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*'''Railroad maps''' indicate preferred routes of travel during an era where the routes changed from one year to the next. These also aid in tracking the possible whereabouts of railroad employees since many railroads merged or changed names. 
*'''Railroad maps''' indicate preferred routes of travel during an era where the routes changed from one year to the next. These also aid in tracking the possible whereabouts of railroad employees since many railroads merged or changed names. 


== Types and location of various map types ==
== Types and location of various map types ==


=== Atlases  ===
=== Atlases  ===


An atlas is a bound collection of maps. It often contains historical and geographical information for a county or state. Many county atlases show the names of landowners and are usually based on county plat maps (see [[United States Land and Property|Land and Property]]).
An atlas is a bound collection of maps. Historical atlases contain historical and geographical information for a county or state including the development of boundaries, migration routes, settlement patterns, military campaigns, and American Indian reservations. Many county atlases show the names of landowners and are usually based on county plat maps (see [[United States Land and Property|Land and Property]]). 


*The [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/united_states.html University of Texas], Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection has online state maps as well as:
*The [http://www.davidrumsey.com/directory/where/united%20states David Rumsey Map Collection] (free) contains an extensive online collection of historical atlases, maps, and other antique cartographic material.
*The [http://maps.bpl.org/ Norman B Leventhal Map Center] at the Boston Public Library has 200,000 historic maps and 5,000 atlases. The geographical focus of these maps, atlases, and globes is the World, Europe, and America, with particular attention to New England, Massachusetts, and Boston from the 15th century to the present day.
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/armhtml/armhome.html The Library of Congress American Memory].  Most of the items in this site are documented in ''Maps and Charts of North America and the West Indies, 1750-1789: A Guide to the Collections in the Library of Congress ''compiled by John R. Sellers and Patricia Molen van Ee in 1981.
*The [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/united_states.html University of Texas], Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection has online state maps and atlases.
*[http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whoweare/exhibits/voorhees/ The Alan M. Voorhees Collection] at the Library of Virginia has maps, charts and atlases. The images online are thumbnails rather than usable copies, but larger prints can be ordered for a fee.
*[http://www.historicmapworks.com HistoricMapWorks.com] ($) offers over 800,000 online historic maps from the 18th and early 19th centuries at $0.99 per download. Searchable by place name, family name, or street address.
*Some important atlases <span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1248099227250_249" />in book form are ''Atlas of American History''<ref>''Atlas of American History'', Second Edition, revised. New York, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1984. (FHL Ref 973 E7at; 1943 edition on film 1415259 item 9.), </ref>, ''The American Heritage Pictorial Atlas of United States History''<ref>''The American Heritage Pictorial Atlas of United States History''. New York, New York: American Heritage Publishing, 1966. (FHL book 973 E7ah.) </ref>, and ''The Shaping of America''<ref>Meinig, D. W. ''The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History''. Two Volumes. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1986. (FHL book 973 E3me; fiche 6125626-27.)</ref>


:*Maps of the United States (Country Maps)
*Brick-and-mortar sources for atlases include&nbsp;historical and genealogical societies, public libraries,&nbsp;and university libraries.
:*Historical Maps of the United States
:*Historical Maps of U.S. Cities
:*National Atlas of the United States of America (1970)
:*National Parks, Monuments and Historic Sites Maps
:*State Map Collections State, city, historical and national park maps by state
:*State Maps with County Boundaries U.S. Bureau of the Census (1990)
:*Topographic Maps 1:250,000
:*U.S. Territories Maps
 
*[http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whoweare/exhibits/voorhees/ The Alan M. Voorhees Collection] at the Library of Virginia has maps, charts and atlases. The images online are thumbnails rather than usable copies, but larger prints can be ordered for a fee.
*Historical and genealogical societies, public libraries,&nbsp;and university libraries have atlases.


=== City Ward Maps  ===
=== City Ward Maps  ===
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=== Fire Insurance Maps  ===
=== Fire Insurance Maps  ===


*[http://sanborn.umi.com/ Sanborn maps] ($) 1867-1970 have been digitized. This collection has more than 660,000 maps of 12,000+ cities and towns, and includes a [http://sanborn.umi.com/HelpFiles/key.html map key].&nbsp;
*[http://sanborn.umi.com/ Sanborn maps] ($) 1867-1970 have been digitized. This collection has more than 660,000 maps of 12,000+ cities and towns, and includes a [http://sanborn.umi.com/HelpFiles/key.html map key].&nbsp;  
*Some Sanborn maps are also available in the Websites listed in the Historical Maps and Atlases section in this page, as well as on sites listed at [http://www.maphistory.info/imageus.html Images of Early Maps on the Web] (free) by Maphistory.info.
*Some Sanborn maps are also available in the Websites listed in the Historical Maps and Atlases section in this page, as well as on sites listed at [http://www.maphistory.info/imageus.html Images of Early Maps on the Web] (free) by Maphistory.info.


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*[http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)]&nbsp;yields latitude and longitude,&nbsp;current county, and elevation for towns and many geographic features.&nbsp;
*[http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)]&nbsp;yields latitude and longitude,&nbsp;current county, and elevation for towns and many geographic features.&nbsp;
=== Historical Maps and Atlases  ===
These atlases show the growth and development of the nation or a state, including boundaries, migration routes, settlement patterns, military campaigns, American Indian reservations, and other historical information. 
*The [http://www.davidrumsey.com/directory/where/united%20states David Rumsey Map Collection] (free) contains an extensive online collection of historical atlases, maps, and other antique cartographic material.
*The [http://maps.bpl.org/ Norman B Leventhal Map Center] at the Boston Public Library has 200,000 historic maps and 5,000 atlases. The geographical focus of these maps, atlases, and globes is the World, Europe, and America, with particular attention to New England, Massachusetts, and Boston from the 15th century to the present day.
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/armhtml/armhome.html The Library of Congress American Memory].&nbsp; Most of the items in this site&nbsp;are documented in ''Maps and Charts of North America and the West Indies, 1750-1789: A Guide to the Collections in the Library of Congress ''compiled by John R. Sellers and Patricia Molen van Ee in 1981.
*[http://www.historicmapworks.com HistoricMapWorks.com] ($) offers over 800,000 online historic maps from the 18th and early 19th centuries at $0.99 per download. Searchable by place name, family name, or street address.
*''Atlas of American History''<ref>''Atlas of American History'', Second Edition, revised. New York, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1984. (FHL Ref 973 E7at; 1943 edition on film 1415259 item 9.), </ref>
*''The American Heritage Pictorial Atlas of United States History''<ref>''The American Heritage Pictorial Atlas of United States History''. New York, New York: American Heritage Publishing, 1966. (FHL book 973 E7ah.) </ref>
*''The Shaping of America''<ref>Meinig, D. W. ''The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History''. Two Volumes. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1986. (FHL book 973 E3me; fiche 6125626-27.)</ref>


=== Land Ownership Maps  ===
=== Land Ownership Maps  ===
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=== State Maps  ===
=== State Maps  ===


*[http://www.usgenweb.org/ The US GenWeb] is a great resource for maps, including [http://usgwarchives.org/maps/table2.html State and County Maps],&nbsp;the [http://usgwarchives.org/maps/usa/ United States Digital Map Library] and 67 maps from [http://usgwarchives.org/maps/cessions/ Indian Land Cessions in the United States].
*[http://www.usgenweb.org/ The US GenWeb] is a great resource for maps, including [http://usgwarchives.org/maps/table2.html State and County Maps],&nbsp;the [http://usgwarchives.org/maps/usa/ United States Digital Map Library] and 67 maps from [http://usgwarchives.org/maps/cessions/ Indian Land Cessions in the United States].  
*[http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/unitedstates.html United States Maps] has maps for each of the individual states, territories and outlying areas.
*[http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/unitedstates.html United States Maps] has maps for each of the individual states, territories and outlying areas.  
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/formats/cartographic.html#arc The National Archives—Cartographic Branch]<ref> '''The National Archives''' &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;841 South Pickett Street | Alexandria, VA 22304</ref> and the [http://www.loc.gov/rr/geogmap/ Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress] have significant collections of a variety of maps, including land ownership, railroad, and fire insurance maps. Several catalogs and inventories of these collections are listed in the&nbsp;Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under UNITED STATES - MAPS - BIBLIOGRAPHY.
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/formats/cartographic.html#arc The National Archives—Cartographic Branch]<ref> '''The National Archives''' &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;841 South Pickett Street | Alexandria, VA 22304</ref> and the [http://www.loc.gov/rr/geogmap/ Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress] have significant collections of a variety of maps, including land ownership, railroad, and fire insurance maps. Several catalogs and inventories of these collections are listed in the&nbsp;Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under UNITED STATES - MAPS - BIBLIOGRAPHY.


=== Topography  ===
=== Topography  ===
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[http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/usgsmaps/usgsmaps.html Topographical maps] show physical and man-made features, such as creeks, hills, roads, cemeteries, and churches.  
[http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/usgsmaps/usgsmaps.html Topographical maps] show physical and man-made features, such as creeks, hills, roads, cemeteries, and churches.  


*The United States has been divided into sections called quadrangles by the [http://www.usgs.gov/ United States Geological Survey] <ref>'''U.S. Department of Interior''' &amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;gt;Geological Survey &amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;gt;1200 South Eads Street | Arlington, VA 22202</ref>. The USGS has produced highly detailed topographical maps showing physical and manmade features in each quadrangle. These maps are available at most university libraries<ref>United States. Geological Survey. ''Topographic Maps of the United States.'' Scale varies. Suitland, Maryland: National Archives and Records Service, 1976-. (FHL films 1433631-921.) </ref>  
*The United States has been divided into sections called quadrangles by the [http://www.usgs.gov/ United States Geological Survey] <ref>'''U.S. Department of Interior''' &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Geological Survey &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;1200 South Eads Street | Arlington, VA 22202</ref>. The USGS has produced highly detailed topographical maps showing physical and manmade features in each quadrangle. These maps are available at most university libraries<ref>United States. Geological Survey. ''Topographic Maps of the United States.'' Scale varies. Suitland, Maryland: National Archives and Records Service, 1976-. (FHL films 1433631-921.) </ref>
*[http://www.mass.gov/mgis/im_quad.htm Topographic Quadrangles] of the United States maps were originally published from 1884 to 1983. The maps are arranged by the name of the quadrangle within each state. States are not in alphabetical order. <ref>Moffat, Riley Moore. ''Map Index to Topographic Quadrangles of the United States, 1882-1940''. Occasional paper: Western Association of Map Libraries, number 10. Santa Cruz, California: Western Association of Map Libraries, 1986. (FHL Ref book 973 E72m.)</ref> Use a state map to find the quadrangle number. Then find the number in the state's map list to learn the name of the quadrangle.  
*[http://www.mass.gov/mgis/im_quad.htm Topographic Quadrangles] of the United States maps were originally published from 1884 to 1983. The maps are arranged by the name of the quadrangle within each state. States are not in alphabetical order. <ref>Moffat, Riley Moore. ''Map Index to Topographic Quadrangles of the United States, 1882-1940''. Occasional paper: Western Association of Map Libraries, number 10. Santa Cruz, California: Western Association of Map Libraries, 1986. (FHL Ref book 973 E72m.)</ref> Use a state map to find the quadrangle number. Then find the number in the state's map list to learn the name of the quadrangle.  
*You can purchase copies of topographical maps from the [http://www.doi.gov/ U.S. Department of the Interior] <ref>'''U.S. Department of the Interior'''&amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;gt;Geological Survey&amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;gt;507 National Center | Reston, VA 20192&amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;gt;Telephone: 800-USA-MAPS (toll free)&amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;gt;Telephone: 703-648-6045 (local) </ref>
*You can purchase copies of topographical maps from the [http://www.doi.gov/ U.S. Department of the Interior] <ref>'''U.S. Department of the Interior'''&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Geological Survey&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;507 National Center | Reston, VA 20192&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Telephone: 800-USA-MAPS (toll free)&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Telephone: 703-648-6045 (local) </ref>


== Research helps  ==
== Research helps  ==
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