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To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | ||
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*[http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians] at Harbor Springs, Michigan<br> | *[http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians] at Harbor Springs, Michigan<br> | ||
*[http://www.ottawatribe.org/ Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma ]at Miami, Oklahoma | *[http://www.ottawatribe.org/ Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma ]at Miami, Oklahoma | ||
Population: 1984: 2,000 Total enrollment. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 234 </ref> | |||
=== History === | === History === | ||
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Many of the Ottawa migrated south and west and settled in what became Michigan in the 1700s and by the early 1800s the Three Fires Confederacy (which include the Ottawa, [[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa]], and [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi]]) occupied much of that area. In 1836, the Ottawa ceded nearly two-thirds of their land to the United States and in 1837, Michigan was created from that cession. | Many of the Ottawa migrated south and west and settled in what became Michigan in the 1700s and by the early 1800s the Three Fires Confederacy (which include the Ottawa, [[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa]], and [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi]]) occupied much of that area. In 1836, the Ottawa ceded nearly two-thirds of their land to the United States and in 1837, Michigan was created from that cession. | ||
In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Grand Traverse Band web site [http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Available online]</ref>.Other groups of Ottawa were re-recognized in 1994.<br> | In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Grand Traverse Band web site [http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Available online]</ref>. Other groups of Ottawa were re-recognized in 1994.<br> | ||
Another group of Ottawa Indians lived in northwestern Ohio and participated in the War of 1812 under the leadership of Pontiac, who was a well-known chief of the tribe. They were a party to the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795 in Indiana<ref>The Treaty of Greenville, as it appears in The Laws of the United States, printed by Richard Folwell, Philadelphia, 1796 [http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/greenville/ Available online].</ref>. Some members of this part of the Ottawa Nation were removed to Kansas and later to Oklahoma<ref>"Ottawa Indians", Ohio History Central, July 1, 2005, http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=614</ref>. | Another group of Ottawa Indians lived in northwestern Ohio and participated in the War of 1812 under the leadership of Pontiac, who was a well-known chief of the tribe. They were a party to the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795 in Indiana<ref>The Treaty of Greenville, as it appears in The Laws of the United States, printed by Richard Folwell, Philadelphia, 1796 [http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/greenville/ Available online].</ref>. Some members of this part of the Ottawa Nation were removed to Kansas and later to Oklahoma<ref>"Ottawa Indians", Ohio History Central, July 1, 2005, http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=614</ref>. | ||
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Theodore Karamanski. ''Blackbird's Song'' East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University Press, 2012. see: [http://www.amazon.com/Blackbirds-Song-Andrew-Blackbird-People/dp/1611860504%7C Blackbird's song on amazon.com] | Theodore Karamanski. ''Blackbird's Song'' East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University Press, 2012. see: [http://www.amazon.com/Blackbirds-Song-Andrew-Blackbird-People/dp/1611860504%7C Blackbird's song on amazon.com] | ||
Thomas Guthrie Marquis. The War Chief of the Ottawas: A Chronicle of the Pontiac War. Toronto, Glasgow, Brook, 1920 {{FHL|166225|item|disp=FHL Book 979.1H2cc vol l5}} (Chronicles of Canada: Vol 15) | Thomas Guthrie Marquis. The War Chief of the Ottawas: A Chronicle of the Pontiac War. Toronto, Glasgow, Brook, 1920 {{FHL|166225|item|disp=FHL Book 979.1H2cc vol l5}} (Chronicles of Canada: Vol 15) | ||
=== Brief Timeline === | === Brief Timeline === | ||
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*'''1980:''' Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians re-recognized by the federal government | *'''1980:''' Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians re-recognized by the federal government | ||
*'''1994:''' Little River Band of Ottawa Indians and Little Tranverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians are both re-recognized by the federal government<br> | *'''1994:''' Little River Band of Ottawa Indians and Little Tranverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians are both re-recognized by the federal government<br> | ||
=== Reservations === | === Reservations === | ||
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The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others. | The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others. | ||
<br>The following agencies had | <br>The following agencies had jurisdiction over the Ottawa Indians | ||
While the tribe was located in the East: | While the tribe was located in the East: | ||
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'''Correspondence and Census''' | '''Correspondence and Census''' | ||
{| | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | Tribe | ! scope="col" | Tribe | ||
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1836 census - 6th article of 1836 Treaty of of men, women and children {{FHL|49378|item|disp=FHL Film: 982330}} Item 4 or {{FHL|Book: Q 970.1 Al #4}} | 1836 census - 6th article of 1836 Treaty of of men, women and children {{FHL|49378|item|disp=FHL Film: 982330}} Item 4 or {{FHL|Book: Q 970.1 Al #4}} | ||
< | '''Land and Property''' | ||
Tribally owned land: 40.28 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 234 </ref> | |||
'''Treaties''' | |||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh,with the Wyandot, Etc., | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh,with the Wyandot, Etc., | ||