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=== Introduction === | === Introduction === | ||
[[Image:Coat of Arms of the Duke of Beaufort svg.png|thumb|right|169x200px]]Heraldry is the design, use, regulation, and recording of coats of arms and related emblems. Originally, coats of arms were "assumed", or designed and adopted by the persons using them. Eventually, the Crown reserved to itself the right to grant coats of arms to individuals, ''not families''. | [[Image:Coat of Arms of the Duke of Beaufort svg.png|thumb|right|169x200px|Coat of Arms of the Duke of Beaufort svg.png]]Heraldry is the design, use, regulation, and recording of coats of arms and related emblems. Originally, coats of arms were "assumed", or designed and adopted by the persons using them. Eventually, the Crown reserved to itself the right to grant coats of arms to individuals, ''not families''. | ||
A person entitled to bear arms is an armiger. An armiger’s legitimate male descendants can inherit the right to use his coat of arms. The eldest son inherited his father's arms directly and younger sons inherited them with marks added to difference them. Most English did not have a coat of arms. | |||
The Crown awards the right to use coat of arms to a person who performs a heroic deed, makes a notable achievement, or holds a prominent position. Such grants are recorded by representatives of the Crown called King’s heralds, who house their records at: | The Crown awards the right to use coat of arms to a person who performs a heroic deed, makes a notable achievement, or holds a prominent position. Such grants are recorded by representatives of the Crown called King’s heralds, who house their records at: | ||
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'''College of Arms<br>'''Queen Victoria Street<br>London EC4V 4BT<br>England <br>Internet: http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/ | '''College of Arms<br>'''Queen Victoria Street<br>London EC4V 4BT<br>England <br>Internet: http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/ | ||
< | The college is a corporation of 13 members: | ||
*''Three Kings of Arms'' – Garter Principal, Clarenceux and Norroy and Ulster | |||
*''Six Heralds'' – Lancaster, Chester, York, Richmond, Windsor and Somerset | |||
*Four ''Pursuivants'' – Rouge Croix, Bluemantle, Portcullis and Rouge Dragon | |||
The College has a vast collection of historical books and documents as well as their own records of descent and grants of arms (Wagner 1952, Dickinson). The collection includes English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish works as well as much from North America, having been the recipient of the literary estates of many eminent genealogists. The library is a private one not open to the public but the officers of arms will search the records for a (large) fee. However, many of their books are available elsewhere and are on film through the Family History Library, and the College is actively publishing their own records through the ''Harleian Society''.<ref>Christensen, Penelope. "England Records of Noble and Armigerous Families (National Institute)," ''The National Institute for Genealogical Studies'' (2012), https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/England_Records_of_Noble_and_Armigerous_Families_%28National_Institute%29.</ref> | |||
=== Achievements of Arms === | === Achievements of Arms === | ||