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2. Identify the tribe or band. When you know the general area where an ancestor lived, you can usually identify the tribe he belonged to. Use various handbooks that describe the tribes that lived in an area, such as: | 2. Identify the tribe or band. When you know the general area where an ancestor lived, you can usually identify the tribe he belonged to. Use various handbooks that describe the tribes that lived in an area, such as: | ||
Swanton, John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. 1952, Reprint. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974. ( | Swanton, John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. 1952, Reprint. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=265556&disp=The+Indian+tribes+of+North+America%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 S24i 1974; film 1598299 item 6].) | ||
''Handbook of Indians of Canada''. Ottawa: Geographic Board of Canada, 1912. ( | ''Handbook of Indians of Canada''. Ottawa: Geographic Board of Canada, 1912. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=113490&disp=Handbook+of+Indians+of+Canada%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191hc; film 1415251 item 15].) | ||
3. Study the history of the tribe. You will need some background information about the tribe, such as (a) migration patterns, (b) marriage and naming customs, and (c) affiliations with government agencies or churches. If the tribe moved several times, records may be in many locations. | 3. Study the history of the tribe. You will need some background information about the tribe, such as (a) migration patterns, (b) marriage and naming customs, and (c) affiliations with government agencies or churches. If the tribe moved several times, records may be in many locations. | ||
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Researching native races can be particularly challenging because use of the records is often restricted. When you know the tribe your ancestor belonged to and the areas where he may have lived, then determine if records are available. Administrative and Indian land records created by the federal Department of Indian Affairs before 1970 are now at the National Archives of Canada in Ottawa. An inventory of these is in: | Researching native races can be particularly challenging because use of the records is often restricted. When you know the tribe your ancestor belonged to and the areas where he may have lived, then determine if records are available. Administrative and Indian land records created by the federal Department of Indian Affairs before 1970 are now at the National Archives of Canada in Ottawa. An inventory of these is in: | ||
Gillis, Peter, ed. ''Records Relating to Indian Affairs''. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1975. ( | Gillis, Peter, ed. ''Records Relating to Indian Affairs''. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1975. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=59642&disp=Records+relating+to+Indian+Affairs+%28RG%20%20&columns=*,0,0 971 A3pg] no. 1.) Some of these records have been microfilmed and are available to public libraries through interlibrary loan. | ||
Some provincial and private archives have records of native peoples. Addresses and brief descriptions of their holdings are in: | Some provincial and private archives have records of native peoples. Addresses and brief descriptions of their holdings are in: | ||
''Directory of Canadian Archives''. 5th ed. Ottawa: Association of Canadian Archivists, 1990. ( | ''Directory of Canadian Archives''. 5th ed. Ottawa: Association of Canadian Archivists, 1990. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=488963&disp=Directory+of+Canadian+archives%20%20&columns=*,0,0 971 J54d] 1990.) | ||
''The Official Directory of Canadian Museums and Related Institutions'', 1987–1988. Ottawa: Canadian Museums Association, 1987. ( | ''The Official Directory of Canadian Museums and Related Institutions'', 1987–1988. Ottawa: Canadian Museums Association, 1987. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=723351&disp=The+Official+directory+of+Canadian+museu%20%20&columns=*,0,0 971 J54dc].) | ||
Addresses of many private Canadian archives and museums, educational centers, tribal headquarters, newspapers, and other nongovernmental organizations controlled by or serving American Indian, Inuit, and mixed-blood groups are listed in: | Addresses of many private Canadian archives and museums, educational centers, tribal headquarters, newspapers, and other nongovernmental organizations controlled by or serving American Indian, Inuit, and mixed-blood groups are listed in: | ||
Snyder, Fred, ed. ''Native American Directory: Alaska, Canada, United States. San Carlos, Ariz''.: ''National Native American Co-Operative'', 1982. ( | Snyder, Fred, ed. ''Native American Directory: Alaska, Canada, United States. San Carlos, Ariz''.: ''National Native American Co-Operative'', 1982. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=106901&disp=Native+American+directory%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 N213; four fiche 6,048,]680.) This also lists names, but not addresses, of all Indian reserves in Canadian provinces. | ||
Locations of agency headquarters and settlements are in: | Locations of agency headquarters and settlements are in: | ||
''A Survey of the Indians of North America''. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Institute of American Indian Studies, 1963. ( | ''A Survey of the Indians of North America''. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Institute of American Indian Studies, 1963. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=160838&disp=A+survey+of+the+Indians+of+North+America%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 B768s; film 928206 item 1].) | ||
A bibliography of maps of Indian reserves is: | A bibliography of maps of Indian reserves is: | ||
''Maps of Indian Reserves and Settlements in the National Map Collection''. 2 vols. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1980–81. ( | ''Maps of Indian Reserves and Settlements in the National Map Collection''. 2 vols. Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1980–81. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=27291&disp=Maps+of+Indian+reserves+and+settlements+%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 C157m] .) | ||
=== Additional Sources for Research === | === Additional Sources for Research === | ||
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Early Roman Catholic Church records on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border list names of Native Canadians. Many such names are in: | Early Roman Catholic Church records on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border list names of Native Canadians. Many such names are in: | ||
Munnick, Harriet Duncan. ''Catholic Church Records of the Pacific Northwest''<nowiki>: St. Louis, Gervais, Brooks. Portland, Ore.: Binford & | Munnick, Harriet Duncan. ''Catholic Church Records of the Pacific Northwest''<nowiki>: St. Louis, Gervais, Brooks. Portland, Ore.: Binford & Mort, 1982. (FHL book 979.537 K2m.) See the Family History Library Catalog, Author/Title section for call numbers of additional volumes in this series.</nowiki> | ||
If your Native Canadian ancestor lived near the United States border, check appropriate U.S. sources covering border areas. See United States Research Outline, "Native Races." | If your Native Canadian ancestor lived near the United States border, check appropriate U.S. sources covering border areas. See United States Research Outline, "Native Races." | ||
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*Merriman, Brenda Dougall. ''Genealogy in Ontario: Searching the Records.'' 3rd ed. Toronto: Ontario Genealogical Society, 1996. (FHL book 971.3 D27m 1996) | *Merriman, Brenda Dougall. ''Genealogy in Ontario: Searching the Records.'' 3rd ed. Toronto: Ontario Genealogical Society, 1996. (FHL book 971.3 D27m 1996) | ||
[[Category:Canada]] [[Category:Indians_of_Canada]] [[Category:Ethnic, | [[Category:Canada]] [[Category:Indians_of_Canada]] [[Category:Ethnic,_Political,_or_Religious_Groups]] | ||