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Chippewa Tribe: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Chippewa, Arrow-Maker.jpg|thumb|right|180x202px]] | [[Image:Chippewa, Arrow-Maker.jpg|thumb|right|180x202px|Chippewa, Arrow-Maker.jpg]] | ||
[[Image:Chippewa, Woman and Infant, (1900).jpg|thumb|right|183x204px]] | [[Image:Chippewa, Woman and Infant, (1900).jpg|thumb|right|183x204px|Chippewa, Woman and Infant, (1900).jpg]] | ||
To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | ||
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'''See also:''' [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]] | '''See also:''' [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]] | ||
=== [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Rocky Boy (Stone Child) dressed in an ornate attire, NO. 120.jpg|thumb|right|240x260px]]Tribal Headquarters === | === [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Rocky Boy (Stone Child) dressed in an ornate attire, NO. 120.jpg|thumb|right|240x260px|Chippewa, Chief Rocky Boy (Stone Child) dressed in an ornate attire, NO. 120.jpg]]Tribal Headquarters === | ||
[http://www.glitc.org/ Great Lakes Inter-tribal Council Tribal]'''<br>'''St. Croix Chippewa Community<br>24663 Angeline Avenue - Webster WI 54893<br>Phone: 715-349-2195 - Fax: 715-349-5768<br> | [http://www.glitc.org/ Great Lakes Inter-tribal Council Tribal]'''<br>'''St. Croix Chippewa Community<br>24663 Angeline Avenue - Webster WI 54893<br>Phone: 715-349-2195 - Fax: 715-349-5768<br> | ||
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*'''1783-1795: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies for control of the Midwest. The war ended after the Chippewa's lost the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. | *'''1783-1795: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies for control of the Midwest. The war ended after the Chippewa's lost the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. | ||
*'''1795: '''On August 3, 1795, they signed the Greeneville Treaty which ended the long war against the United States. The Chippewa's ceded most of Ohio and a small part of Indiana. The Greeneville Treaty is suspicious because no Reservations were created. | *'''1795: '''On August 3, 1795, they signed the Greeneville Treaty which ended the long war against the United States. The Chippewa's ceded most of Ohio and a small part of Indiana. The Greeneville Treaty is suspicious because no Reservations were created. | ||
*'''1807: '''Supposedly the November 17, 1807 Treaty was signed, in which much of southeastern Michigan and northern | *'''1807: '''Supposedly the November 17, 1807 Treaty was signed, in which much of southeastern Michigan and northern Ohio was ceded. This treaty may have happened after the War of 1812. Many Reservations were created but not honored by the United States. | ||
*'''1811-1815: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies, to defend their land and race. After losing the conflict, the Chippewa's ceded more land. | *'''1811-1815: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies, to defend their land and race. After losing the conflict, the Chippewa's ceded more land. | ||
*'''1819: '''On September 24, 1819, a treaty was signed which ceded much Chippewa land in Michigan. Through treaty agreements, 16 Chippewa Reservations were created in Michigan. | *'''1819: '''On September 24, 1819, a treaty was signed which ceded much Chippewa land in Michigan. Through treaty agreements, 16 Chippewa Reservations were created in Michigan. | ||
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*'''1868: '''On June 1, 1868, a treaty was signed with Chippewa leaders of Kansas. Chief Eshtonoquot had recently died. After his death, new Chippewa leaders were more willing to relocate. They agreed to relocate to a new Reservation (the Navajo Reservation) in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Another treaty was supposedly signed also on June 1, 1868, at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory which set aside the Navajo Reservation. However, the United States did not ratify (they don't recognize the Navajo Reservation) the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory. That's why the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed by Chippewa leaders in Kansas, is an important backup. | *'''1868: '''On June 1, 1868, a treaty was signed with Chippewa leaders of Kansas. Chief Eshtonoquot had recently died. After his death, new Chippewa leaders were more willing to relocate. They agreed to relocate to a new Reservation (the Navajo Reservation) in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Another treaty was supposedly signed also on June 1, 1868, at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory which set aside the Navajo Reservation. However, the United States did not ratify (they don't recognize the Navajo Reservation) the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory. That's why the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed by Chippewa leaders in Kansas, is an important backup. | ||
*'''1871: '''On August 3, 1871, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of Manitoba ceded land in southern Manitoba and were created a large Reserve in Manitoba. Later, land was ceded. This treaty is known as Treaty 1. | *'''1871: '''On August 3, 1871, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of Manitoba ceded land in southern Manitoba and were created a large Reserve in Manitoba. Later, land was ceded. This treaty is known as Treaty 1. | ||
*'''1871: '''On August 21, 1871, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of southwestern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan, had a large Reserve created. Later | *'''1871: '''On August 21, 1871, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of southwestern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan, had a large Reserve created. Later, land was ceded. This treaty is known as Treaty 2. | ||
*'''1873: '''On March 3, 1873, a treaty created the Pembina Chippewa Reservation of Minnesota. It is supposedly within the boundaries of White Earth Reservation. | *'''1873: '''On March 3, 1873, a treaty created the Pembina Chippewa Reservation of Minnesota. It is supposedly within the boundaries of White Earth Reservation. | ||
*'''1873: '''On August 16, 1873, the Little Shell Chippewa's [[Judith basin indian reservation]] was created. It was located within the boundaries of the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on October 17, 1855. Supposedly the River Crow were created this Reservation but the Little Shell Chippewa's have long lived in that part of Montana. The Crow supposedly refused to move to the Reservation.The River Crow are really the Little Shell Chippewa's. The October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty which was signed near the mouth of the Judith River in Montana, does not mention the River Crow nor the Dakotas including the Brule, Hunkpapa, Santee, Sissetons, Wahpetons, and Yanktonai. It does mention the Assiniboine who are Nakota or Nakoda. However, they are not Dakota. They are the enemies of the Dakotas. The Judith River is within the boundaries of the [[Judith basin indian reservation]].<br> | *'''1873: '''On August 16, 1873, the Little Shell Chippewa's [[Judith basin indian reservation]] was created. It was located within the boundaries of the original Blackfeet Reservation which was created on October 17, 1855. Supposedly the River Crow were created this Reservation but the Little Shell Chippewa's have long lived in that part of Montana. The Crow supposedly refused to move to the Reservation. The River Crow are really the Little Shell Chippewa's. The October 17, 1855 Blackfeet Treaty which was signed near the mouth of the Judith River in Montana, does not mention the River Crow nor the Dakotas including the Brule, Hunkpapa, Santee, Sissetons, Wahpetons, and Yanktonai. It does mention the Assiniboine who are Nakota or Nakoda. However, they are not Dakota. They are the enemies of the Dakotas. The Judith River is within the boundaries of the [[Judith basin indian reservation]].<br> | ||
*'''1873: '''On October 3, 1873, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of northwestern Ontario and eastern Manitoba, had a large Reserve created. Later, | *'''1873: '''On October 3, 1873, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of northwestern Ontario and eastern Manitoba, had a large Reserve created. Later, land was ceded. This treaty is known as Treaty 3. | ||
*'''1874: '''On September 15, 1874, the Saulteaux Chippewa's had a large Reserve created in southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, and southeastern Alberta. Later, land was ceded. This is Treaty 4. | *'''1874: '''On September 15, 1874, the Saulteaux Chippewa's had a large Reserve created in southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, and southeastern Alberta. Later, land was ceded. This is Treaty 4. | ||
*'''1875: '''On April 13, 1875, the United States added land to the Blackfeet Reservation of Montana which was created on October 17, 1855. The new land additions were located adjacent to and south of what is now the Fort Peck Reservation. It clearly States in the treaty that the land additions were for the Blackfoot, Blood, Gros Ventre, Piegan, and River Crow who are really the Little Shell Chippewa's. | *'''1875: '''On April 13, 1875, the United States added land to the Blackfeet Reservation of Montana which was created on October 17, 1855. The new land additions were located adjacent to and south of what is now the Fort Peck Reservation. It clearly States in the treaty that the land additions were for the Blackfoot, Blood, Gros Ventre, Piegan, and River Crow who are really the Little Shell Chippewa's. | ||
*'''1875: '''On September 20, 1875, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of Manitoba were created a large Reserve in Manitoba. In all, there were 18 adhesion signings to Treaty 5. This is Treaty 5. | *'''1875: '''On September 20, 1875, the Saulteaux Chippewa's of Manitoba were created a large Reserve in Manitoba. In all, there were 18 adhesion signings to Treaty 5. This is Treaty 5. | ||
*'''1876: '''On August 23, 1876, a large Reserve was created for the Saulteaux Chippewa's of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Later, land was ceded. This is Treaty 6. | *'''1876: '''On August 23, 1876, a large Reserve was created for the Saulteaux Chippewa's of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Later, land was ceded. This is Treaty 6. | ||
*'''1877: '''On September 22, 1877, a large | *'''1877: '''On September 22, 1877, a large Reserve was created for the Saulteaux Chippewa's of southern Alberta. Later, land was ceded. This is Treaty 7. | ||
*'''1882: '''On December 21, 1882, the Turtle Mountain Reservation of North Dakota was created. Chief Little Shell III refused to take part in the treaty. | *'''1882: '''On December 21, 1882, the Turtle Mountain Reservation of North Dakota was created. Chief Little Shell III refused to take part in the treaty. | ||
*'''1889: '''On July 8, 1889, the United States refused to honor treaty and allowed Chippewa men in Minnesota of voting age, to vote if they wanted to accept land allotments and have Reservation surplus land sold to the whites. They voted to accept land allotments and have surplus Reservation land sold to whites. The treaty is invalid. The United States did not deal with the Chippewa's on a nation to nation level. Chief's Little Shell III, Red Thunder, and other Chippewa leaders refused to accept this treaty. | *'''1889: '''On July 8, 1889, the United States refused to honor treaty and allowed Chippewa men in Minnesota of voting age, to vote if they wanted to accept land allotments and have Reservation surplus land sold to the whites. They voted to accept land allotments and have surplus Reservation land sold to whites. The treaty is invalid. The United States did not deal with the Chippewa's on a nation to nation level. Chief's Little Shell III, Red Thunder, and other Chippewa leaders refused to accept this treaty. | ||
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*'''1892:''' Chiefs Little Shell III and Red Thunder, refused to sign the illegal McCumber Agreement which was about 11 million acres along the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, and the vast [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain Reservation in]] the northern plains which was set aside in 1882. | *'''1892:''' Chiefs Little Shell III and Red Thunder, refused to sign the illegal McCumber Agreement which was about 11 million acres along the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, and the vast [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain Reservation in]] the northern plains which was set aside in 1882. | ||
*'''1898: '''A short Rebelllion was fought in northern Minnesota. Chief Bugonaygishig led Chippewa soldiers during the short war to restore Chippewa Reservations in Minnesota. Through treaty agreements, the United States returned the Reservations. | *'''1898: '''A short Rebelllion was fought in northern Minnesota. Chief Bugonaygishig led Chippewa soldiers during the short war to restore Chippewa Reservations in Minnesota. Through treaty agreements, the United States returned the Reservations. | ||
*'''1899: '''On June 21, 1899, a large Reserve was created for the Saulteau Chippewa's of British Columbia, northern Alberta, northwestern Saskatchewan, and the southeastern part of what is now the Northwest Territories. All Treaty 8 land in British Columbia, a small part of northeastern Alberta, and all of Treaty 8 land in the southeastern part of the Northwest Territories remains a Saulteau Chippewa Reserve. This is Treaty 8. | *'''1899: '''On June 21, 1899, a large Reserve was created for the Saulteau Chippewa's of British Columbia, northern Alberta, northwestern Saskatchewan, and the southeastern part of what is now the Northwest Territories. All Treaty 8 land in British Columbia, a small part of northeastern Alberta, and all of Treaty 8 land in the southeastern part of the Northwest Territories, remains a Saulteau Chippewa Reserve. This is Treaty 8. | ||
*'''1905: '''On June 29, 1905, a large Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve was created in northeastern Ontario. It borders the July 5, 1929 Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve located in northwestern Ontario. In all, there were 17 adhesion signings to Treaty 9. This is Treaty 9. | *'''1905: '''On June 29, 1905, a large Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve was created in northeastern Ontario. It borders the July 5, 1929 Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve located in northwestern Ontario. In all, there were 17 adhesion signings to Treaty 9. This is Treaty 9. | ||
*'''1906: '''On August 19, 1906, a large Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve was created in northern Saskatchewan. In all, there were 4 signings to Treaty 10. This is Treaty 10. | *'''1906: '''On August 19, 1906, a large Saulteaux Chippewa Reserve was created in northern Saskatchewan. In all, there were 4 signings to Treaty 10. This is Treaty 10. | ||
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The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether | The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether | ||
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>[http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/printableViewer.htm?imgF=images/preview/fedlands/GA.gif&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;imgW=588&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;imgH=450 National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations] </ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991 (Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. | The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>[http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/printableViewer.htm?imgF=images/preview/fedlands/GA.gif&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;imgW=588&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;imgH=450 National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations] </ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991 (Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. | ||
[[Bay Mills Indian Reservation (Michigan)|Bay Mills]], [[Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Grand Portage]], [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Leeck Lake]], [[Mille Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mille Lacs]], [[Red Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Red Lake]], Nett Lake, [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain]], [[White Earth Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Earth]], [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's]], Bad River, [[Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac Courte Oreilles]], [[Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac du Flambeau]], Keweenaw Bay, [[Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Fond Du Lac]], Mole Lake, [[Red Cliff Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Red Cliff]], | [[Bay Mills Indian Reservation (Michigan)|Bay Mills]], [[Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Grand Portage]], [[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Leeck Lake]], [[Mille Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mille Lacs]], [[Red Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Red Lake]], Nett Lake, [[Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation (North Dakota)|Turtle Mountain]], [[White Earth Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Earth]], [[Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (Montana)|Rocky Boy's]], Bad River, [[Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac Courte Oreilles]], [[Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Lac du Flambeau]], Keweenaw Bay, [[Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Fond Du Lac]], Mole Lake, [[Red Cliff Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Red Cliff]], | ||
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National Archives film M234, Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affaris, 1824-1881. Includes 1. 1838 list of Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawatomie entitled to benefits at the Council Bluffs Agency. (File H571, Roll 215) 2. 1878 lists of heads of families for Pillager and Lake Winnebigoshish Chippewa, (Fild K259, Roll 1166) 3. 1878 lists of heads of families for White Oake, Point and Mississippi Chippewa, (File K266, Roll 166)(source: NAR RR#1002) | National Archives film M234, Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affaris, 1824-1881. Includes 1. 1838 list of Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawatomie entitled to benefits at the Council Bluffs Agency. (File H571, Roll 215) 2. 1878 lists of heads of families for Pillager and Lake Winnebigoshish Chippewa, (Fild K259, Roll 1166) 3. 1878 lists of heads of families for White Oake, Point and Mississippi Chippewa, (File K266, Roll 166)(source: NAR RR#1002) | ||
==== [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Kenawash, 3.jpg|thumb|right|232x264px]]Treaties ==== | ==== [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Kenawash, 3.jpg|thumb|right|232x264px|Chippewa, Chief Kenawash, 3.jpg]]Treaties ==== | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh - Wyandot | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh - Wyandot | ||
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*November 17, 1807, at Detroit - Ottawa | *November 17, 1807, at Detroit - Ottawa | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0099.htm 1808] November 25, at Brownstown | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0099.htm 1808] November 25, at Brownstown | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0162.htm 1815] September 8, at Spring Wells - Wyandot [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Obtossaway.jpg|thumb|right|217x248px]] | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0162.htm 1815] September 8, at Spring Wells - Wyandot [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Obtossaway.jpg|thumb|right|217x248px|Chippewa, Chief Obtossaway.jpg]] | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0132.htm 1816] August 24, at St. Louis - Ottawa | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0132.htm 1816] August 24, at St. Louis - Ottawa | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0145.htm 1817] September 29, on the Miami - Wyandot | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0145.htm 1817] September 29, on the Miami - Wyandot | ||