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Iowa Indigenous Peoples: Difference between revisions
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''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Iowa]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Indians_of_Iowa]]'' | ''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Iowa]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Indians_of_Iowa]]'' | ||
== Information == | === Information === | ||
The name Iowa is derived from an Indian word meaning: "this is the place" or "the beautiful land". [[Image:Iowa Indians in color.jpg|thumb|right|400px | The name Iowa is derived from an Indian word meaning: "this is the place" or "the beautiful land". [[Image:Iowa Indians in color.jpg|thumb|right|400px]] To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites see the [[American Indian Genealogy]] article.<br><br>Various field offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs --[[Superintendencies of Indian Affairs|superintendencies]], agencies, [[American Indian School Records|Indian schools]], and others --created records of births, marriages, deaths, adoptions, censuses, schools, land allotments, probates, and other miscellaneous records. Many of these records are available only at the originating office, if that office is still operating. Some of the original records have been transferred to the [http://www.archives.gov/ National Archives] or to its regional archives. The [[Family History Library|Family History Library]] in Salt Lake City has microfilm copies of some of these records. | ||
== Tribes and Bands of Iowa == | === Tribes and Bands of Iowa === | ||
Many of these tribes or bands lived in or had only minimal association with the area now known as [http://www.aaanativearts.com/tribes-by-states/iowa_tribes.htm Iowa]. Some of them are only mentioned in treaties as parties to the cession of land in Iowa to the federal government. | Many of these tribes or bands lived in or had only minimal association with the area now known as [http://www.aaanativearts.com/tribes-by-states/iowa_tribes.htm Iowa]. Some of them are only mentioned in treaties as parties to the cession of land in Iowa to the federal government. | ||
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== Reservations == | === Reservations === | ||
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government. | From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government. | ||
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The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ia.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government. | The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ia.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government. | ||
*Keokuk Reservation (or Keokuk Reserve) -- a small reserve for the Sac and Fox Indians, 1832-1836, following the [http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2d.html Black Hawk War], after which they were removed to later reservations. | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keokuk%27s_Reserve Keokuk Reservation] (or Keokuk Reserve) -- a small reserve for the Sac and Fox Indians, 1832-1836, following the [http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2d.html Black Hawk War], after which they were removed to later reservations. | ||
*'''[[Sac and Fox Reservation, Iowa|Sac and Fox Reservation]]'''-- established in 1867 -- Federal reservation located in [[Tama County, Iowa|Tama County]], Iowa, under the jurisdiction of the [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Agency]]. Tribe: Sac and Fox (also known as Mesquakie). | *'''[[Sac and Fox Reservation, Iowa|Sac and Fox Reservation]]'''-- established in 1867 -- Federal reservation located in [[Tama County, Iowa|Tama County]], Iowa, under the jurisdiction of the [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Agency]]. Tribe: Sac and Fox (also known as Mesquakie). | ||
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*'''[[Winnebago Indian Reservation (Nebraska)|Winnebago Reservation ]]-- '''mostly located in Thurston County, Nebraska but there is a small segment in [[Woodbury County, Iowa|Woodbury County,]] Iowa, just east of the Missouri River. See [[Indians of Nebraska|Indians of Nebraska]] for additional information. | *'''[[Winnebago Indian Reservation (Nebraska)|Winnebago Reservation ]]-- '''mostly located in Thurston County, Nebraska but there is a small segment in [[Woodbury County, Iowa|Woodbury County,]] Iowa, just east of the Missouri River. See [[Indians of Nebraska|Indians of Nebraska]] for additional information. | ||
== Agencies == | === Agencies === | ||
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices. | [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices. | ||
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*[[Winnebago Indian Agency (Iowa)|Winnebago Agency]] | *[[Winnebago Indian Agency (Iowa)|Winnebago Agency]] | ||
== Half-Breed Tract == | === Half-Breed Tract === | ||
In the early 1800s, a tract of land was set aside by the federal government in Lee County, Iowa for the descendants of French fur trappers and other Europeans who had inter-married with Native Americans. These individuals were called "half-breeds." Thus the tract of land came to be known as the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_Breed_Tract Half-Breed Tract]." Similar tracts were established in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemaha_Half-Breed_Reservation Nebraska], [[Indians of Minnesota|Minnesota]], and [[Indians of Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]. | In the early 1800s, a tract of land was set aside by the federal government in Lee County, Iowa for the descendants of French fur trappers and other Europeans who had inter-married with Native Americans. These individuals were called "half-breeds." Thus the tract of land came to be known as the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_Breed_Tract Half-Breed Tract]." Similar tracts were established in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemaha_Half-Breed_Reservation Nebraska], [[Indians of Minnesota|Minnesota]], and [[Indians of Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]. | ||
== Indian Health Facilities == | === Indian Health Facilities === | ||
*[[Sac and Fox Sanatorium (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Sanatorium]] | *[[Sac and Fox Sanatorium (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Sanatorium]] | ||
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{{FHL|Iowa Superintendency 1838-1849|keywords|disp=Iowa Superintendency 1838-1849}} | {{FHL|Iowa Superintendency 1838-1849|keywords|disp=Iowa Superintendency 1838-1849}} | ||
== Online | === Online Links === | ||
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=rswSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA245&dq=iowa+history+indians&lr=&ei=__zGSImzOYPsswOs-pzXDA#PPA245,M1 ''French Expedition Against The Sac And Fox Indians In The Iowa Country''] by State Historical Society of Iowa - 1914 page 245; addresses the relationship between the French and the Sac and Fox Tribes for the years 1734 -1735. | *[http://books.google.com/books?id=rswSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA245&dq=iowa+history+indians&lr=&ei=__zGSImzOYPsswOs-pzXDA#PPA245,M1 ''French Expedition Against The Sac And Fox Indians In The Iowa Country''] by State Historical Society of Iowa - 1914 page 245; addresses the relationship between the French and the Sac and Fox Tribes for the years 1734 -1735. | ||
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*[[Iowa Military Records|Iowa - Military - Forts]] | *[[Iowa Military Records|Iowa - Military - Forts]] | ||
== Sources and Footnotes == | === Sources and Footnotes === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||