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[[Image:Okterritory.png|thumb|Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory about 1890s]] | [[Image:Okterritory.png|thumb|Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory about 1890s]] | ||
The following list of American Indians who have lived in | The following list of American Indians who have lived in Oklahoma has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/oklahoma/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe. | ||
Alabama, Apache, Apalachee, Anadarko, Arapaho, Biloxi, Caddo, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chickasaw, Chippewa, Camanche, Creek, Delaware, Fox, Hitchiti, Illinois, Iowa, Iroquois, Jicarilla, Kansa, Kaskaskia, Kaw, Kichai, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Koasati, Lipan, Miami, Kikasuki, Missouri, Modoc, Muklasa, Munsee, Muskhogean, Muskogee, Natchez, Nez Perce, Okmulgee, Osage, Oto, Oto-Missouri, Ottawa. Pawnee, Peoria, Piankashaw, Ponca, Potwatomi, Quajpaw, Sauk (Sac and Fox), Seminole, Seneca, Shawnee, Tawakoni, Tawehash, Tonkawa, Tuskegee, Waco, Wea, Wichita, Wyandot, Yscani, Yuchi | Alabama, Apache, Apalachee, Anadarko, Arapaho, Biloxi, Caddo, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chickasaw, Chippewa, Camanche, Creek, Delaware, Fox, Hitchiti, Illinois, Iowa, Iroquois, Jicarilla, Kansa, Kaskaskia, Kaw, Kichai, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Koasati, Lipan, Miami, Kikasuki, Missouri, Modoc, Muklasa, Munsee, Muskhogean, Muskogee, Natchez, Nez Perce, Okmulgee, Osage, Oto, Oto-Missouri, Ottawa. Pawnee, Peoria, Piankashaw, Ponca, Potwatomi, Quajpaw, Sauk (Sac and Fox), Seminole, Seneca, Shawnee, Tawakoni, Tawehash, Tonkawa, Tuskegee, Waco, Wea, Wichita, Wyandot, Yscani, Yuchi | ||
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== Reservations == | == Reservations == | ||
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government. | |||
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies. | |||
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether. | |||
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ok.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br> | |||
*Absentee-Shawnee Tribe: Federal, under the jurisdiction of the Shawnee Agency, Tribe: Shawnee | *Absentee-Shawnee Tribe: Federal, under the jurisdiction of the Shawnee Agency, Tribe: Shawnee | ||