Great Falls, Montana is within a Chippewa Reservation, is very easy to find if you do enough research. Click this link [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?style=law&data=/gmd370m/g3701m/g3701em/gct00002/ca000039.sid&title=Montana+ | And the other evidence that Great Falls, Montana is within a Chippewa Reservation, is very easy to find if you do enough research. Click this link [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?style=law&data=/gmd370m/g3701m/g3701em/gct00002/ca000039.sid&title=Montana+1itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28llss/4015/786/235%29%29 Government Map] to find where this Chippewa Reservation is located. Look for the numbers 399 and 574. The area with the number 398 is difficult to ascertain. Below is information which will help you learn more about this very sensitive subject. <br> | ||
== Chief Little Bear's Predicament == | == Chief Little Bear's Predicament == | ||
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In June and July of 1896, Montana Governor Rickards, sent a telegram to the sheriff of Cascade County, sheriff Dwyer, informing him to instruct major Sanno to round up the Little Shell Chippewas in the Great Falls region (in the June 17, 1896 issue of the Anaconda Standard they claimed it was the Cree but the Cree are the northern Chippewas who are known as Mus-ke-go-walk which means Swampy People) to prepare them for forced relocations. Montana had to many Chippewas and the United States didn't like it.<br> | In June and July of 1896, Montana Governor Rickards, sent a telegram to the sheriff of Cascade County, sheriff Dwyer, informing him to instruct major Sanno to round up the Little Shell Chippewas in the Great Falls region (in the June 17, 1896 issue of the Anaconda Standard they claimed it was the Cree but the Cree are the northern Chippewas who are known as Mus-ke-go-walk which means Swampy People) to prepare them for forced relocations. Montana had to many Chippewas and the United States didn't like it.<br> | ||
On June 18, 1896, the first Little Shell Chippewas were forced to board trains in the Great Falls region. First Lieutenant John J. Pershing was looking for chief Little Bear but Little Bear was supposedly not around. Instead, Pershing met with chief Buffalo Coat. Chief Buffalo Coat told sheriff Dwyer the leading adviser in the tribe was a full blood Chippewa who strongly opposed the deportations. He was probably chief Little Bear. Up to that time chief Little Bear did what the United States wanted. He knew he could be deported to Canada if he didn't do what the United States wanted. Since chief Little Bear was deported to Canada in 1896, it indicates he was the full blood Chippewa advisor he strongly protested the deportations. | On June 18, 1896, the first Little Shell Chippewas were forced to board trains in the Great Falls region. First Lieutenant John J. Pershing was looking for chief Little Bear but Little Bear was supposedly not around. Instead, Pershing met with chief Buffalo Coat. Chief Buffalo Coat told sheriff Dwyer the leading adviser in the tribe was a full blood Chippewa who strongly opposed the deportations. He was probably chief Little Bear. Up to that time chief Little Bear did what the United States wanted. He knew he could be deported to Canada if he didn't do what the United States wanted. Since chief Little Bear was deported to Canada in 1896, it indicates he was the full blood Chippewa advisor he strongly protested the deportations. Sheriff Dwyer described chief Buffalo Coat as intelligent who dealt with the predicament in a business like manner. He was bought. | ||
Other locations in Montana, the Little Shell Chippewas were gathered to be sent to after boarding trains to be deported out of the Little Shell Chippewas Blackfeet Reservation (aka Turtle Mountain Reservation), were the 4th Blackfeet Reservation (500), Crow Reservation (200 to 300), Havre (Fort Assiniboine Indian Reservation - 100 to 200), Malta (Fort Belknap Reservation 100 to 200), Missoula (Flathead Reservation - 200 to 300), and Glasgow (Fort Peck Reservation - 100 to 200). | Other locations in Montana, the Little Shell Chippewas were gathered to be sent to after boarding trains to be deported out of the Little Shell Chippewas Blackfeet Reservation (aka Turtle Mountain Reservation), were the 4th Blackfeet Reservation (500), Crow Reservation (200 to 300), Havre (Fort Assiniboine Indian Reservation - 100 to 200), Malta (Fort Belknap Reservation 100 to 200), Missoula (Flathead Reservation - 200 to 300), and Glasgow (Fort Peck Reservation - 100 to 200). | ||
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Some Little Shell Chippewas were relocated to Alberta (the Montana Reserve) and Saskatchewan (Onion Lake Reserve). However, the whites were cautious about relocating the Chippewas to Canada. Exactly how many originally lived in the Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin region, is not known. Many were refugees from the 1862 Minnesota Indian War.<br> | Some Little Shell Chippewas were relocated to Alberta (the Montana Reserve) and Saskatchewan (Onion Lake Reserve). However, the whites were cautious about relocating the Chippewas to Canada. Exactly how many originally lived in the Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin region, is not known. Many were refugees from the 1862 Minnesota Indian War.<br> | ||
It was reported that the Chippewas were only to be relocated to Canada. That is a lie. During those times and even now, the whites have used the excuse that the Montana Chippewas were from Canada. That is incorrect. Only a few Chippewas fled south back to their native Montana, in 1885. The immediate families of chiefs Little Bear, | It was reported that the Chippewas were only to be relocated to Canada. That is a lie. During those times and even now, the whites have used the excuse that the Montana Chippewas were from Canada. That is incorrect. Only a few Chippewas fled south back to their native Montana, in 1885. The immediate families of chiefs Little Bear, Little Poplar, and Lucky Man. Probably at the most 50 people but to be realistic not more than 30 Chippewas returned to Montana, in 1885. | ||
Chippewas followed prophecy. They knew if they fled to an area with a large white population, it meant destruction. If they fled anywhere it was north. So many Chippewas from the Great Lakes region, followed the Seven Fires Prophecy and migrated west into Montana. That is the issue the United States refused to deal with in an honorable manner. Exactly how many of the Montana Chippewas who were sent back to Minnesota and Wisconsin, is unknown. They even relocated the Chippewas who were born and raised in Montana, out of Montana.<br> | Chippewas followed prophecy. They knew if they fled to an area with a large white population, it meant destruction. If they fled anywhere it was north. So many Chippewas from the Great Lakes region, followed the Seven Fires Prophecy and migrated west into Montana. That is the issue the United States refused to deal with in an honorable manner. Exactly how many of the Montana Chippewas who were sent back to Minnesota and Wisconsin, is unknown. They even relocated the Chippewas who were born and raised in Montana, out of Montana.<br> | ||
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And another very large Chippewa Reservation was located in what is now Bob Marshall Wilderness Area and Scapegoat Wilderness Area. It may have included Swan Valley. In October of 1908, the Swan Valley Massacre happened. The Chippewa camp attacked was not the only Chippewa camp in Swan Valley at that time. The Chippewas of that location were deported to both Blackfeet Reservation and Flathead Reservation. | And another very large Chippewa Reservation was located in what is now Bob Marshall Wilderness Area and Scapegoat Wilderness Area. It may have included Swan Valley. In October of 1908, the Swan Valley Massacre happened. The Chippewa camp attacked was not the only Chippewa camp in Swan Valley at that time. The Chippewas of that location were deported to both Blackfeet Reservation and Flathead Reservation. | ||
And the other Chippewas in the Great Falls region were deported to the 4th Blackfeet Reservation and Fort Belknap Reservation. Fort Belknap Reservation was increased in size from just | And the other Chippewas in the Great Falls region were deported to the 4th Blackfeet Reservation and Fort Belknap Reservation. Fort Belknap Reservation was increased in size from just under 1,000 sq. mi. to over 3,500 sq. mi. to accomodate the 100s of Chippewas who relocated. In 1910, Rainbow Falls Dam was constructed.<br> | ||
There is evidence the Chippewa Reservation where Sun River Park is located was not entirely eradicated. On August 18, 1950, the United States again broke treaty and auctioned off what little land remained. Click this link [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol6/html_files/v6p0509b.html INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES] to read it. | There is evidence the Chippewa Reservation where Sun River Park is located was not entirely eradicated. On August 18, 1950, the United States again broke treaty and auctioned off what little land remained. Click this link [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol6/html_files/v6p0509b.html INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES] to read it. | ||
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This reserve is supposedly the second Blackfeet Reservation which covers the land areas with the numbers 565 and 574. If the reserve is actually the land area with the numbers 398, 399, and 574 it means the United States is covering up the fact. If the Blackfeet relinquished a portion of their original Reservation, it was probably the land area with the number 565. We know the land claim lawsuit was about land area 565. We also know the Chippewas were governing the land areas with the numbers 398, 399, and 574 in 1939. And we know the Chippewa Representatives from the land area with the number 565, operated their own organization. | This reserve is supposedly the second Blackfeet Reservation which covers the land areas with the numbers 565 and 574. If the reserve is actually the land area with the numbers 398, 399, and 574 it means the United States is covering up the fact. If the Blackfeet relinquished a portion of their original Reservation, it was probably the land area with the number 565. We know the land claim lawsuit was about land area 565. We also know the Chippewas were governing the land areas with the numbers 398, 399, and 574 in 1939. And we know the Chippewa Representatives from the land area with the number 565, operated their own organization. | ||
So to continue this dispute, we have to include the 4th Blackfeet Reservation, as well as the original Rocky Boy's Reservation (aka Fort Assiniboine Indian Reservation), and also Fort Belknap Reservation and the Valley County Chippewa Reservation set aside in 1909. They are connected to the Judith River Indian Reservation. | So to continue this dispute, we have to include the 4th Blackfeet Reservation, as well as the original Rocky Boy's Reservation (aka Fort Assiniboine Indian Reservation), and also Fort Belknap Reservation and the Valley County Chippewa Reservation set aside in 1909. They are connected to the Judith River Indian Reservation. | ||
We also have to include the Flathead Reservations which include the Columbia, Colville-Spokane, and Kalispell Reservations. We also have to include Coeur d'Alene Reservation, Kootenai Reservation, Lemhi Reservation, and many others. Why? The United States made a blunder by placing the Continental Divide in the wrong place on maps from the 19th century and even now. The Rocky Mountain Trench is the true Continental Divide.<br> | We also have to include the Flathead Reservations which include the Columbia, Colville-Spokane, and Kalispell Reservations. We also have to include Coeur d'Alene Reservation, Kootenai Reservation, Lemhi Reservation, and many others. Why? The United States made a blunder by placing the Continental Divide in the wrong place on maps from the 19th century and even now. The Rocky Mountain Trench is the true Continental Divide.<br> | ||
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A.D. 1805 | A.D. 1805 | ||
Lewis and Clark reached the [[Great Falls, Montana]] | Lewis and Clark reached the [[Great Falls, Montana]] region on June 13. They discovered the village situated near where the current Hill 57 Chippewa settlement is. | ||
A.D. 1816 | A.D. 1816 | ||
Chief Ignace (Aeneas) Paul arrived to the Bitterroot Valley of western Montana. He was possibly the first Paul to live in Montana. If he was, the Montana Paul clan laid down their first roots in western Montana. | Chief Ignace (Aeneas) Paul arrived to the Bitterroot Valley of western Montana. He was possibly the first Paul to live in Montana. If he was, the Montana Paul clan laid down their first roots in western Montana. [[Antoine Plante]] had reached Montana a few years before. | ||
A.D. 1850 | A.D. 1850 | ||
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A.D. 1910 | A.D. 1910 | ||
Chief Pennato leads 100s of Chippewa's off their new Reservation in the Blackfeet Reservation in late 1910. Many fled towards southwest Montana then into Idaho. By early 1911, they are in northern Nevada. A small group of perhaps 12, butchered four white ranchers and one Chinese man. On February 26, 1911 a white posse caught them in northwestern Nevada and killed eight of them. It is known as the | Chief Pennato leads 100s of Chippewa's off their new Reservation in the Blackfeet Reservation in late 1910. Many fled towards southwest Montana then into Idaho. By early 1911, they are in northern Nevada. A small group of perhaps 12, butchered four white ranchers and one Chinese man. On February 26, 1911 a white posse caught them in northwestern Nevada and killed eight of them. It is known as the [[Shoshone Mike Massacre]]. What caused the exodus was land allotments.<br> | ||
A.D. 1916 | A.D. 1916 | ||