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Oklahoma Indigenous Peoples: Difference between revisions
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The Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole (known as the Five Civilized Tribes) were among the many southeastern tribes who were removed by treaty to Indian Territory. In 1838 the Cherokees who had not already moved voluntarily were forced to move to Indian Territory. This migration became known as the “Trail of Tears.” Large parcels of land were distributed to these five tribes who became self-governing “Nations.” | The Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole (known as the Five Civilized Tribes) were among the many southeastern tribes who were removed by treaty to Indian Territory. In 1838 the Cherokees who had not already moved voluntarily were forced to move to Indian Territory. This migration became known as the “Trail of Tears.” Large parcels of land were distributed to these five tribes who became self-governing “Nations.” | ||
White settlers moving west after the Civil War pressured the government to extinguish Indian title to lands and relocate the Indians. The alliance between the Five Civilized Tribes and the Confederacy during the Civil War also provided Congress with an excuse to realign tribal boundaries. Treaties in 1866 and later reduced the land of the Five Civilized Tribes by almost half. These created the “Unassigned Lands” in central Oklahoma that were eventually opened for land runs. | White settlers moving west after the Civil War pressured the government to extinguish Indian title to lands and relocate the Indians. The alliance between the Five Civilized Tribes and the Confederacy during the Civil War also provided Congress with an excuse to realign tribal boundaries. Treaties in 1866 and later reduced the land of the Five Civilized Tribes by almost half. These created the “Unassigned Lands” in central Oklahoma that were eventually opened for land runs. | ||
=== '''Other Tribes''' === | === '''Other Tribes''' === | ||
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*Darlington Agency -- location of the [[Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency]] | *Darlington Agency -- location of the [[Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency]] | ||
*[[Five Civilized Tribes Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Five Civilized Tribes Agency]] | *[[Five Civilized Tribes Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Five Civilized Tribes Agency]] | ||
*[[Kaw_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|Kaw Agency]] | |||
*[[Kiowa Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Kiowa Agency]] | *[[Kiowa Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Kiowa Agency]] | ||
*[[Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency]] | *[[Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita Agency]] | ||
*[[Miami Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Miami Agency]], P. O. Box 391, Miami, OK, 74355 | *[[Miami Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Miami Agency]], P. O. Box 391, Miami, OK, 74355 | ||
*[[Neosho Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Neosho Agency]] 1831-1875 | *[[Neosho Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Neosho Agency]] 1831-1875 | ||
*Oakland Agency | |||
*Okmulgee Agency, P.O. Box 370, Okmulgee, OK 74447 | *Okmulgee Agency, P.O. Box 370, Okmulgee, OK 74447 | ||
*[[Osage Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Osage Agency]], Pawhuska, OK 74056 | *[[Osage Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Osage Agency]], Pawhuska, OK 74056 | ||
*[[Otoe_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|Otoe Agency]] | |||
*[[Pawnee Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Pawnee Agency]], P. O. Box 440, Pawnee, OK 74058 | *[[Pawnee Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Pawnee Agency]], P. O. Box 440, Pawnee, OK 74058 | ||
*[[Ponca_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|Ponca Agency]] | |||
*[[Quapaw Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Quapaw Agency]] | *[[Quapaw Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Quapaw Agency]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Red Moon Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Red Moon Agency]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Seger Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Seger Agency]] | ||
*[[Seminole Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Seminole Agency]] | *[[Seminole Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Seminole Agency]] | ||
*[[Shawnee Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Shawnee Agency]], Route 5, Box 148, Shawnee, OK 74801 | *[[Shawnee Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Shawnee Agency]], Route 5, Box 148, Shawnee, OK 74801 | ||
*Tahlequah Agency, P.O.Box 828, Tahequah, OK, 74465 | *Tahlequah Agency, P.O.Box 828, Tahequah, OK, 74465 | ||
*Talihina Agency, P. O. Box Drawer H, Talihina, OK 74571 | *Talihina Agency, P. O. Box Drawer H, Talihina, OK 74571 | ||
*[[Tonkawa_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|Tonkawa Agency]] | |||
*[[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Union Agency]] 1875-1880 | *[[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Union Agency]] 1875-1880 | ||
*[[Upper Arkansas Indian Agency|Upper Arkansas Agency]] | *[[Upper Arkansas Indian Agency|Upper Arkansas Agency]] | ||
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*[[Choctaw and Chickasaw Hospital (Oklahoma)|Choctaw and Chickasaw Hospital]] | *[[Choctaw and Chickasaw Hospital (Oklahoma)|Choctaw and Chickasaw Hospital]] | ||
*[[Claremore Hospital (Oklahoma)|Claremore Hospital]] | *[[Claremore Hospital (Oklahoma)|Claremore Hospital]] | ||
*[[Pawnee- | *[[Pawnee-Ponca Indian Hospital (Oklahoma)|Pawnee-Ponca Hospital]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Shawnee Indian Sanatorium (Oklahoma)|Shawnee Sanatorium]] | ||
== Records == | == Records == | ||
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=== '''Land allotment records''' === | === '''Land allotment records''' === | ||
Many Indians received allotments of land. These records are described in the United States Research Outline (30972). A major set relating to Oklahoma is the land allotment records of the Five Civilized Tribes. These records are often referred to as the “Dawes Rolls”. | Many Indians received allotments of land. These records are described in the United States Research Outline (30972). A major set relating to Oklahoma is the land allotment records of the Five Civilized Tribes. These records are often referred to as the “Dawes Rolls”. | ||
=== '''Dawes Rolls''' === | === '''Dawes Rolls''' === | ||