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:*the newer '''Rectangular surveys''' (also known as ''Congressional township rectangular surveys'') primarily used in [[Grants from the Federal Government (Public Domain)|federal land states]]
:*the newer '''Rectangular surveys''' (also known as ''Congressional township rectangular surveys'') primarily used in [[Grants from the Federal Government (Public Domain)|federal land states]]


The Land Ordinance of 1785 established the Public Land Survey System. Land was systematically surveyed into square townships, six miles (9.656 km) on a side. Each of these townships were sub-divided into thirty-six sections of one square mile (2.59 km²) or 640 acres. These sections could then be further subdivided for re-sale by settlers and land speculators.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785 Land Ordinance of 1785] in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 25 November 2014).</ref>  
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established the Public Land Survey System. Land was systematically surveyed into square "Congressional" townships, six miles (9.656 km) on a side. Each of these townships were sub-divided into thirty-six sections of one square mile (2.59 km²) or 640 acres. These sections could then be further subdivided for re-sale by settlers and land speculators.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785 Land Ordinance of 1785] in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 25 November 2014).</ref>  


==== Principle Meridians  ====
==== Principal Meridians  ====
 
The system is based on precisely identified '''''principal


A geographical term which refers to a reference line used in surveying and dividing land in certain parts of the U.S. The meridian numbers progress from low to high as they were surveyed from east to west. The meridian lines on either side of the principal meridian are twenty-four miles apart. [The New A to Zax, US/Can 973 D26e]  
A geographical term which refers to a reference line used in surveying and dividing land in certain parts of the U.S. The meridian numbers progress from low to high as they were surveyed from east to west. The meridian lines on either side of the principal meridian are twenty-four miles apart. [The New A to Zax, US/Can 973 D26e]  


Use the following website to locate principle meridians in the United States. Click on an area of the map to enlarge it:  
Use the following website to locate principal meridians in the United States. Click on an area of the map to enlarge it:  


*[http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/meridians/meridians.htm www.blm.gov/cadastral/meridians/meridians.htm]
*[http://www.blm.gov/cadastral/meridians/meridians.htm www.blm.gov/cadastral/meridians/meridians.htm]
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Each township has a range line and a township line.&nbsp; Together they&nbsp;create an address for that township within the boundaries of the Principle Meridian and&nbsp; Baseline.&nbsp; Begin counting where the principle meridian and baseline intersect.&nbsp; If the township address is T2N R3E, it&nbsp;means that the township is two sections north of the baseline, and three sections east of the principle&nbsp;meridian.&nbsp; Similarlly, a township address of&nbsp;T3S R1W would be three sections south of the baseline, and one section west of the principle meridian.  
Each township has a range line and a township line.&nbsp; Together they&nbsp;create an address for that township within the boundaries of the Principle Meridian and&nbsp; Baseline.&nbsp; Begin counting where the principal meridian and baseline intersect.&nbsp; If the township address is T2N R3E, it&nbsp;means that the township is two sections north of the baseline, and three sections east of the principal&nbsp;meridian.&nbsp; Similarlly, a township address of&nbsp;T3S R1W would be three sections south of the baseline, and one section west of the principal meridian.  


*To find the Principle Meridian for the state you are researching check the following website:
*To find the Principle Meridian for the state you are researching check the following website:
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